1.

A teacher, after seeing the poor mathematics scores of the class, decides to conduct
special tutoring for the subject. The test consisted of 10 items. She then compares the
before and after scores of ten students, and the results come out as follows:

Before After
7 9
6 10
5 7
4 5
4 7
6 5
7 9
5 6
5 8
7 7

The level of Significance is 0.05. Find whether there is significant difference in the test
scores of the students as a result of the special tutoring or determine whether the
special tutoring was effective or not.

1. Null and Alternative Hypotheses

Null Hypothesis (H0): The ‘before’ mean scores and the ‘after’ mean scores has no
significant difference.
Alternative Hypothesis (H1): The ‘before’ mean scores and the ‘after’ mean scores has
significant difference.

2. Level of Significance, df, and Tabular Value

Level of Significance: 0.05 or 5%

Difference (d)
Before After
(After-Before)
7 9 2
6 10 4
5 7 2
4 5 1
4 7 3
6 5 -1
7 9 2
5 6 1
5 8 3
 7 7 0
3. Formula Solution

α =0.0 5 where α is the level of significance.

Decision Rule: If t is less than -2.2622, or greater than 2.2622, reject the null
hypothesis.

XD
t=
SD
√n
Where:
X D =mean difference
S D=standard deviation
n=sample ¿ ¿

X D=
∑x
n
2+ 4+2+1+3+(−1)+2+1+3+0
X D=
10
17
X D=
10
X D =1.7

Difference (d) 2
(After-Before) x
2 4
4 16
2 4
1 1
3 9
-1 1
2 4
1 1
3 9
0 0
∑ x2 49

√ (∑ x)
2

∑x−
2
n
S D=
n−1
 √
( 17 )2
49−
10
S D=
10−1

√
289
49−
10
S D=
9
S D=
√ 49−28.9
9
S D=
√ 20.1
9
S D= √ 2.23
S D=1.49

XD
t=
SD
√n
1.7
t=
1.49
√10
1.7
t=
1.49
3.16
1.7
t=
0.47
t=3.62

4. Decision

If t is less than -2.2622, or greater than 2.2622, reject the null hypothesis. Our t is
greater than 2.2622. Thus, we reject the null hypothesis.

5. Conclusion

The ‘before’ mean scores and the ‘after’ mean scores has a significant difference.
Hence, the special tutoring session is effective.

2. An assertiveness training course has just been added to the services offered by a
counseling center. To measure its effectiveness, ten students are given a test at the
beginning of the course and again at the end. A high score on the test implies high
assertiveness. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that people are more
assertive after taking the course? Use 0.05 level of significance.
 n Mean S (S.D)
Before 10 53.80 8.75
After 10 58.90 2.99
Mean of the difference = 1.98
S (S.D) of the difference = 6.26

1. Null and Alternative Hypotheses

Null Hypothesis (H0): The ‘before’ mean scores and the ‘after’ mean scores has no
significant difference.
Alternative Hypothesis (H1): The ‘before’ mean scores and the ‘after’ mean scores has
significant difference.

2. Level of Significance, df, and Tabular Value

Level of Significance: 0.05 or 5%

3. Formula Solution

α =0.0 5 where α is the level of significance.

Decision Rule: If t is less than -2.2622, or greater than 2.2622, reject the null
hypothesis.

XD
t=
SD
√n
Where:
X D =mean difference
S D=standard deviation
n=sample ¿ ¿

1.98
t=
6.26
√10
1.98
t=
6.26
3.16
1.98
t=
1.98
t=1

4. Decision

If t is less than -2.2622, or greater than 2.2622, reject the null hypothesis. Our t is not
less than -2.2622, or greater than 2.2622. Thus, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

5. Conclusion

The ‘before’ mean scores and the ‘after’ mean scores has no significant difference.
Hence, the data does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that people are more
assertive after taking the course.