เอกสารประกอบการเรียนวิชาภาษาอังกฤษ

ชั้น มัธยมศึกษาปีท่ี ๖

Table of Contents
Part 0: A-Level

Part 1: Speaking
1.1 Conversation and Expression
1.2 Situational Dialogue
1.3 Sentence Completion
1.4 Essential Contents
Part 2: Vocabulary
2.1 Meaning Recognition 1
2.2 Meaning in Contexts
2.3 Meaning Recognition 2
2.4 Vocabulary Quiz
Part 3: Reading Comprehension
3.1 Gag Cartoon
3.2 Extract 1
3.3 Extract 2
Part 4: Writing
4.1 Sentence Structures
4.2 Participles
4.3 Error Identification
4.4 Cloze test
4.5 Paragraph Writing
4.6 Paragraph Writing Exercise
4.7 Paragraph Sequences

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IT’S NOT ABOUT LUCK

IT’S ABOUT HARD WORK
 Part 0: A-Level
Situation: In a dormitory room (Items 1-4)

Ethan: Hi there!
Emma: Hi Ethan!
Ethan: Why are you just standing in the doorway? Why don't you ____(1)____
Emma: OK, but just____(2)____.
Ethan: Good! ____(3)____?
Emma: Well, there's something that's been bothering me. I think we need to talk. Ethan: Uh oh.
____(4)____!
Situation: In the hallway (Items 5-8)

James: You are studying about human resources, aren't you Amelia? ____(5)____ the difference
between 'upskill' and 'reskill'?
Amelia: Sure. It has to do with how workers prepare themselves for the future.
James: Ok. ____(6)____.
Amelia: Well, 'upskill' is to improve upon a skill you're already using.
James: It's a bit like ____(7)____ where you always try to add to what you already know, right?
Amelia: Absolutely! To 'reskill,' on the other hand, is to learn how to perform a new role or job
function.
James: Ok. I get it now. A company might want to encourage this to keep its employees and cut
costs, right?
Amelia: Basically, yes. I've got to____(8)____. I can tell you more about it later if you're interested.
James: Ok. No problem. Thanks. See you around.
1

5
Part 1: Speaking
1.1 Conversation and Expression
1. At home
Chris: Mum, I’m home.
Mum: Oh hi, Chris. How was school?
Chris: It was boring as usual. I’m so hungry. _____1_____?
Mum: If you wait five minutes, dinner will be ready.
Chris: OK. Mum, ___2____? There’s an interesting program on TV at 10.30
Mum: ___3___ You have an important exam tomorrow. You must be in bad by 10.

1. 1. What’s for dinner 2. What’ve you eaten

3. Anything I can eat now 4. What’s cooking
2. 1. can we skip dinner 2. is it OK if I stay up late tonight
3. can I have a late dinner 4. is our TV working all right
3. 1. Sure, why not? 2. I’ll watch it with you
3. I can’t believe it. 4. Definitely not

1B. Lunch Break

Sonja : We have been studying for 3 hours now. ______?
Sam : Yeah. I’m hungry.
Sonja : Me too.
Sam: _______ ?
Sonja: I could go for a burger and some fries … and maybe a milk shake.
Sam: Ugh _____.
Sonja: Well, what do you have in mind?
Sam: Say a salad and some fruit.
Sonja: Can do. Let’s go to the salad bar round the corner.

