AMITY INSTITUTE OF PSYCHOLOGY AND

ALLIED SCIENCES
STRESS

TERM PAPER -1 (FOR NTCC)

Submitted as a partial fulfillment for the degree
Of
B.A (H) Applied psychology
AMITY INSTITUTE OF PSYCHOLOGY AND ALLIED
SCIENCES
Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida
2020

 Submitted by
YASHICA BATRA
ENROLLMENT NO. A1506920342
B.A (H) APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY

 SUPERVISOR
Dr. Rajat Kanti Mitra
Professor
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank the people who helped and supported me during the completion of

This paper. This major Venture would not been possible without the steady back and support

Of Prof. (Dr.) Ranjana Bhatia. The completion of this paper would have not been possible

Without Constant support of her. I share my deep gratitude for my Guide Dr. Rajat kanti Mitra

Who provided all the necessary information related to my project and helped me to

Correct my mistakes. I express my much obliged to ma’am for letting me complete my paper

On the topic “STRESS’ I would like to thank my institution and my classmates without whom

This project would have been an incomplete venture. I also extend my thanks to my family

And friends.

YASHICA BATRA

B.A (H) Applied psychology

1st semester

A1506929342

CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION

 AIM

 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION

 REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

STRESS

According to NCERT: Stress is defined as “The pattern of responses an organism makes to

stimulus event that disturbs the equilibrium and exceeds a person’s ability to cope”.
Each and every person take stress in a different manner and some people take stress in Positive
manner and some in a negative manner. The people taking it as positive think that it only helps
them to complete their respective work or provides them motivation but in negative Manner it
only gives tension to people. Many people suffer anxiety issues due to stress. If Stress is not
handled at the appropriate time it can create problems in the future. The two type of stress are
EUSTRESS: The stress which is good for health and DISTRESS: The stress which is not good
for health.

Types of stress:

 Physical and environmental stress: Physical stress is the stress which changes an
individual’s bodily pattern. For eg.not getting enough sleep etc.
Environmental stress is the stress which is provided by our surroundings. For e.g. noise
pollution etc.
 Psychological stress: It is the type of stress which people create in their minds. It is
present within an individual. it has four types;
 o Frustration: when an individual is not able to achieve a respected goal he/she
becomes frustrated.
o Conflicts: Conflicts happen between two or more needs. For e.g. whether to
choose dance or music.
o Internal pressure: It is the pressure or expectation that arises within oneself.
o Social pressure: It is the pressure or expectation that is given by friends or family
to an individual when they make excessive demands on the individual.Eg.Broken
relationships.
 Social stress: It is the stress that is caused due to interaction with other people. For e.g.
Death in family etc.

Sources of stress:

 Life events: Many life events can cause stress as they disturb the daily routine of an
individual. For e.g. moving into a new place.

 Hassles: The stress which is caused due to daily happening in an individual’s life. It is
noticed that if people take more stress due to hassles, their psychological well-being
becomes poorer day by day. For e.g. Noise pollution etc.

 Traumatic events: The events which cause stress in one’s life are called traumatic events.
The effects of these events mainly occur after the incident had happen. Sometimes if the
individual is not able to cope up after the incident he/she is provided with professional
help like counseling. For e.g., robbery etc.

Effects of stress:

The effects of stress on an individual are of four types.

Physiological effect of stress causes change in a person’s body. Some changes include like
change in heart rate, blood pressure. The adrenaline production increases. It affects the
digestive system by slowering it down and in expansion of air passages. The second effect of
stress is Emotional effect in which a person has constant mood swings. The person starts
showing erratic behavior. People often start losing their confidence which can also lead to
some emotional problems. It also can lead to depression and anxiety. The third effect of
stress is Behavioral effect in which a person’s behavior towards everything changes. He/she
starts consuming less food; there is a change in the performance of the individual. Person
sometime start consuming alcohol and the sleeping pattern of the individual changes etc. The
fourth effect of stress is Cognitive effect which result in poor decision making of a person.
Individuals normally face poor concentration during a work and not able to focus properly.
People normally have a short term memory due to this effect.

