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Cam and Follower

The document discusses cams and followers, including their uses, types of cams based on mechanism and shape, types of followers based on contact surface and motion, cam nomenclature, and follower motion. Cams are used to control motion and can generate forces, precisely position components, and time events. Common cam types include disk, cylindrical, and end cams.

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25 views

Cam and Follower

The document discusses cams and followers, including their uses, types of cams based on mechanism and shape, types of followers based on contact surface and motion, cam nomenclature, and follower motion. Cams are used to control motion and can generate forces, precisely position components, and time events. Common cam types include disk, cylindrical, and end cams.

Uploaded by

ILEENVIRUS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CAM AND FOLLOWER

INTRODUCTION
A cam is a machine element that
gives a specified periodic motion to
another machine element, called
the follower, by direct contact.
Usually, the cam has rotational
motion, although in some special
cases, its motion may be
reciprocation or oscillation.

Cam
– specially shaped part
designed to move the
follower in a controlled
fashion.

Follower
– a link constrained to rotate or
translate.

What cam’s are used for?


– Valve actuation in IC engine
– Motion control in machinery
– Force generation
– Precise positioning
– Event Timing
⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻—
⸻

CAMS:

based on the mechanism:


. Rotating Cam-Translating
Follower
. Rotating Cam-Oscillating
Follower
. Translating Cam-Translating
Follower

based on the shape:


. Radial or Disc Cam - the
follower reciprocates or
oscillates in a direction
perpendicular to the cam
axis.
. Cylindrical Cam - the
follower reciprocates or
oscillates in a direction
parallel to the cam axis.
. End Cam - Similar to
cylindrical cams, but the
follower makes contact at
periphery of the cam.
1. DISK CAMS
– Disk cams are sometimes
called plate cams. They are
most common and widely
used type of cam. In this
type, contact between the
cam and the follower is
maintained by external means
such as a spring, an external
load, or both.

2. CYLINDRICAL CAM
– This type of cam has a
follower that is placed at a
distance from the axis of the
cam and its motion is normal
to the plane of rotation.
3. DISK FACE CAM
– They are actually disk cams
with the follower riding in a
groove in the face of the cam.

4. WEDGE CAM
– The wedge cam is actually a
disk cam except that it is in
the form of a wedge and has
a reciprocating motion.
5. YOKE CAM
– The yoke cam is simply an
eccentric disk bounded by a
frame, called a yoke, which
has only a reciprocating
motion.

⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻—
⸻

FOLLOWERS:
According to the surface in
contact:
. Roller Follower - When the
contacting end of the
follower is a roller, it is called
as the roller follower.
. Knife Edge Follower - Knife
Edge follower will have a
sharp knife-edge as the
contacting edge on to the
Cam.
. Flat Faced Follower - When
the contacting surface of the
follower is perfectly flat, then
the type of follower is called
the flat-faced follower.
. Spherical Faced Follower -
When the contacting surface
of the follower is of spherical

According to the motion of the


follower:
. Reciprocating or
Transmitting Follower - As
we have discussed different
follower in the above section
which is having the
translatory motion towards
upward/downward direction,
those all come under the
Reciprocating or translating
follower.
. Oscillating or Rotating
Follower - When the motion
of the cam is converted into
the predetermined oscillatory
motion for the follower, such
followers come under the
oscillating follower.

According to the path of motion of


According to the path of motion of
the follower:
. Radial Follower- When the
motion of the follower is
along an axis which is
passing through the centre of
the Cam, then these types of
followers comes under the
Radial Followers.
. Off-set Follower - When the
motion is in offset distance
between the axis(Motion
Axis) of follower and the
centre of the Cam.

⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻—
⸻
MOTION OF THE FOLLOWER
As the Cam rotates the follower
moves upward and downward.
● The upward movement of the
follower is called RISE
(outstroke)
● The downward movement is
called FALL (return stroke).
● When the follower is not
moving upward or downward
even the cam rotates, it is
called DWELL.

TYPES OF THE FOLLOWER


MOTION
● Uniform Motion (Constant
Velocity)
● Simple Harmonic Motion
● Uniform Acceleration and
retardation motion
● Cycloid motion
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⸻

CAM NOMENCLATURE
● Cam Profile: the outer
surface of the disc cam
● Base Circle: the circle with
the shortest radius from the
cam center to any part of the
cam profile
● Trace point: it is a point on
the follower, and its motion
describes the movement of
the follower. It is used to
generate the pitch curve.
● Pitch Curve: the path
generated by the trace point
as the follower is rotated
about stationary cam.
● Prime Circle: the smallest
circle from the cam center
through the pitch curve.
● Pressure angle: the angle
between the direction of the
follower movement and the
normal to the pitch curve.
● Pitch Point: corresponds to
the point of maximum
pressure angle.
● Pitch Circle: a circle drawn
from the cam center and
passes through the pitch
point.
● Stroke: The greatest
distance or angle through
which the follower moves or
rotates.

⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻—
⸻

DISPLACEMENT DIAGRAM
● The displacement diagram is
a specification for the motion
desired for the follower as a
function of the time. When
cams rotate at a constant
speed, time is proportional to
the cam rotational angle 0.
Since the motion of the
follower is repeated every
cam revolution, the diagram
is, then, drawn against 0 with
length equivalent to one
complete cam revolution, that
is, 360°. Its height represents
the total follower
displacement (lift) from the
lowest position. The diagram
consists basically of four
portions.

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