1 1. Why don’t we study a little more and then have a party

2. Why don’t we take a break and get something to eat
3. How about ordering something to eat, though I’m not hungry
4. How would you like to relax after working so hard
5. What’s the point of complaining when you’re hungry
2 1. What do you feel like eating
2. Where do you want to eat
3. What goes well with a burger and fries
4. How much does it cost for a large meal
5. How can we order some food
3 1. That won’t be enough for our lunch
2. I love burgers and fries with a milkshake
3. Milkshake can help us feel fresher
4. I don’t have much cash on me at the moment
5. I think we should have something a little healthier

2. On the phone
Client: I need somebody to come over and fix my cable TV.
Technician: What’s the problem?
Client: Some channels are missing.
Technician: How long ___ 1 ___?
Client: A couple of days now.
Technician: ___ 2 ___.
Client: Thank you so much
1. 1. have you been calling
2. has your TV been fixed
3. has it been like this
4. have you stayed in this house
5. have you been subscribing to cable TV

2. 1. you’d better get a new one

2. I will send someone to take a look at it
3. I think you should try to fix it yourself first
4. Our technician wears a blue uniform
5. you can call me when the problem occurs again

3. Friday night
Joe: Would you like to go out for dinner or to a movie?
Kate: __________ (1) __________.
Joe: Honestly, what would you prefer?
Kate: I really don’t care. __________ (2) __________.
Joe: Ok, then how about dinner and then a movie?
Kate: That’s a great idea!

1. 1. You know what I like

2. I am quite hungry
3. I don’t know what’s on at the moment
4. Either one… it’s up to you
5. Dinner at a hotel can be quite expensive

2. 1. Renting a video can be quite interesting

2. I just want to get out of the house
3. I don’t have much money to begin with
4. Cooking can be time-consuming
5. I want to spend time at home

4-8 Situation: Sue is moving into a new apartment. Now she is asking the clerk for the key to
her room.

Sue: Hello. My name is Susan Clayton. I'm moving in today. 4. ______________

Clerk: Good afternoon, Ms. Clayton. I'll show you to your room. 5. ____________
Sue: That's very kind of you.
Clerk: 6. ____________________ Er ... Ms. Clayton, may I remind you not to hang clothes on
the balcony?
Sue: 7. ________________________
Clerk: I'm afraid not. I hope you'll enjoy staying here. 8. _______________
Sue: Thank you.

4. 1. I do want to go to my room now.

2. Did you get the key for the room?
3. May I have the key to my room, please?
4. Can't you give me my room key now?
5. I should have my key now, you know.
5. 1. Do you bring along your things?
 2. Will you take your things to your room?
3. Don't forget to take all of your things.
4. Won't you take all your things with you?
5. Let me give you a hand with your things.
6. 1. This might be the right room- Room 645.
2. Here we are- Room 645.
3. Should this room be yours?
4. Make sure it's Room 645.
5. How did you find this room?
7. 1. Oh, can't I?
2. Are you sure?
3. What's wrong?
4. Oh, how come?
5. Why not?
8. 1. Shall we meet again?
2. What more do you need?
3. If you need anything, just ring 005.
4. I'll do everything for you. Please ring 005.
5. Want me to visit you some time?

PART 1.2 Situational Dialog

Directions: Read each situation and choose the best alternative.

9 . Situation: Manop invites Farah, an American friend, to dinner at a restaurant where there
are Thai classical performances. She eagerly accepts, saying:
1. Hmm ... Let me think about it.
2. Great! I'm looking forward to it.
3. That sounds okay, but I can't make it.
4. That's interesting. What do you think?
5. I must say it's a little bit boring.
10. Situation: Mary calls Bob at his office, but he is in a meeting. The secretary who answers
the phone says:
1. Can I give him this message?
2. Shall we give the message to him?
3. Would you mind if I leave him a message?
4. Will he get a message from you?
5. Would you like to leave him a message?
11. Situation: Jane is about to go out of the office, leaving her handbag on her desk. Her
colleague says:
1. Watch out, Jane! Whose handbag is on the desk?
2. Don't you carry a handbag?
3. Be careful! Your handbag is too big.
4. Don't forget your handbag, Jane.
5. Keep your handbag handy.
12. Situation: Mark and Pam are college students. Mark asks Pam's opinion about a book
written by Professor Hornby.
1. Any suggestions for Professor Hornby's book?
2. What does Professor Hornby's book look like?
3. How do you like Professor Hornby's book?
4. Will you read Professor Hornby's book?
5. Shall we discuss Professor Hornby's book?
 13. Situation: At a university in Singapore, Pomchai asks a girl the way to the cafeteria on
campus. She says:
1. I do apologize that we're lost.
2. I know nothing about the cafeteria.
3. Don't bother me. I'm in a hurry.
4. Please excuse me. It's not my way.
5. I'm sorry. This is my first day here.

