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Practical:14: Verification of Rank-Nullity Theorem For A Matrix

The document provides examples to find the range, kernel, rank, and nullity of different matrices. For the first matrix, the range is 3-dimensional and LI, so the rank is 3. The kernel is the zero vector, so the nullity is 0. For the second matrix, the range is initially not LI, but reducing it to REF reveals the rank is 4. The kernel is 1-dimensional, so the nullity is 1. For the third matrix, the range is LI and 4-dimensional, so the rank is 4. The kernel is the zero vector, so the nullity is 0.

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345 views

Practical:14: Verification of Rank-Nullity Theorem For A Matrix

The document provides examples to find the range, kernel, rank, and nullity of different matrices. For the first matrix, the range is 3-dimensional and LI, so the rank is 3. The kernel is the zero vector, so the nullity is 0. For the second matrix, the range is initially not LI, but reducing it to REF reveals the rank is 4. The kernel is 1-dimensional, so the nullity is 1. For the third matrix, the range is LI and 4-dimensional, so the rank is 4. The kernel is the zero vector, so the nullity is 0.

Uploaded by

kjchauhan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical :14: Verification of Rank-Nullity theorem

for a matrix
Example:1:

Find the Range, Kernel, Rank and


Solution:

1 3

Let the given matrix A = 1 7


1 0

1 3 2
Nullity of the matrix 1 7 2
1 0 1

2
2
1

We have R(A) = [(1, 1, 1), (3, 7, 0), (2, 2, 1)]. Which is LI.
( 1 (1, 1, 1) + 2 (3, 7, 0) + 3 (2, 2, 1) = 0, 1 = 0 = 2 = 3 )
The Range of a matrix A is R(A) = [(1, 1, 1), (3, 7, 0), (2, 2, 1)]
Rank of A = 3.
For the Kernel of A, Consider,


1 3 2
x1
0
1 7 2 x2 = 0
1 0 1
x3
0
Solving this, we get, x1 = x2 = x3 = 0 Kernel of A = V0
Therefore, the Nullity of A is 0.
Now, here dim(R(A)) = 3, Rank of a matrix = 3.
Example:2:

2 3
1 2 0
0 3 1 2 1

Find the Range, Kernel, Rank and Nullity of the matrix


1 3 2 4 3
2 3
0 3 0
Solution:

2 3
1 2 0
0 3 1 2 1

Let the given matrix A =


1 3 2 4 3
2 3
0 3 0
Here Linear Transformation from V5 V4
We have S = [(2, 0, 1, 2), (3, 3, 3, 3), (1, 1, 2, 0), (2, 2, 4, 3), (0, 1, 3, 0)].
1

Obviously this is not LI.


Therefore we write,

2 3
1 2 0
0 3 1 2 1

1 3 2 4 3
2 3
0 3 0
Reduce this coefficient matrix

1 0 0

0 1 0

0 0 1

0 0 0



x1
0
x2
0

x3 = 0
x4
0
x5

into Row Echelon form,We get,

0 5
4


x1

0
1
0 12 x2
x3 = 0
0
x4
0 34

x5
1 34

x , x3 = 3
x , x4 = 3
x and x5 = arbitrary constant
x1 = 45 x5 , x2 = 1
12 5
4 5
4 5
So, we discard the vector (0,1,3,0) from S, we get,
S1 = [(2, 0, 1, 2), (3, 3, 3, 3), (1, 1, 2, 0), (2, 2, 4, 3)]
The set S1 is now LI.
Range is S = R(A) = {(2, 0, 1, 2), (3, 3, 3, 3), (1, 1, 2, 0), (2, 2, 4, 3)}
Rank of A = 4
Kernel of A = [15, 1, 9, 9, 12],
N (A) = [(0, 1, 3, 0)]
The Nullity of A is n(A) = 1.
Example:3:

Find the Range, Kernel, Rank and


Solution:

1 1
2 3
Let the given matrix A =
1 5
0 0

1 1 1 0
2 3 1 1

Nullity of the matrix


1 5
2 0
0 0
1 1

1 0
1 1

2 0
1 1
2

Here Linear Transformation from V4 V4


We have S = [(1, 2, 1, 0), (1, 3, 5, 0), (1, 1, 2, 1), (0, 1, 0, 1)].
This is LI.
The Range of a matrix A is R(A) = [(1, 2, 1, 0), (1, 3, 5, 0), (1, 1, 2, 1), (0, 1, 0, 1)]
Rank of A = 4.
For the Kernel of A, Consider,


1 1 1 0
x1
0
2 3 1 1 x2 0

=
1 5
2 0 x3 0
0 0
1 1
x4
0
Solving this, we get, x1 = x2 = x3 = x4 = 0
Kernel of A = V0
Therefore, the Nullity of A is 0.
Now, here dim(R(A)) = 4, Rank of a matrix = 4.

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