Dec, 5th 2023

English Language
By: Asst. Lect. Maryam Dhafir Raheem
First Grade/ First Course

Jabir Ibn Hayyan for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Simple Tenses
 Present Simple Tense
We use it to talk about :
1- Things in general .
- In Britain most of the shops close at 5: 30 pm .
- I Love my mother .
2- Facts .
- The sun rises from the east .
- Spiders have eight legs .
3- Habit or Routines .
- I get up early in the morning .
- They play tennis every Friday .
4- Permanent situation
- He lives in Paris .
- I work in a bank .
- She is from Iraq .

*Some adverbs are used regularly with present simple : ( always , usually , often ,
never , sometimes , every + noun e. g . every day , every week , every month , etc.)
Example : He plays tennis every Friday .
*Some verbs are used only with simple tenses ( want , like , know , forget , believe ,
hate , love , see , seem , understand , etc.) e.g . I see you .

Types of Sentences
*Affirmative case:
Form 1 : S ( I / They / We / You/ Plural noun ) + base verb + comp.
-I work five days a week.
Form 2 : S ( He/ She/ It/ Singular nouns ) + verb( s , es ) + comp.
-He misses his brother.

I get up early
They
We
You
Plural noun
He Gets early
She up
It
Singular
noun
*Negative case
Forms 1 : S ( I , They , We , You , Plural noun ) + don't + base verb + complement
sentence .
- They don’t have time to waste.
Forms 2 : S ( He , She , It , singular noun ) + doesn't + base verb + comp.
- She doesn’t like pineapples on Pizza.
I don't get up early
They
You
We
Plural noun
He doesn't get up early
She
It
Singular noun

*Interrogative case:
Form 1 : Do + S ( I , They , You , We , Plural noun ) + base verb + comp.
-Do you have a car?
Form 2 : Does + S ( He , She , It , Singular noun ) + base verb + comp.
-Does he play video games?
Do I get up early ?
They
You
We
Plural noun
Does She get up early ?
He
It
Singular noun
Exercise :
1- Children ………… their mothers .( love , loves , loving )
2- She usually ( walk ) in the park . ( correct the verb )
3- We always ( go ) to the restaurant on Friday . ( correct the verb )
4- I have a car ( negative ) .
5- She likes pizza . ( negative )
6- The train leaves at 9 am . ( negative )
7- I speak Spanish . ( negative )
8- She lives in France ( Question )
9- He goes to school every morning ( Question )
10- You know Bilal ( Question )
 Past Simple
The past simple is used to express :
1- An action that has taken place in the past and was completed
- They went to the party yesterday.
- We bought a new car last year.
2- Habits in the past
- When I was young , I watched lots of television every day after school .
- When his father was a boy, he used to work after school.

*There are two types of verbs in the past simple: regular and irregular .
- Regular past simple verbs are those that add either ( d / ed ) to the present tense
form to create the past tense form . For example : work = worked , play = played ,
pass = passed , walk = walked , die = died , etc .
- Irregular past simple verbs are those that don't add ( d , ed ) to the present tense form
to create the past simple form . For example : lose = lost , come = came , have = had ,
do = did , go = went , wear = wore , buy = bought , meet = met , think = thought .

Types of Sentences
*Affirmative case:
S + Verb ( regular ed , irregular ) +comp.
-They played football last Friday .
-I bought a house last year .

*Negative case:
S (I/ you/ we/ they/ he/ she/ it)+ didn't +base verb + comp.
I didn't go to the mall yesterday .
She did it.
* Interrogative case:
Did +S + base verb + comp?
-Did you walk to school yesterday ?
-Did she go home by bus?
Exercise 1 :
1- What's the past tense of the verb " think " ?
2- They …….. read the magazine last night . ( don't , doesn't , didn't ) .
3- We didn't ( has , have , had ) our dinner .
4- What ……. He do last month ? ( do , does , did )
5- She ( meet ) him three weeks ago ( correct the verb )
6- We ( have ) dinner at restaurant last week .
7- I ( lose ) my wallet yesterday .
8- My parents ( come ) to visit me last July .
9- She ( has) a headache yesterday .
10- We ( do ) our homework last night .

Future Simple Tense

It is used to:

1. To predict a future event:

-I'll pay for the tickets by credit card.

2. To express willingness:
-I'll do the washing-up.
-He'll carry your bag for you.

Types of Sentences:

*Affirmative form:

S(I/ you/ they/we/ he/ she/ it)+ will+ base verb+ comp.

-We will meet tomorrow.

*Negative form:
S(I/ you/ they/we/ he/ she/ it)+ will not+ base verb+ comp.

-The baby will not eat his soup.

*Interrogative form

With we in the interrogative form using "shall", to make a suggestion:

With I in the interrogative form using "shall", to ask for advice or instructions:
- Shall I tell the boss about this money?

With you, to give an invitation:

*Interrogative Negative: It is used to ask for information about something that is not
true or does not exist.
Will not+ S + base verb?
-won’t you see?
-won’t she ask?

Exercises:
1. I ……… (help) you with your work. Affirmative form in the future simple

2. We will catch him. (interrogative negative)

3. Liam will leave tomorrow. (negative form)