PART 1.3 Sentence Completion

14. According to the news reporter, the firefighters ________ the forest fire
by this afternoon.
1. extinguished
2. are extinguishing
3. have extinguished
4. will have extinguished
5. would be extinguishing

15. Mr. Munby's students all agreed to _______ by a professional photographer.

1. have taken the class pictures
2. having taken the class pictures
3. have the class pictures taken
4. having had the class pictures taken
5. have the class take pictures
16. The receptionist of the hotel admitted ______ to give the message to the guest in Room 29.
1. forgot
2. to forget
3. forgetting
4. had forgotten
5. to have forgotten
17. The old lady,__________ by the noise, asked her next-door neighbor to turn down the
television volume.
1. disturbing
2. disturbed
3. was disturbed
4. has been disturbed
5. had been disturbed
1.4 Essential Contents
USAGE OF TENSES

Tenses
A boy eats an apple.
A boy is eating an apple.
A boy has eaten an apple.
A boy has been eating an apple.
A boy ate an apple.
A boy was eating an apple.
A boy had eaten an apple.
A boy had been eating an apple.
A boy will eat an apple.
A boy will be eating an apple.
A boy will have eaten an apple.
A boy will have been eating an apple.
Passive Voice
v.be (is, am, are, was, were, been) + V.3
An apple has been being eaten.

USAGE OF TENSES

1. Continuous + Simple
Connectors: while, when, as
Ex. 1. Present Simple tense & Present Continuous tense
- I am watching TV when my mom comes in.
- My mom comes in while/as I am watching TV.
2. Past Simple tense & Past Continuous tense
- My mom came in while I was watching TV.
- I was watching TV when my mom came in.

A robber came in while I ________ a shower.

a) am taking b) was taking c) take d) took

2. Past perfect tense (S+had+V3) + Past simple tense (S+V2)

Connectors: before, after, so, then

Ex. 2a. Before I took a shower, I had eaten 3 apples.

2b. After I had eaten 3 apples, I took a shower.
2c. I had eaten 3 apples before I took a shower.
2d. I took a shower before I had eaten 3 apples.

I came back after my parents ________.

1. left 2. is left 3. have left 4. had left
 3. Talking about future by using Future Simple tense, Present Continuous tense and
Future Continuous tense.

3.1 Future Simple tense

Ex. Suchart will go back home as soon as possible.
3.2 Present Continuous tense
Ex. Suchart and I are going to the mall after school.
3.3 Future Continuous tense
Ex. Suchart and I will be leaving school as soon as possible.

4. Conditional Sentences
Truth
0 – If he comes, we go.
Future
1 – If he comes, we will go.
Unreal Present
2 – If he came, we would go.
Unreal Past
3 – If he had come, we would have gone.

Side Exercise:
Error Identification
If Prince Edward (1) hadn’t been killed at the age of 9, he (2) would become the king (3) of
England after (4) the death of his father.

