10/4/23, 11:27 AM PYTHON ASSIGNMENT UNIT 2

1.Plot a sine wave using markers +, o, and x using three different colors.

In [4]: import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)

y = np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x, y, marker='+', color='blue', label='Marker +')
plt.plot(x, y + 0.5, marker='o', color='green', label='Marker o')
plt.plot(x, y - 0.5, marker='x', color='red', label='Marker x')

plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
plt.title('Sine Wave with Different Markers and Colors')
plt.legend()

plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

2.Plot tan θ, for θ from −2π to 2π, watch for singular points

In [3]: import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
theta = np.linspace(-2 * np.pi, 2 * np.pi, 1000)
theta = theta[~np.isin(theta, [-np.pi/2, np.pi/2, 3*np.pi/2])]

tan_theta = np.tan(theta)

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4))
plt.plot(theta, tan_theta, label='tan(θ)', color='blue')
plt.scatter([-np.pi/2, np.pi/2, 3*np.pi/2], [np.inf, -np.inf, np.inf], color='red',

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10/4/23, 11:27 AM PYTHON ASSIGNMENT UNIT 2
plt.axhline(y=0, color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=0.5)
plt.xlabel('θ')
plt.ylabel('tan(θ)')
plt.title('Plot of tan(θ) for -2π ≤ θ ≤ 2π')
plt.xlim(-2 * np.pi, 2 * np.pi)
plt.ylim(-10, 10)
plt.grid(True)
plt.legend()
plt.show()

. Plot a circle using the polar() function.

In [11]: import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 1000)
radius = np.ones(1000)
plt.polar(theta, radius)
plt.show()

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10/4/23, 11:27 AM PYTHON ASSIGNMENT UNIT 2

In [18]: import numpy as np

from scipy.signal import triang
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.integrate import simps
L=1
samples=501
terms=50

x=np.linspace(0,L,samples,endpoint=False)
y=triang(samples)

a0=2./L*simps(y,x)
an=lambda n:2.0/L*simps(y*np.cos(2.*np.pi*n*x/L),x)
bn=lambda n:2.0/L*simps(y*np.sin(2.*np.pi*n*x/L),x)

s=a0/2.+sum([an(k)*np.cos(2.*np.pi*k*x/L)+bn(k)*np.sin(2.*np.pi*k*x/L)
for k in range(1,terms+1)])

plt.plot(x,s,label="Fourier series")
plt.plot(x,y,label="Original Triangular wave")
plt.xlabel("$x$")
plt.ylabel("$y=f(x)$")
plt.legend(loc='best',prop={'size':10})
plt.title("Triangular wave signal analysis by Fouries series")
plt.savefig("fs_triangular.png")
plt.show()

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10/4/23, 11:27 AM PYTHON ASSIGNMENT UNIT 2

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[18], line 19
14 bn=lambda n:2.0/L*simps(y*np.sin(2.*np.pi*n*x/L),x)
16 s=a0/2.+sum([an(k)*np.cos(2.*np.pi*k*x/L)+bn(k)*np.sin(2.*np.pi*k*x/L)
17 for k in range(1,terms+1)])
---> 19 plt.plot(x,s,label="Fourier series")
20 plt.plot(x,y,label="Original Triangular wave")
21 plt.xlabel("$x$")

File ~\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py:2812, in plot(scalex, scal

ey, data, *args, **kwargs)
2810 @_copy_docstring_and_deprecators(Axes.plot)
2811 def plot(*args, scalex=True, scaley=True, data=None, **kwargs):
-> 2812 return gca().plot(
2813 *args, scalex=scalex, scaley=scaley,
2814 **({"data": data} if data is not None else {}), **kwargs)

File ~\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_axes.py:1688, in Axes.plot(sel

f, scalex, scaley, data, *args, **kwargs)
1445 """
1446 Plot y versus x as lines and/or markers.
1447
(...)
1685 (``'green'``) or hex strings (``'#008000'``).
1686 """
1687 kwargs = cbook.normalize_kwargs(kwargs, mlines.Line2D)
-> 1688 lines = [*self._get_lines(*args, data=data, **kwargs)]
1689 for line in lines:
1690 self.add_line(line)

