Answers and Explanations 321

Answer Key 3. 135

If a line is tangent to a circle, the line is to
Section 19-1
the radius at the point of tangency. Therefore,
1. 38 2. 38 3. 135 4. 9 5. D m ODP = m OAP = 90 .
6. C The sum of the measures of interior angles of
quadrilateral is 360. Therefore,
Section 19-2 m AOD + m ODP + m OAP + m P = 360 .
1. 6 2. 81 3. 32 4. B 5. D m AOD + 90 + 90 + 45 = 360 Substitution
m AOD + 225 = 360 Simplify.
Section 19-3 m AOD = 135
1. 48 2. 24 3. 90 4. 32 5. D
6. B 4. 9
Tangents to a circle from the same exterior point
Section 19-4 are congruent. Therefore,
1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B PD = PA = 9 .
Section 19-5 5. D
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. 14
Q 6
A
Chapter 19 Practice Test
12
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B C
1 O P
6. D 7. A 8. C 9. 10. 20
3
B
9.5
R

Answers and Explanations Since tangents to a circle from the same exterior
point are congruent, QA = QC = 6 , PA = PB = 12 ,
Section 19-1 and RB = RC = 9.5 . Therefore,
Perimeter of PQR = 2(6 + 12 + 9.5) = 55
1. 38
B 6. C
C A

52 O
O 9
R
10 16
E
D 45 Q
P
P
OR = OP = 10 In a all radii are .
PD OD Tangent to a is to radius. OQ = OR + RQ Segment Addition Postulate
m ODE = 90 A right measures 90. = 10 + 16 = 26
m ODC = 90 − 52 PQ 2 + OP 2 = OQ 2 Pythagorean Theorem
= 38 2 2 2
PQ + 10 = 26 Substitution
2 2 2
2. 38 PQ = 26 − 10 = 576
OC = OD In a all radii are . PQ = 576 = 24
m OCD = m ODC Isosceles Triangle Theorem
= 38
322 Chapter 19

Section 19-2 1 1
m AOC = m BOC = m AOB = (120) = 60 .
2 2
1. 6
BOC is a 30 -60 -90 triangle.
A
In a 30 -60 -90 triangle, the hypotenuse is twice
as long as the shorter leg and the longer leg is 3
times as long as the shorter leg.
1 1
40 OC = OB = (8) = 4
O 27 B 2 2
BC = 3 ⋅ OC = 4 3
m AOB AB = 2 BC = 2 × 4 3 = 8 3
Length of arc AB = 2 r ⋅
360
40 5. D
= 2 (27) ⋅ =6
360
Thus, k = 6 .
O
2. 81
m AOB R
Area of sector OAB = r 2 ⋅ 30
360 P Q
T
2 40
= (27) ⋅ = 81 Let T be a point of tangency. Then PQ OT ,
360
Thus, n = 81 . because a line tangent to a circle is to the
radius at the point of tangency.
3. 32 OQT is a 30 -60 -90 triangle.
8 7
A OT = OR = 8 In a all radii are .
6
In a 30 -60 -90 triangle, the hypotenuse is twice
a 5 as long as the shorter leg. Therefore,
OQ = 2OT = 2(8) = 16
4
O B QR = OQ − OR = 16 − 8 = 8

The length of arc AB = 8 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 4 = 30

In a circle, the lengths of the arcs are proportional Section 19-3
to the degree measures of the corresponding arcs.
length of arc AB 8 1. 48
Therefore, = .
120 a C
z
100 D
30 8
= Substitution 48
120 a y
x
30a = 120 × 8 Cross Products A B
a = 32 O
w
4. B
C The measure of a minor arc is the measure
A B
of its central angle. Therefore, y = 48 .
8
O 2. 24
The measure of an inscribed angle is half the
measure of its intercepted arc.
Draw OC perpendicular to AB . Since AOB 1
Therefore, x = (48) = 24 .
is an isosceles triangle, OC bisects AOB . 2
Answers and Explanations 323