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 Part 2: Vocabulary
Choose the best answer.
2.1 Meaning Recognition 1
1. At the Thai Cultural Fair, the taste of the Thai dishes had to be _____, slightly as a
lot of westerners cannot eat spicy food.
1. altered
2. preserved
3. introduced
4. presented
5. recommended
2. Your business website should be _____, so that it is easy for customers to search
for and buy your products.
1. user-friendly
2. self-contained
3. tailor-made
4. customer-based
5. long-lasting
3. John’s project proposal has received ____ from all of the committee members, so
he can move on to the next step.
1. treatments
2. approval
3. emphasis
4. requests
5. condition
4. In order to receive the special discount rate for members, you need to your
existing sports club membership before it expires.
1. cancel
2. carry on
3. give up
4. renew
5. issue
2.2 MEANING IN CONTEXT
1. Unlike some of the other photographers, He avoids using artificial lighting,
preferring to stick to nature conditions.
1. unprocessed
2. flexible
 3. delightful
4. synthetic
5. beautiful

2. He disagrees with the death penalty arguing that it does not deter crime. (GAT2/60 Mar)
1. Support
2. Commit
3. Promote
4. Discourage
5. Report

3. After using the gum recommended by the doctor for three months, his craving for
cigarette has disappeared.
1. Desire
2. Habit
3. Tolerance
4. Distaste
5. Hatred

4. You need to stop setting unattainable goals in life; otherwise, you are heading for a
psychological breakdown.
1. Invaluable
2. Unrealistic
3. Irrecoverable
4. Unusable
5. Illogical

5. Tortoises and some bears can slow their normal life ___________ so much that
they can live through the winter months without eating, in a state of _____________.
1. processes – hibernation
2. spans – absorption
3. constructions – reproduction
4. mechanisms – saturation

6. The enemy finally _____, agreeing to return all the captives and retreating from the
_____ territory.
1. rebelled, neighboring
2. withdraw, unknown
3. proceeded, cultivated
4. surrendered, occupied
5. diversified, abandoned
2.3 MEANING RECOGNITION 2
8. Press releases and interviews are excellent ways of promoting an actor.
1. The freedom of the press is important in any modern country.
2. With the press of a button, you’ll get a perfect cup of coffee.
3. I’ve got a dinner date tonight. Can you give my blouse a quick press?
4. When does your new book on scientific discovering go to press?

9. At Vassar College, international students from over 55 countries comprise 8-10%

of the student body.
 1. A new Harvard University study adds to a growing body of evidence linking air
pollution and autism.
2. Several consumers said that they liked the volume and body of their hair after using
our new products.
3. Police and a medical examiner responded to the report of a body floating in Lake
Michigan.
4. A Swedish health advisory body has recommended a diet that is low in carbohydrates,
but not low in fat.
5. Girl made fun of him in high school because he had a fat body, but rather thin arms
and legs.

10. Because of her academic background and work experience, it is no wonder that
the screening committee considered her a strong candidate for the post.
1. I don’t think it will be easy to change her mind; she has very strong views when it
comes to politics.
2. Butchers should be strong enough to lift and carry heavy boxes of meat, which can
weigh more than 50 pounds.
3. The scent of green pepper is so strong it can be detected easily by most human
noses.
4. The government felt it was necessary to take strong measures against drug traffickers.
5. She has assembled a strong team of experts to address the threat of terrorism.
11. The couple threw a big birthday party for their only child and engaged a
magician to provide the entertainment.
1. This week’s controversy surrounding academic freedom engaged the whole nation.
2. Each of the candidates was a scientist who was engaged in research on climate
change.
3. The company planned to increased their market share, so they engaged a new sales
director.
4. Our troops engaged the opposing army in a fight for control of an important bridge.
5. She was engaged to a rich businessman but, unfortunately, the relationship didn’t
work out.

12. ‘Caution’ signs serve as a warning to drivers to slow down when they drive past
schools.
1. Schools should serve healthy food to kids to prevent a variety of health problems.
2. Prof. Wilson has been asked to serve as chair on the University Research Committee.
3. If John does not win the case, he may have to serve four years in prison.
4. When a woman is attacked by a criminal, an umbrella or a handbag can serve as a
weapon to protect herself.
5. At match point, the tennis player felt pressure to perform when it was his turn to serve.