File ~\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py:311, in _process_plot_

var_args.__call__(self, data, *args, **kwargs)
309 this += args[0],
310 args = args[1:]
--> 311 yield from self._plot_args(
312 this, kwargs, ambiguous_fmt_datakey=ambiguous_fmt_datakey)

File ~\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py:504, in _process_plot_

var_args._plot_args(self, tup, kwargs, return_kwargs, ambiguous_fmt_datakey)
501 self.axes.yaxis.update_units(y)
503 if x.shape[0] != y.shape[0]:
--> 504 raise ValueError(f"x and y must have same first dimension, but "
505 f"have shapes {x.shape} and {y.shape}")
506 if x.ndim > 2 or y.ndim > 2:
507 raise ValueError(f"x and y can be no greater than 2D, but have "
508 f"shapes {x.shape} and {y.shape}")

ValueError: x and y must have same first dimension, but have shapes (50,) and (1,)

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10/4/23, 11:27 AM PYTHON ASSIGNMENT UNIT 2

Generate a triangular wave using the Fourier series

Write a Python program to calculate the sine function using series expansion and plot it.

In [9]: import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def calculate_sine(x, num_terms=10):

sine_value = 0
for n in range(num_terms):
term = ((-1) ** n) * (x ** (2 * n + 1)) / np.math.factorial(2 * n + 1)
sine_value += term
return sine_value

x = np.linspace(-2 * np.pi, 2 * np.pi, 400)

sine_values = [calculate_sine(val, num_terms=10) for val in x]

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4))
plt.plot(x, sine_values, label='Sine Function (Maclaurin Series)')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('sin(x)')
plt.title('Sine Function Plot Using Maclaurin Series')
plt.grid(True)
plt.axhline(y=0, color='black', linewidth=0.5)
plt.axvline(x=0, color='black', linewidth=0.5)
plt.legend()
plt.show()

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10/4/23, 11:27 AM PYTHON ASSIGNMENT UNIT 2

Write a Python program to plot y = 5x^2 + 3x + 2 (for x from 0 to 5, 20 points), using

pylab, with axes and title. Use red colored circles to mark the points.

In [33]: from pylab import *

x = linspace(0, 5, 20)

y = 5 * x**2 + 3 * x + 2

plot(x, y, 'ro', label='y = 5x^2 + 3x + 2')

xlabel('x')
ylabel('y')
title('Plot of y = 5x^2 + 3x + 2')
grid(True)

legend()

show()

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10/4/23, 11:27 AM PYTHON ASSIGNMENT UNIT 2

Write a program to plot r = cos(kθ) in polar coordinates for θ from 0 to 10π, k is an integer.
Write for two different values of k (even and odd).

In [31]: import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

theta = np.linspace(0, 10 * np.pi, 1000)

k_even = 2
k_odd = 3

r_even = np.cos(k_even * theta)

r_odd = np.cos(k_odd * theta)

plt.subplot(121, projection='polar')
plt.plot(theta, r_even, label=f'r = cos({k_even}θ)', color='blue')
plt.title(f'r = cos({k_even}θ) in Polar Coordinates')
plt.legend()

plt.subplot(122, projection='polar')
plt.plot(theta, r_odd, label=f'r = cos({k_odd}θ)', color='green')
plt.title(f'r = cos({k_odd}θ) in Polar Coordinates')
plt.legend()

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

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10/4/23, 11:27 AM PYTHON ASSIGNMENT UNIT 2

Write a Python program to plot a square wave using the Fourier series, number of terms
should be a variable.