Coping with stress:

There are some coping strategies for stress which are helpful in reducing stress. Some of
them are:

Task oriented strategy, Emotion oriented strategy, and Avoidance oriented strategy by
Endler and parker. Task oriented strategy-It is the strategy in which an individual obtains
information about the stressful situation and think about its possible outcomes. It helps the
person to directly deal with situation.Eg.planning for exam. Emotion oriented strategy-It is
the strategy which helps a person to maintain hope and control one’s emotions. It involves
mainly venting out one’s anger and frustration. For eg.when a person thinks what he/she is
going to do. Avoidance oriented strategy-It is the strategy which helps to minimize or deny
the seriousness of a particular situation. It helps to avoid the stressful thoughts that come
during the situation. For e.g. going for walk instead of studying.
Problem focused and Emotion focused by Lazarus and folk man. Problem focused helps to
reduce the impact of an event. It helps to increase person’s knowledge and awareness about
the stressful situation. For e.g. person made a plan and followed it. Emotion focused helps to
control one’s emotion so that it can limit the degree of disruption.

Examination stress

Examination stress is the stress which normally occurs before, during, and after the
examination. People normally feel uneasiness and feel tension during this time. It can
sometime help an individual to stay focus on the respective goal. Sometimes high stress can
also interfere in the student’s preparation for their exam. Stress in students before the
examination is commonly seen. Students before exam fear about the questions that they will
be getting, during the examination they fear about whether the answers they are writing are
correct or not and after the examination the main stress is about the results. When this stress
becomes excessive, the student faces many problems like their mental health starts having
problem. Examination stress can be handled properly as student can follow time management
technique, support from their peers and family etc. The pressure to perform well in exam
makes the environment negative for the student but it can be changed if things are handled
properly.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES;

AIM: To study effects of stress on examination

OBJECTIVES:

 To study what is stress and how it can affects a child’s performance in exam
 To study how stress can be managed
 To see that stress can be negative or positive
 Review of literature

Sibnath Deb, Esben Strodl, and Jiandong Sun (2012)

: There research was about the academic stress faced by the students of private secondary
schools in India. The main purpose of this study was to see the effect of academic stress and
examination anxiety among the students as well as their associations with study related factors.
There were 400 students as participants (52 male) from private secondary school in Kolkata
studying in class 10th and 12th.The selection of participants was done by multi stage sampling
technique and by a study questionnaire. The finding of this resulted that 35 and 37 percent of
students reported high level of examination stress and examination anxiety. The students who
didn’t score well in examinations did show more stress than the students scoring higher grades.

Rajasekar (2013):

This research stated the impact of academic stress on management students of AMET
University. There are various stress management techniques which help and individual to deal
with the psychological stress. Each and every student have a different goal and purpose in their
life which they want to fulfill and can be fulfilled if the students are integrated with institution.
The purpose of this study was to only find out about the level of stress. Sources of stress and
some stress management techniques for the management students.Varoius criteria like
psychological, physiological, environmental etc. were taken into study. The sample was filled
nearly by 100 students of AMET UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI. The data was collected through
structured questionnaire.

Marwan Zaid Bataneih: (2013)

This research showed the effect of academic stress on the undergraduate students of the King
Saud University. Total 232 students participated in this and a questionnaire was given to the
students during the lecture time. The data was analyzed by using different techniques. The results
showed that exam pressure, high family expectation. Low motivation, not enough time to study,
etc. were moderate stress among students .The main reason of stress found in undergraduate
students was the fear of failure.

Hamza A.Abdulghani, Abdulaziz A.Alkanhal, Ebrahim S. Mahmoud (2011)

As we can say that medical subject is not an easy subject to study. This research is about the
examination stress faced by the medical students. It was done on the students of the king Saud
University from one to five year level medical students. It was conducted using the Kessler 10
psychological test which helps to measure stress as mild, moderate or severe. The criteria under
taken for this was gender, attendance, completed assignments, exams etc. The response rate
among the study subjects was 87% with the total strength of 892. The total prevalence of stress
was 63%, and the prevalence of severe stress was 25%. The prevalence of stress was higher
(p<0.5) among females (75.7%) than among males (57%).The stress normally decreased as
compared to previous year. The level of stress was higher in the first three years and among
female students. All the physical problems were attached to high level of stress.

Antonio Crego PhD, Maria Carillo Diaz PHD (2016)

Examination stress sometimes can also negatively affect a child’s performance. This study
analyses the effect of stress on examination on dental students and some of the coping strategies
to help them. An online survey was conducted for undergraduate dental students in Madrid;
Spain.201 students participated in this survey. It was found that students facing high examination
stress normally have low grades. It was seen as those students who perceived themselves good in
studies reported better grades. When the right coping strategies are used in right manner helps to
reduce stress for dental students.