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2.4 Vocabulary Quiz

1. After his several attempts to do his best in his position, he decided to embark on a
new career.

1. Cancel 2. Begin 3. Choose 4. Improve 5. Change

2. As I looked up the mountain, I knew it would be a daunting task to reach the peak.
 1. difficult 2. Dangerous 3. Desirable 4. Delightful 5. Definite

3. Since his mother’s death, Tom’s been meaning to clean out the clutter in his
bedroom.

1. Closet 2. Dirt 3. Drawer 4. Curtain 5. Mess

4. We completely depleted our saving account when we bought our new house in
Bangkok last month.

1. Earned 2. Saved 3. Collected 4. Emptied 5. Shared

5. After the devastating fire in June, a number of buildings around the area were still
smouldering months afterwards.

1. Opening 2. Operating 3. Smoking 4. Exploding 5. Melting

6. Exercise can help you relax, boost your confidence and better _________, in addition
to the physical benefits of an active ___________.

1. mood, lifestyle 2. strength, person 3. body, learning 4. thinking, sportswear

5. behavior, job

7. Once you begin to plan your spending, you will gain _______ over it and you will be
able to ___________ some money.

1. profit, make 2. pleasure, spend 3. experience, count 4. control, save

5. access, lend

8. Bangkok, the City of Angels, offers visitors anything they could ________ : lively
nightlife, unlimited shopping option and a ________ of activities and attractions.

1. receive, mixture 2. buy, collection 3. see, selection 4. find, cluster

5. expect, variety

9. Fruit and vegetables are rich sources of natural fiber, vitamins and other _________
that your body needs to function _________.

1. compounds, frequently 2. minerals, properly 3. factors, systematically

4. ingredient, effectively 5. genes, powerfully

10. One way to learn English is to watch television shows. You can hear English the
way it is _________ spoken and learn useful slang and _________ language.

1. appropriately, universal 2. commonly, foreign 3. naturally, informal

4. widely, written 5. specifically, natural

11. Despite the large size of the states, their leaders are weak, corrupt, or __________
incapable of providing unified leadership.

1. consequently 2. however 3. moreover 4. otherwise 5. similarly

 Part 3: Reading Comprehension
3.1 Gag Cartoon

1. It can be inferred that the girl ______.

1. likes her classmates
2. has problems with her classmates
3. does not like her lessons
4. has to work hard in her class
5. has learned how to behave in class

2. According to the girl, she must _____.

1. not talk in class
2. not show up
3. speak slowly
4. shut herself in the room
5. stand up when the teacher comes

3. At school, the girl is told to speak louder so that ____ .

1. other people want to talk to her
2. her teacher will always ask her to talk
3. others can hear what she is saying
4. her friends may appreciate her
5. her teacher will like her more

4. When the man says, "What have you learned so far?" he actually
wants to know __________.
1. how much the girl likes her school
2. what subject the girl likes to learn
3. what knowledge the girl has gained from class
4. what the girl has to do in class
5. how the girl should behave at school
 Extract 1

5. Jane needs a plumber to replace the old pipes in her bathroom. She should call
________.
1. 07853 859422
2. 07939 128376
3. 07977 064832
4. 07832 746707
5. 07786 158931
6. The Smiths want to change their old blinds. They must look at Advertisement ________.
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. F
5. G
7. Bill wants to clean his chimney. He will contact_______.
1. Kevin Wilde
2. Michael Old
3. www.heatone.co.uk
4. SHAUN MOSSMAN
 5. Chimney Services
8. George calls 0191 5490800 to get his_______ .
1. bedroom furnished
2. boiler installed
3. garage door fixed
4. glass windows measured
5. stove replaced
9. The service that states its experience is in Advertisement___.
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. E
5. F