In [13]: import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def square_wave_fourier(x, num_terms):

square_wave = 0
for n in range(1, num_terms + 1, 2): # Use only odd harmonics for a square wav
square_wave += (4 / (n * np.pi)) * np.sin(n * np.pi * x)
return square_wave

x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 1000)

num_terms = 5
square_wave = square_wave_fourier(x, num_terms)

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4))
plt.plot(x, square_wave, label=f'Square Wave (Terms = {num_terms})', color='blue')
plt.xlabel('Time')
plt.ylabel('Amplitude')
plt.title('Square Wave Approximation Using Fourier Series')
plt.grid(True)
plt.axhline(y=0, color='black', linewidth=0.5)
plt.axvline(x=0, color='black', linewidth=0.5)
plt.legend()
plt.show()

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10/4/23, 11:27 AM PYTHON ASSIGNMENT UNIT 2

Write a Python program to read the x and y coordinates from a file, in a two-column format,
and plot them.

answer:First, ensure you have a file containing the x and y coordinates in a two-column
format. For example, you can have a file named coordinates.txt with the following content:

1.0 2.0 2.0 3.5 3.0 1.5 4.0 4.0 5.0 2.0

In [32]: import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

file_path = r'C:\Users\aswin\Downloads\Book1.txt'

try:
data = np.loadtxt(file_path)
x = data[:, 0]
y = data[:, 1]

plt.scatter(x, y, marker='o', color='blue', label='Data Points')

plt.xlabel('X Coordinate')
plt.ylabel('Y Coordinate')
plt.title('Scatter Plot of X and Y Coordinates')
plt.grid(True)
plt.legend()
plt.show()

except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"File '{file_path}' not found.")
except Exception as e:
print(f"An error occurred: {str(e)}")

Cell In[32], line 19

plt.show()
^
SyntaxError: incomplete input

Plot x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 25 using mayavi.

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10/4/23, 11:27 AM PYTHON ASSIGNMENT UNIT 2

In [ ]: import numpy as np
from mayavi import mlab

def surface_equation(x, y):

return np.sqrt(25 - x**2 - y**2), -np.sqrt(25 - x**2 - y**2)

x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)
y = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)

X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)

Z1, Z2 = surface_equation(X, Y)

surf = mlab.mesh(X, Y, Z1, color=(0.8, 0.2, 0.2))

surf = mlab.mesh(X, Y, Z2, color=(0.8, 0.2, 0.2))

mlab.xlabel("X")
mlab.ylabel("Y")
mlab.zlabel("Z")

# Show the plot

mlab.show()

C:\Users\aswin\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_12260\1586635582.py:6: RuntimeWarning:
invalid value encountered in sqrt
return np.sqrt(25 - x**2 - y**2), -np.sqrt(25 - x**2 - y**2)

Make a plot z = sin(x) + sin(y) using imshow(), from −4π to 4π for both x and y.

In [26]: import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.linspace(-4 * np.pi, 4 * np.pi, 400)

y = np.linspace(-4 * np.pi, 4 * np.pi, 400)

X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)

Z = np.sin(X) + np.sin(Y)

plt.imshow(Z, extent=(-4 * np.pi, 4 * np.pi, -4 * np.pi, 4 * np.pi), origin='lower

plt.colorbar(label='Z')
plt.xlabel('X')
plt.ylabel('Y')
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

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10/4/23, 11:27 AM PYTHON ASSIGNMENT UNIT 2

Write Python code to plot y = x^2 , with the axes labeled.

In [16]: import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.linspace(-10, 10, 100)

y = x**2

plt.plot(x, y)
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.show()

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10/4/23, 11:27 AM PYTHON ASSIGNMENT UNIT 2

In [24]: import numpy as np

x = 0.5
terms = 10

y = 0

# Calculate the series

for n in range(1, terms + 1):
numerator = (-1) ** n * x ** (2 * n + 1)
denominator = np.math.factorial(2 * n + 1)
term = numerator / denominator
y += term

print(f"The sum of the series for {terms} terms is: {y}")

The sum of the series for 10 terms is: -0.020574461395797005

In [ ]:

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