Raimundo Jimenez (2018)

Intraocular pressure (IOP) has been examined as a potential target record of mental stressors.
Here, we evaluated the impact of examination stress on IOP in 33 college understudies. A
rehashed measures configuration was utilized with two trial conditions and two purposes of
estimations. Likewise, the cardiovascular reaction, abstract apparent pressure, just as determined
visual perfusion weight and blood-beat pressure was resolved. . A comparable example was
found for the cardiovascular records (diastolic and systolic circulatory strain, and pulse), and
these discoveries were supported by emotional reports. Our information joins proof
corresponding to the utility of IOP as a target marker of assessment stress, and it might help in
the appraisal and the executives of stress in applied situations.

Matthias Unhamper (2014)

Examination stress also sometimes destroys a person’s sleeping pattern. We utilized the
Pittsburgh Rest Quality File (PSQI) to overview rest quality previously, during, and after an
exam in 150 college understudies in a longitudinal poll study. Self-reports of liquor, caffeine,
and nicotine utilization were gotten. The Apparent Pressure Poll (PSQ-20) was utilized as a
proportion of pressure. Rest quality and liquor utilization altogether diminished, while saw
pressure and caffeine utilization essentially expanded during the test time. Specifically,
understudies abbreviated their time in bed and indicated manifestations of a sleeping disorder. T.
Nicotine utilization had a little too little impact on rest quality; saw pressure had a little to-direct
impact. Taking everything into account, reduced rest quality during test periods was chiefly
anticipated by seen pressure.

Dalia Bedewy, Adel Gabriel (2018)

The improvement of a scale to gauge apparent wellsprings of examination, pressure among

college student. In light of observational proof and ongoing writing audit, we built up an 18-
thing scale to gauge impression of scholarly pressure and its sources. Specialists (n = 12) took an
interest in the substance approval cycle of the instrument before it was regulated to (n = 100)
understudies. The created instrument has interior consistency dependability of 0.7, there was
proof for content legitimacy, and factor examination brought about four related and
hypothetically important components. We created and tried a scale to quantify scholarly pressure
and its sources. This scale takes 5 minutes to finish

Megan Oaten, Ken chang (2020)

In this research it can be seen that effects of stress on examination can impair a child’s self-
control. An exam stress group of students were assessed during commencement of
exams.Aquestionaire was given in which perceived stress and emotional stress was assessed. It
was noticed that during exam period students normally report increase in perceived and
emotional stress they also reported an increase in smoking and caffeine consumption; a decrease
in healthy eating, emotional control, frequency and duration of physical activity, maintenance of
household chores and self–care habits, attendance to commitments, and monitoring of spending;
and a deterioration in sleep patterns .

C.A soan (2019)

This research is about the stress of exam on students of u.k which have to give an exam of
GCSE’S and pressured to achieve high grades which affect their wellbeing. The school staff
fully supports the students but there is a chance that students are negatively affected by it and not
able to perform good in exams due to stress. This study aim was to see how students were
affected by the stress of performing well in the exams .Finding and conclusions provided a way
to lower the level of stress faced by students during exam and not affect their performance and
well-being.

David Carneiro, Paulo Novais (2015)

In this research it is shown effects of stress on examination using Mouse Dynamics. Stress is a
profoundly mind boggling, abstract and multidimensional wonder. In this paper we propose a
methodology, in light of mouse elements, to survey the degree of stress of understudies during
on the web tests. Results show that mouse elements change in a steady way as pressure gets
comfortable, considering its assessment from the examination of the mouse use. This
methodology will permit to see how every individual understudy is influenced by pressure,
giving extra important data to instructive organizations to proficiently adjust and improve their
educating measures.

Nur Hamizah Ramli, Masoumeh Alavi (2018)

Scholarly pressure is the most widely recognized enthusiastic or mental express that understudies
insight during their examinations. Stress is a consequence of a wide scope of issues, including
test and test trouble, a requesting course, an alternate instructive framework, and contemplating
tentative arrangements upon graduation. The current examination means to research the impact
of examination stress, self-guideline, and care among college understudies in Klang Valley,
Malaysia, and to distinguish care as the middle person between scholastic pressure and self-
guideline. For this examination, an aggregate of 384 college understudies in Klang Valley,
Malaysia were enlisted. Utilizing Correlational investigation, results uncovered that there was a
critical connection between scholastic pressure, self-guideline, and mindfulness

K.Jayasankara, Karishma Rajan Menon (2018)

Stress has become part of understudies' scholarly life due to the different interior and outer
desires set upon their shoulders. Teenagers are especially defenseless against the issues related
with scholastic pressure as advances happen at an individual and social level. The investigation
utilized a quantitative examination plan where members were screened utilizing Academic Stress
Scale. The five components of sources, for example, individual insufficiency, dread of
disappointment, relational challenges with educators, instructor understudy relationship and
lacking investigation offices were additionally dissected and sexual orientation contrasts were
likewise acquired. Understanding the wellsprings of stress would encourage the improvement of
powerful guiding modules and mediation methodologies by school therapists.