Extract 2

1 Dear Annie: I'm not an animal person. I wasn't raised with animals and
find it difficult to have them in my home. Years ago, I tried a cat for my
daughter's sake, but it didn't go well.
All my friends and family members know this about me. The problem is
5 that certain friends and relatives who have pets expect to bring them to my
house when they come to visit. I have offered to house their pets either in the
garage or in my fenced backyard, but they dismiss that idea and insist that
their pets stay in my house.
If people go to the expense to own pets, they should also include the cost
10 of kenneling when necessary. I take offence when pet owners insist on forcing
their pets on me. How can I tactfully make this clear to others?
10. The best topic of this letter would be ____.
1. Pets' problems
2. Unkind pet owner
3. Cats as pets
4. No pets allowed
5. Problem pets
11. The phrase animal person (line 1) means a person who ___ animals.
1. dislikes
2. likes
3. looks like
4. feeds
5. feels like
12. The word this (line 4) refers to the fact that the writer____.
1. allowed his daughter to have a pet cat
2. had difficulties with his friends' pets
3. does not like his daughter's cat
4. does not get along well with animals
5. was not successful in training pets
13. The writer's friends do not want to ______.
1. let their pets stay in his house
2. bring their pets along when visiting him
3. let his family members look after their pets
4. provide a place for their pets to run around
 5. put their pets in his garage or in his backyard
14. The phrase go to the expense (line 9) is closest in meaning to _____ .
1. spend money
2. really want
3. feel happy
4. save up
5. have much money
15. When the writer's relatives take their pets along to visit him, the writer is ___.
1. frightened
2. upset
3. worried
4. aggressive
5. rude
16. It can be inferred from the letter that the writer feels ___.
1. people should not keep pets in their houses
2. it is impolite to refuse friends with pets
3. pet owners often cause inconvenience for their friends
4. pet owners should travel with their pets
5. homeowners should set strict rules about visitors with pets

Part 4: Writing
4.1 Sentence Structures
Word Function
(Subject, Verb, Object and Complement)

1. Noun (Naming Word) Common Noun girl, city, animal, friend,

A noun is the name of a person, place, thing or house, food –
idea. Proper Noun John, London, Pluto, Monday,
France –
Compound Noun toothbrush, rainfall,
sailboat, mother-in-law, well-being, alarm
clock, credit card –
Countable Noun car, desk, cup, house,
bike, eye, butterfly –
Uncountable Noun car, desk, cup, house,
bike, eye, butterfly
Collective Noun staff, team, crew, herd,
flock, bunch
Concrete Noun dog, tree, apple, moon, coin,
sock, ball, water
Abstract Noun love, time, happiness,
bravery, creativity, justice, freedom, speed
Gerund (Present Participle as a noun)

2. Pronoun (Subject Pronoun,

Object Pronoun and Possessive
Pronoun)
A pronoun is used in place of a noun or noun
phrase to avoid repetition.

3. Adjective
 An adjective describes, modifies or gives
more information about a noun or pronoun.

4. Verb
A verb shows an action or state of being. A
verb shows what someone or something is
doing.

5. Adverb
An adverb describes/modifies a verb, an
adjective or another adverb. It tells how,
where, when, how often or to what extent.
Many adverbs end in -LY

6. Preposition
A preposition shows the relationship of a
noun or pronoun to another word. They can
indicate time, place, or relationship.

7. Conjunction
A conjunction joins two words, ideas, phrases
or clauses together in a sentence and shows
how they are connected.

8. Interjection
An interjection is a word or phrase that
expresses a strong feeling or emotion. It is a
short exclamation.

- Phrase
……………………………………………………….…………………………………………….……
……………………………………….…………………………………………….……………………
……………………….…………………………………………….……………………………………
……….…………………………………………….…………………………………………….………
…………………………………….…………………………………………….………………………
…………………….…………………………………………….……………………………………….

- Clause Independent Clause and Dependent Clause

……………………………………………………….…………………………………………….……
……………………………………….…………………………………………….……………………
……………………….…………………………………………….……………………………………
……….…………………………………………….…………………………………………….………
…………………………………….…………………………………………….………………………
…………………….…………………………………………….……………………………………….

