KENDRIYA VIDYALAY SANGATHAN / केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन

2ND Pre-board Examination-2022-23/द्वितीय प्री-बोर्ड परीक्षा-2022-23

CLASS-X /कक्षा 10
SUBJECT- SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) / विषय- सामाजिक विज्ञान (087)
MARKING SCHEME
SET-1
1 C. The Treaty of Constantinople 1
2 (a) They left the plantations and headed home 1
3 (c) Injustices of caste system 1
4 (b) Britain 1
5 (b) Development should take place without damaging the environment. 1
6 B) Family involved in growing crops 1
7 (d) Jawaharlal Nehru 1
8 C. Provinces autonomy was given to Tamils 1
9 c) Both 1
10 (B) both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A). 1
11 c. Reservation for election to 1/3 of the seats for women 1
12 B. Several parties join hands for contesting elections 1
13 C .1.b), 2.d), 3. a), 4. c) 1
14 D. Expansion of roads in the city - good for reducing traffic congestion. 1
15 B. Income per person 1
16 C. Carpenter – Primary sector 1
17 (a) inability to repay credit amount 1
18 (b) Government owns the assets 1
19 (iii) Tax on import 1
20 C. Globalization 1
21 (i) The Bourbon dynasty was returned to power. (ii) Under Napoleon, France lost the territories it had 2
acquired. (iii) To prevent further French expansion, a series of nations were established along France's
borders.
22 • It has been the efforts of social reformers that people have realised the caste based differences 2
had no logic.
• The economic development, large scale urbanisation and occupational mobility has further
erased the caste barriers.
• Spread of literacy and education has also played a great role in upgrading the beliefs and
ideologies of the people.
23 • Minerals have to be used in a planned and sustainable manner. 2
• Improved technologies should be evolved to make use of low grade ores at low costs.
• Recycling of metals, using scrap metals and other substitutes would help in the conservation of
minerals
OR
Importance of petroleum
• It provides fuel for heating and lighting.
• It provides lubricants for machinery and raw materials for many manufacturing industries.
• Petroleum refineries act as a ‘nodal industry’ for synthetic textiles, fertiliser and chemical
industries. (any two)
24 Modern forms of money include paper notes and coins. 2
25 • In Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramchandra. Here, the movement was against talukdars, 3
who charged high rents and peasants had to do begar.
• The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue and abolition of begar. By the end of
1920, Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra and others had formed Oudh Kisan Sabha.
 • Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Gandhiji and idea of swaraj in their own way. In
Gudem Hills in Andhra Pradesh, a militant guerrilla movement was organised against colonial oppression
under the leadership of Alluri Sitaram Raju. He was inspired by the Non-Cooperation Movement.
• The movement also spread among the plantation workers in Assam. They were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission.
OR
The Non-Cooperation Movement slowed down in the cities for various reasons.
• Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass-produced mill cloth and poor people could not
afford to buy it. So people could not boycott mill cloth for very long.
• Similarly boycotting British institutions also posed a problem as there were no alternative national
institutions to fulfil the educational needs.
• The students and teachers trickled to government schools. The lawyers joined government courts.
With all these, the enthusiasm of people in the cities lost its force.

26 • No country can survive without international trade because resources are space bound. 3
• Advancement of international trade of a country leads to its economic prosperity because such a
trade provides so many jobs to workers as well as business to traders.
• It is through international trade that we earn much of our foreign exchange which is required for
importing many essential goods.
Foreign trade helps in transfer of technology.
• International trade gives rise to competition. Domestic producers make their production process
efficient to meet the international standards and thus, are able to compete.
27 Advantages of globalisation for consumers: 3
• They have greater choice.
• Better quality of products are available for consumption due to competition.
• It has reduced the cost of goods and services considerably.
Advantages of globalisation to producers:
• They now have access to international markets for their products.
• They have easier access to foreign investment to enhance their production, Collaboration with
MNCs have added up their performance and profits.
28 A democratic government is a better government because it is an accountable form of 3
government.
Democracy improves the quality of decision making.
Democracy provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts. Democracy enhances the dignity of
citizens.
29 The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units, which are largely outside the control 3
of the government.
• There are rules and regulations but these are not followed.
• Jobs here are low-paid and often not regular.
• The condition of workers in unorganized sector is not good or stable.
• There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness, etc.
• Employment is not secure.
• A lot also depend on the whims of the employer.
• This sector includes a large number of people who are employed on their own, doing small jobs
such as selling things on the street or doing repair work.
30 The measures and practices introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective 5
identity among the French people were as follows.
• The idea of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the idea of united
people enjoying equal rights under a constitution.
• A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard.
• The Estates General was elected by the active citizens and renamed the National Assembly.
• New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated in the name of nation.
• Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the
common language of the nation.
 • A centralised administrative system was put in practice and it formulated uniform laws for all
citizens within its territory.
• Internal customs duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures
was adopted.