Ruchi Singh, Manish Goyal (2012)

Stress produces determinable mental and physiological reactions in the body. Examinations act
as agent and activate hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis inflicting a rise in Hydrocortone level
that is mirrored in saliva. study was done on thirty five medical students. Their mood parameters
were assessed, victimization Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) scoring, and secretion
Hydrocortone levels victimization quantitative ELISA. Subjects were evaluated for mood
parameters double, one throughout relaxed stats and another throughout stressed stat. The levels
of mood parameters and secretion Hydrocortone were considerably examinations stress. Males
and females showed similar changes in mood parameters. This study suggests that as
examinations act as inescapable stressors, the medical educators furthermore as students ought to
be created awake to the negative consequences of stress moon-faced throughout medical training

Vassiliki Costarelli (2012)

This study is about the effects of stress on examination and how it can affect a person’s eating
pattern too. A group of sixty Greek students have been selected and finished, on two separate
events: a) during an assessment stress period, and b) during a control period, the accompanying
polls: the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ),
the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Body Image
Pictorial Instrument Scale (COLLINS) and an uncommonly planned General Background
Questionnaire. Subjects showed more significant levels of tension and lower levels of
confidence during the assessment stress period contrasted with the control time frame. Confused
eating mentalities were altogether decidedly related with passionate eating. End: Academic
assessment stress appears to increment scattered eating symptomatology in female college
understudies and is related with lower levels of confidence, a significant discovering which
warrants further examination.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

 In this researches we can conclude that stress affects a person overall.

 Stress can disturb the sleeping pattern of an individual, it can change a persons’ eating
pattern etc.

 There are certain methods to control stress as a person can follow time management
technique .Last minute studying should be avoided. Proper intake of food should be there.
Seven hours sleep is mandatory for a person.

 Taking regular short breaks while working helps one relax and concentrate for longer.
One should always set 'realistic' goals in life and never let negative thoughts get into one's
mind. On the day of the exams one should remain calm and stop being nervous.

 Students who take stress in a positive way are more successful in life but people taking it
in a negative way
  We can conclude from the above studies that each and every person faces stress in his/her
life be it related to examination stress. Scholar students too face examination pressure.

 If the stress is not managed effectively, it can be harmful. It can be good too as it helps a
person to be more alert and more energetic and responsible towards completion of the
work.

REFERENCES

Hamza A.Abdulghani, Abdulaziz A.Alkanhal, Ebrahim S. Mahmoud (2011) - Stress and Its
Effects on Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study at a College of Medicine in Saudi Arabia

Antonio Crego PhD, Maria Carillo Diaz PHD (2016) - Stress and Academic Performance in
Dental Students: The Role of Coping Strategies and Examination‐Related Self ‐Efficacy

Raimundo Jimenez (2018) - Effect of examination stress on intraocular pressure in university

students. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2017.10.010

Matthias Unhamper (2014) - Sleep Quality during Exam Stress: The Role of Alcohol, Caffeine
and Nicotine. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109490

Megan Oaten, Ken chang (2020) - Academic Examination Stress Impairs Self–Control. Journal
of Social and Clinical Psychology: Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 254-

C.A soan (2019) - GCSE exam stress: student perceptions of the effects on wellbeing and
performance

Davide Carneiro, Paulo Novais (2015) - Using Mouse Dynamics to Assess Stress during Online
Exams International Conference on Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Systems

HAIS 2015: Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Systems pp 345-356| Cite

Nur Hamizah Ramli, Masoumeh Alavi (2018) - Academic Stress and Self-Regulation among
University Students in Malaysia: Mediator Role of Mindfulness. Behav. Sci. 2018, 8(1), 12;
https://doi.org/10.3390/bs8010012

K.Jayasankara, Karishma Rajan Menon (2018) - Academic stress and its sources among
University students. OI: https://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1404

Ruchi Singh, Manish Goyal (2012) - EFFECT OF EXAMINATION STRESS ON MOOD,

PERFORMANCE

AND CORTISOL LEVELS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS

Vassiliki Costarelli (2012) - Academic examination stress increases disordered eating

symptomatology in female university students. 7, pagese164–e169 (2012)
.