- Sentence

Ex.
1. S + V I go.
2. S + V + O I will buy the red car.
 Simple 3. S + V + C I really want to go to work.
Sentence 4. S + V + O +C I will buy the red car
tomorrow.

- She did not cheat on the

Simple Sentence + test, for it was not the right
Coordinating thing to do.
Compound Conjunction + Simple - I think I will buy the red
Sentence Sentence car, or I will lease the blue
EX. one.
F = For - I really want to go to
A = And work, but I am too sick to
N = Nor, nether drive.
B = But - I am counting my
O = Or calories, yet I really want
Y = Yet dessert.
S = So, Semicolon ( ; ) - He ran out of money, so
he had to stop playing
poker.

Connected with 1. Although Tom reads

Complex Sentence Subordinating novels, Jack reads comics.
Conjunction 2. Many people enjoy
Ex. reading; however, Jack
after, because, if, does not.
although, before, since, 3. Peter who ran out of
that, unless, until, when, money, had to stop playing
as soon as, while, poker.
however, who
Compound & Peter who ran out of
Complex money, had to stop playing
Sentence poker or his wife would kill
him.

4.2 Participles
Present Participle (V.ing)
1. Continuous Tense
a. She is reading a book.
b. They are going to Tokyo.
c. She was going down.
2. Adjective
a. It’s an interesting movie.
b. The book is boring.
3. Pattern Verbs (feel, hear, see, small, watch, want, get, like, notice) + Object +
Participle
a. I see a child standing in the bathroom.
4. Adjective Clause
a. A guy (who is) talking over there is my friend.
 Past Participle (v.3)
1. Perfect Tense/Passive Voice
a. I have stolen my teacher’s wallet. A
wallet was stolen.
2. Adjective
a. I am bored to death.
b. I am teaching tired students.
3. Adjective Clause
a. I learn strategies used for admission
and classification of students.

Side Exercise:

1. The (breaking/broken) glass cut my foot.

2. The (tearing/torn) paper is my homework from yesterday.
3. The girl (dreaming/dreamed) of being a doctor, decided to take extra classes.
4. My grandparents celebrated (1) their fiftieth wedding anniversary (2) at a mountain resort
(3) where all guests (4) inviting could go skiing.

4.3 ERROR IDENTIFICATION

1. The film (1) was made on a specially-constructed set (2) which looks (3) differently from
the couple’s actual home and (4) no filming took place at the farmhouse (5) itself.

2. The movie (1) takes place in (2) rural West Texas, and it is about (3) violent and greed
and (4) how people (5) are treated.

3. According to new research, people (2) living in Paleolithic (3) times, (4) commonly known
as the Stone Age, (5) they hunted elephants as a valuable source of food.

4. Despite of the slowdown in (2) its (3) economic growth, China offers (4) a lot of
opportunities for business, (5) an analyst tells the BBC.

5. (1) Around 80 percent of water pollution (2) is caused by people (3) throw household (4)
garbage and (5) unwanted items into the water.

6. A video clip taken during the riot (1) shows a woman (2) hitting a young man, (3) believed to
be her son, (4) after catching him (5) participated in the incident.
7. (1) Floods are one of the (2) leading (3) causes of deaths (4) from natural disasters (5) of the
United States.
8. (1) Since the growing of most crops (2) necessitate the (3) initial removal of the natural (4)
vegetation, crop failures cause land (5) to erode.
9. Hurricane Irma, (1) the most powerful Atlantic storm in a decade, (2) has left a trail of
destruction (3) in the Caribbean, (4) affects an estimated 2.2 (5) million people.
10. People (1) with Alzheimer’s disease (2) may have trouble (3) remember things that
happened recently (4) or names of people (5) they know.
 11. A flash flood (1) results from a number of (2) factors, but (3) are most often (4) due to (5)
extremely heavy rainfall from thunderstorms.