3. 90 If a diameter is to a chord, it bisects the

chord and its arc. Therefore,
An angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle.
Therefore, w = 90 . 1 1
PS = PR = (24) = 12 .
2 2
4. 32 The radius of the circle is 13, thus OP = OQ = 13 .
The measure of a semicircle is 180, thus Draw OP .
m ACB = 180 . OS 2 + PS 2 = OP 2 Pythagorean Theorem
The measure of an arc formed by two adjacent arcs
OS 2 + 122 = 132 Substitution
is the sum of the measure of the two arcs, thus
OS 2 = 132 − 122 = 25
m ACB = m AC + mCD + mDB
180 = 100 + z + 48 Substitution OS = 25 = 5
180 = 148 + z Simplify. QS = OQ − OS
32 = z = 13 − 5
=8
5. D
2. C
y
Q R R S
x M
70
O
80 75
Q
P S
N
P
If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, its Draw OS and OQ .
opposite angles are supplementary. Therefore,
If a diameter is to a chord, it bisects the
x + 80 = 180 . chord and its arc. Therefore,
x = 100
1 1
MS = RS = (6) = 3 and PQ = 2 NQ .
6. B 2 2
OS 2 = MS 2 + OM 2 Pythagorean Theorem
The measure of an inscribed angle is half the
measure of its intercepted arc. Therefore, OS 2 = 32 + 52 Substitution
1 OS 2 = 34
m RSP = (mPQ + mQR) .
2 OS = 34
1 OQ = OS = 34 In a all radii are .
75 = (70 + y ) Substitution
2 2
OQ = ON + NQ2 2
Pythagorean Theorem
1
2 ⋅ 75 = 2 ⋅ (70 + y ) Multiply each side by 2. 2
2 ( 34) = 42 + NQ 2 Substitution
150 = 70 + y Simplify. 34 = 16 + NQ 2

80 = y
18 = NQ 2
NQ = 18 = 3 2
Section 19-4 PQ = 2 NQ = 2(3 2) = 6 2
1. C
3. A
P

P O
O Q
R
S
Q R
324 Chapter 19

Area of the circle = r 2 = 9 . 2. C

2
⇒ r =9 ⇒ r =3 Use the distance formula to find the radius.
Therefore, OP = OQ = 3 .
r = ( x2 − x1 ) 2 + ( y2 − y1 ) 2 ( x1 , y1 ) = (−2,0)
OR 2 + PR 2 = OP 2 Pythagorean Theorem
3 3
OR 2 + ( 5) 2 = 32 ( x2 , y2 ) = (0, )
Substitution = (0 − (−2)) 2 + ( − 0) 2 2
2
OR 2 + 5 = 9 Simplify.
9
OR 2 = 9 − 5 = 4 = 4+ Simplify.
4
OR = 4 = 2
QR = OQ − OR = 3 − 2 = 1 16 9 25
= + =
4 4 4
4. B Therefore, the equation of the circle is
A C B 25 2
( x − (−2)) 2 + ( y − 0) 2 = ( ) .
4
Choice C is correct.
O
3. A

x 2 + 12 x + y 2 − 4 y + 15 = 0
Draw OA and OB . Draw OC to AB .
Isolate the constant onto one side.
OC is the distance between the chord and
the diameter. x 2 + 12 x + y 2 − 4 y = −15
1 1 1 1
BC = AB = (18) = 9 Add (12 ⋅ ) 2 = 36 and (−4 ⋅ ) 2 = 4 to each side.
2 2 2 2
OC 2 + BC 2 = OB 2 Pythagorean Theorem ( x 2 + 12 x + 36) + ( y 2 − 4 y + 4) = −15 + 36 + 4
OC 2 + 92 = 122 Substitution Complete the square.
OC 2 = 122 − 92 = 63 ( x + 6) 2 + ( y − 2) 2 = 25
OC = 63 The center of the circle is (−6, 2) and the radius
= 9⋅ 7 is 25 , or 5.
=3 7
4. B
The center of the circle is the midpoint of the
Section 19-5 diameter. Use the midpoint formula to find the
center of the circle.
1. D x + x y + y2
y (h, k ) = ( 1 2 , 1 )
2 2
−8 + 2 4 + (−6)
=( , ) = (−3, −1)
2 2
(5, 2)
The radius is half the distance of the diameter.
Use the distance formula to find the diameter.
x
O d = (2 − (−8)) 2 + (−6 − 4) 2 = 100 + 100
= 200 = 100 ⋅ 2 = 10 2
1 1
The equation of a circle with center (h, k ) and r = d = (10 2) = 5 2
2 2
radius r is ( x − h) 2 + ( y − k ) 2 = r 2 . Therefore, the equation of the circle is
The center of the circle shown above is (5, 2) ( x − (−3)) 2 + ( y − (−1)) 2 = (5 2) 2 , or
and the radius is 4. Therefore, the equation of
the circle is ( x − 5) 2 + ( y − 2) 2 = 42 . ( x + 3) 2 + ( y + 1) 2 = 50 .
Answers and Explanations 325

5. 14 diameter, which is given as 2 7 .