OR
The circumstances responsible for the formation of G-77 were as follows.
• After the Second World War, most colonies in Asia and Africa emerged as free and independent
nations. They were however overburdened with poverty and lack of resources because of long period of
colonial rule.
• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank, set up to finance post-war
reconstitution, helped only the industrial countries. They were not equipped to meet the challenges of
poverty of developing countries. ,
• In order to remove poverty, newly-independent countries came under the guidance of
international financial institutions dominated by former colonial masters.
• Colonial powers still controlled vital resources of newly-independent nations.
• The newly-independent nations felt that they are not benefiting from thegrowth of western
economics and international financial institutions as they should.Therefore, these countries organised
themselves to form G-77 or the Group of 77.
31 Industries pollute the environment in many ways. They cause pollution in four 5
ways-air, water, land and noise.
• Water pollution is caused by the discharge of industrial effluents into the water bodies with
treating it.
• Dumping of wastes, harmful chemicals and industrial effluents e.g. packaging, and garbage makes
soil useless. It also results in contamination of groundwater through seepage of rainwater.
• Air pollution is caused by release of undesirable gases and smoke like sulphur dioxide, carbon
monoxide, air-borne particulate materials like dust, sprays, mist and smoke. Smoke is emitted from paper
mills, burning of fossil fuels, smelting plants etc.
• Factory equipments, generators, saws cause noise pollution.
• Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained
into rivers and ponds before cooling.
OR
Manufacturing sector refers to the secondary sector of the economy which deals with production of
goods in large quantities with the help of machines, where raw materials are transformed into more
valuable products. Manufacturing is considered as the backbone of economic development because:
• Manufacturing has contributed to modernisation of agriculture and reduced the dependency on
agriculture by providing jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
• It has helped in reducing the poverty and unemployment and aimed at reducing the regional
disparities by setting up of industries in rural, backward and tribal areas.
• Export of industrial goods contributed to valuable foreign exchange earnings.
• It has added value to raw materials by converting them into finished goods.
• The prosperity of a nation depends upon the development and diversification of manufacturing.
Thus, it has not only made India self-sufficient but more competitive in terms of international market.
• It brings down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
• Industry sector contributes substantially to GDP.
32 The following are the various functions political parties perform in a democracy. 5
• Contest elections: Parties contest elections. In countries like India, top party leaders choose
candidates for contesting elections.
• Put forward policies and programmes: Parties put forward different policies and programmes and
voters choose from them. Political parties accommodate different views and opinions.
• Play an important role in making laws: Political parties play a decisive role in making laws for a
country. Formally, laws are debated and passed in the legislature, but since most of the members belong
to a party, they go by the direction of the party leadership, irrespective of their personal opinions.
 • Form and run government: To run the government, political parties prepare a council of ministers
by recruiting and training the leaders.
• Provide access to government machinery and welfare schemes: Political parties provide people
access to government machinery and welfare schemes implemented by governments. For an ordinary
citizen, it is easy to approach a local party leader than a government officer.
• Play the role of position: The party which loses election plays the role of opposition. Opposition
party tries to put checks on the ruling party by constantly criticizing its policies.
• Shape public opinion: One of the most important functions of political parties is that they shape
public opinion on relevant issues for the proper functioning of the government and to deepen the concept
of democracy
OR
•
Regulation of party’s internal affairs: A law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political
parties. It should be made compulsory for political parties to maintain a register of their members, to
follow their own constitution, to have an independent authority, etc.
• State funding: There should be state funding of elections. The government should give money to
parties to support their election expenses to avoid corruption.
• Pressure of public opinion: Political parties can be reformed if people put pressure on them. This
can be done through petitions, propaganda and agitations. Pressure groups and media play an important
role in this.
• Ban on political parties based on religion and caste: The Election Commission should ban the
political parties which are formed on the basis of religion and caste.
• Ensure women participation: It should be made mandatory for all political parties to allot
one-third of the tickets to women to ensure their decisive voice in decision making. If the
above-mentioned suggestions are taken into consideration, it can be ensured that these could lead to
some improvement in the working of the political parties.
33 Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for a country’s development because: 5
• More lending would lead to higher incomes and encourage people to invest in agriculture,
engage in business and set up small industries.
• Cheap credit will enable more investment. This leads to acceleration of economic activity.
• Cheap credit would also allow weaker sections of society to access formal sector of lending and
get rid of from informal moneylenders.
• Affordable credit would also end the cycle of debt trap.
• Cheap and easy terms of credit would inspire better investment in technology and thus increase
competition.
OR
Banks and cooperatives should extend their lending activities in rural areas because:
• Rural poor and farmers have to borrow money from moneylenders at a very high rate of interest.
Therefore, the cost to the borrowing is very high.
• A large part of the earnings of borrower is used to repay the loans. Hence, they have less income.
• Sometimes, a higher rate of lending means that the amount to be repaid is more than the
earnings of the borrower.
• To save the people from the clutches and exploitation by the moneylenders, it is necessary for the
banks and co-operatives to extend their lending activies.
• It would lead to higher incomes and improve the condition of the rural poor.
• People can also start a business or set up a small scale industry
34 i) an enormous increase in population all over Europe. In most countries there were more seekers of jobs 4
than employment. Population from rural areas migrated to the cities to live in overcrowded slums.
ii) England
iii) peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations. The rise of food prices or a year of
bad harvest led to widespread pauperism in town and country
35 i) Rio de Janeiro, In June 1992 4
ii) The Rio Convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for achieving
Sustainable Development in the 21st century.
 iii) achieving global sustainable development. It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty,
disease through global co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.
36 i) 20 lakh jobs 4
ii) Education sector, IT sector, tourism sector
iii) Planning Commission says that if tourism as a sector is improved, every year we can give additional
employment to more than 35 lakh people
37 MAP 5