Chapter 1: Whole Numbers

Lesson 2: Addition of Whole Numbers

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

 Visualize the concept of addition;
 Add one- to three- digit numbers; and
 Solve word problems involving addition.

Originally, the Philippines has a total of 7 107 islands. Lately, 534 new islands are added which
makes our total number of islands as 7 641. It means that 7 107 + 534 = 7 641.
In the addition sentence 7 107 + 534 = 7 641, 7 107 and 534 are called addends while 7 641 is
called sum. Addends are the numbers being added while sum is the result in addition.
Addition is the process of putting two or more numbers or things together. For instance, let us
illustrate the following: 3 mangoes added by 4 mangoes total 7 mangoes.

4 3

+
The illustration above clearly shows that to find the total number of mangoes, we can simply
count them from left to write. The addition sentence of would be 4 + 3 = 7.
Another way to illustrate addition is through block model which is shown below.

4 3

Properties of Addition
1. Commutative Property of Addition (CPA) 7
You learned above that 4 + 3 = 7. What would the answer be if we change the order of the
addends into 3 + 4?

3 4

7
It shows that 4 + 3 = 3 + 4 = 7. This is called Commutative Property of Addition. It says that the
order of the addends does affect the sum.
2. Associative property of Addition (APA)
Another property of addition is Associative Property. It says that changing the grouping of the
addends does not affect the sum. For example, the sum of (8 + 7) + 2 is equal to the sum of 8 + (7 +
2).
(8 + 7) + 2 = 8 + (7 + 2)
15 + 2 = 8 + 9
17 = 17

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 3. Identity property of Addition (IPA)
The identity property states that the sum of a number and zero is the same number.

Examples:

8+0=8 0 + 35 = 35 1+0=1
Adding Two- to Three-Digit Numbers
To add two- to three-digit numbers, follow the steps below.
Step 1: Arrange the numbers in Hundred Tens Ones
column so that digits of the same s Place Place Place
place value are aligned. For 7 4
example, let’s find the sum of 74 1 6 2
and 162.

Step 2: Add the digits in the Hundred Tens Ones

ones place, tens place, then the s Place Place Place
hundreds place. 7 4
1 6 2
6

In the tens place, since 7 tens plus 6 tens total 13 tens, then rename 13 tens as 1 hundred and 3
tens; write the 3 tens in the tens digit of the sum and regroup the 1 hundred with the hundreds digits of
the addends, then add.
Hundred Tens Ones
s Place Place
Place 1
7 4
1 6 2
2 3 6
The sum of 74 and 162 is 236.

Teacher’s Notes

 To improve the peed of pupils in

Conduct the activity in groups of five students.
adding one-digit numbers, use of
Find the sum of the following:
flash cards would be very helpful.
1. Number of chairs and tables in the
Be sure to make them available
classroom
for students to practice on
2. Amount of daily allowance of the members
anytime during the day.
of the group
3. Number of members of the families of the members of the group
4. Ages of all members of the group
5. Number of students in all year levels in school

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 A. Speed Test
Answer the following basic addition facts as fast and as accurate as you can.
Time Started: _____ Time Ended: _____
1. 4 + 4 = ___ 11. 10 + 7 = ___ 21. 7 + 6 = ___ 31. 6 + 9 = ___

2. 3 + 5 = ___ 12. 2 + 9 = ___ 22. 5 + 8 = ___ 32. 6 + 7 = ___

3. 7 + 3 = ___ 13. 1 + 6 = ___ 23. 3 + 6 = ___ 33. 4 + 9 = ___

4. 6 + 2 = ___ 14. 5 + 8 = ___ 24. 4 + 7 = ___ 34. 8 + 5 = ___

5. 8 + 2 = ___ 15. 7 + 9 = ___ 25. 9 + 2 = ___ 35. 7 + 5 = ___

6. 9 + 6 = ___ 16. 6 + 8 = ___ 26. 6 + 8 = ___ 36. 8 + 8 = ___

7. 7 + 5 = ___ 17. 3 + 7 = ___ 27. 8 + 9 = ___ 37. 9 + 9 = ___

8. 8 + 4 = ___ 18. 8 + 6 = ___ 28. 4 + 8 = ___ 38. 7 + 7 = ___

9. 6 + 6 = ___ 19. 6 + 8 = ___ 29. 5 + 6 = ___ 39. 6 + 6 = ___

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. 8 + 7 = ___ 20. 6 + 7 = ___ 30. 8 + 3 = ___ 40. 8 + 7 = ___

B. Give the missing addend or sum then identify the property of addition shown in each number.
Write CPA, APA and IPA only.
1. 3 + 9 + 6 = ___ + 9 + 3 _______________
2. (8 + 3) + ___ = 8 + (3 + 6) _______________
3. __ + 8 = 0 _______________
4. 12 + 9 = 9 + ___ _______________
5. 76 + 0 = ___ _______________
C. Solve the following problems.
1. Ryza has 24 marbles. Melba has 8 marbles more than Ryza. How many marbles do the
two girls have in all?
2. At the mall, Karl spent P145 on the first store and P248 in the second store. After which,
he has P120 left. How much money did he start with?
3. Michael and Nicko each picked a number from a box. Nicko’s number is twice as large as
that of Michael’s. The sum of their numbers is 42. What is Nicko’s number?
D. Use the properties of addition to solve the following.
1. 1 + 2 + 3 + … + 9 + 10 =
2. (49 + 63) + 51 =
3. 15 + 38 + 47 + 62 + 53 =
4. 999 + 999 + 999 + 999 + 999
5. 809 + 803 + 806 + 801 + 807 + 804

Read the problem below and answer the questions that follow.
Jonalyn has five discs each with a different counting number printed in one face. However, she
lost three discs and all she can remember is that the sum of the five numbers is 50 and the numbers in
the two remaining discs are 12 and 9.
1. What is the greatest possible value of one of the numbers?
2. What can be the possible values of the three other numbers?