2 2
x + 2x + y − 4 y − 9 = 0 OR 2 = RT 2 + OT 2 Pythagorean Theorem
Isolate the constant onto one side. 3
r 2 = ( r ) 2 + (2 7) 2 Substitution
x2 + 2 x + y 2 − 4 y = 9 4
9
1 1 r 2 = r 2 + 28 Simplify.
Add (2 ⋅ ) 2 = 1 and (−4 ⋅ ) 2 = 4 to each side. 16
2 2
9
( x 2 + 2 x + 1) + ( y 2 − 4 y + 4) = 9 + 1 + 4 r − r 2 = 28
2
16
Complete the square.
7 2
( x + 1) 2 + ( y − 2) 2 = 14 r = 28
16
The radius of the circle is 14 . 16 7 2 16
Area of the circle is r 2 = ( 14) 2 = 14 . ⋅ r = ⋅ 28
7 16 7
Therefore, k = 14 . r 2 = 64
r = 64 = 8
Chapter 19 Practice Test
3. A
1. B y

An angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle. x

Therefore, ACB = 90 . O
So, ABC is a 30 -60 -90 triangle. (−4, −3)

In a 30 -60 -90 triangle, the hypotenuse is twice

as long as the shorter leg and the longer leg is 3
times as long as the shorter leg.
If the center of the circle is (−4, −3) and the circle
AC = 3BC
is tangent to the x- axis, the radius is 3.
4 3 = 3BC AC = 4 3
4 = BC The equation is ( x − (−4)) 2 + ( y − (−3)) 2 = 32 ,
AB = 2 BC = 2(4) = 8 or ( x + 4) 2 + ( y + 3) 2 = 9 .
Therefore, the radius of circle O is 4.
Area of circle O = (4) 2 = 16 4. D
a+2
a+3
2. C a +1
Q
a+4
R a
x
O
T O
The arc length of the semicircle is
(a + 4) + (a + 3) + (a + 2) + (a + 1) + a = 5a + 10 .
S In a circle, the lengths of the arcs are proportional
P
to the degree measures of the corresponding arcs.
Draw OR and OT as shown above. Let the radius arc length of semicircle a + 4
Therefore, = .
of the circle be r , then OQ = OR = r. 180 x
Since the ratio of RS to QP is 3 to 4, the ratio 5a + 10 a + 4
= Substitution
of RT to OQ is also 3 to 4. 180 42
42(5a + 10) = 180(a + 4) Cross Products
3 3
Therefore, RT = OQ = r . 210a + 420 = 180a + 720
4 4
30a = 300
OT is the distance between the chord and the
a = 10
326 Chapter 19

5. B OP 2 + 7 2 = 92 Substitution
m AOB
Length of arc AB = 2 r ⋅ OP 2 = 92 − 7 2 = 32
360
OP = 32 = 16 ⋅ 2 = 4 2
36 r
= 2 r⋅ = Area of rectangle OPQR = OP × PQ
360 5
Since the length of the arc is given as , = 4 2 × 7 = 28 2
r
= . Solving the equation for r gives r = 5 .
5 1
9.
m AOB 3
Area of sector AOB = r 2 ⋅
360 m AOB
Area of sector AOB = r 2 ⋅
36 5 360
= (5) 2 ⋅ = The area of a sector is the fractional part of the
360 2
area of a circle. The area of a sector formed by
6. D 2 2 /3 1
radians of arc is , or , of the area
3 2 3
x 2 − 4 x + y 2 − 6 x − 17 = 0 of the circle.
x 2 − 4 x + y 2 − 6 x = 17
10. 20
1
To complete the square, add (−4 ⋅ ) 2 = 4 and The distance the wheel travels in 1 minute is
2
1 2 equal to the product of the circumference of the
(−6 ⋅ ) = 9 to each side. wheel and the number of revolutions per minute.
2 The distance the wheel travels in 1 minute
x − 4 x + 4 + y 2 − 6 x + 9 = 17 + 4 + 9
2
= 2 r × the number of revolutions per minute
( x − 2) 2 + ( y − 3) 2 = 30 = 2 (2.2 ft) × 400 = 1, 760 ft
The radius of the circle is 30 , the area of the Total distance traveled in 1 hour
= 1, 760 ft × 60 = 105, 600 ft
circle is ( 30) 2 = 30
1 mile
= 105, 600 ft × = 20 miles
7. A 5, 280 ft
Thus, k = 20 .
If the diameter of the circle is 8 units, the radius
of the circle is 4 units. Since the radius of the
circle is 4 units, the y - coordinate of the center
has to be 4 units above or below y = 2 .
The y - coordinate of the center has to be either
6 or −2 . Among the answer choices, only
choice A has −2 as the y - coordinate.
No other answer choice has 6 or −2 as the
y - coordinate of the center.
Choice A is correct.

8. C

P Q

O R
Draw OQ . Since OQ is a radius, OQ = 9 .
OP 2 + PQ 2 = OQ 2 Pythagorean Theorem