12. Susan Boyle (1) did not win Britain’s Got Talent, (2) but she (3) became one of the (4) most
popular (5) contest on the show in 2010.

13. Facebook (1) has acknowledged (2) to be the (3) world’s (4) number one social network site,
attracting users of all (5) ages.

14. Cacti (1) have spines (2) instead of leaves which minimize (3) the surface area and (4)
reducing water loss (5) by transpiration.

4.4 CLOZE TEST

Choose the best answer.

A surrogate mother is a woman who agrees___1___someone else’s baby. She

becomes pregnant___2___some from of assisted reproductive technology. The surrogate
mother carries the baby to term and gives birth, and the baby is released___3___its intended
parents. A Florida couple, Gordon Lake and Manuel Santos have spent the past six months
in Thailand, stuck in___4___they call a “nightmare” situation. The past six months have
obviously been___5___of their lives. They say their infant daughter’s surrogate mother will
not sign the papers necessary for them to bring their baby home to the United States.

1. 1. with carrying 2. to carry

3. on carrying 4. carrying
5. onto carrying

2. 1. using 2. used
3. use 4. to use
5. being used

3. 1. for the hospital to 2. of the hospital for

3. from the hospital to 4. to the hospital by
5. in the hospital for

4. 1. how 2. which
3. where 4. when
5. what

5. 1. more stressful month

2. most stressful month
3. the more stressful month
4. the most stressful months
5. the more stressful months
4.5 PARAGRAPH Writing
How to write a perfect paragraph.

Example II

Russians generally don’t celebrate birthdays before the actual day because this is
considered bad luck. There is a belief that the birthday boy or girl who celebrates a
birthday in advance may not live to see his or her special day. Also, many people don’t
celebrate the 40th because this number is associated with death.

In Russia, a birthday celebration is usually a great dinner with many dishes. It is a custom
for the birthday person to provide the feast, and this includes paying for dinner if the
celebration takes place in a restaurant.

Russians do not give some kinds of presents to birthday persons. Knives and scissors
symbolize future conflict and are therefore seen as a bad omen. Likewise, scarves and
handkerchiefs represent sorrow and clocks are a sign of departure. An empty purse is
believed to cause poverty. Flowers given for a birthday celebration must be in odd number.
An even number of flowers indicates misfortune and even death.
4.6 Paragraph Writing Exercise
Direction: Choose the best answer

1 . Usually college students live on their own, in the dormitory or in

an apartment. This means they are free to come and go as they like. Their parents
can’t tell them when to get up, when to go to school, and when to come home. It
also means that they are free to wear what they want. There are no parents to
comment about their hair styles or their dirty jeans. Finally, they are free to listen to
their favorite music without interference from parents.

1. What would be the best topic sentence of this paragraph?

1. College life is rather lonely but very busy.
2. I don’t like college students who don’t dress properly.
3. Most students like the freedom they have in college.
4. To get good grades every semester in college is not easy.
5. I live in the dormitory within the college compound.

Paragraph Writing II
Direction: Choose the best answer

(A) ____________________. (B) You should have a very firm idea of what to say, and
you should _________________. (C) Use the structure of the letter - the paragraphs,
topic sentences, introduction, and conclusion - to guide the reader point by point from
your introduction, through your reasoning, to your conclusion. (D) Use paragraphs to
break up the page and to lend an air of organization to the letter. (E) Use an accepted
business letter format. (F) There are several options, and the floral design on a pink
background can be quite charming. (G) Reread what you have written from the point of
view of someone who is seeing it for the first time. (H) Be sure that all explanations are
adequate, and all necessary information is provided (I) In short, ____________________.

1. What is the best topic sentence (A) for this paragraph?

1. Of all types of letters, business letter writing is the most important.
2. A business letter must be clear in terms of message and structure.
3. Business letters can be written in several different ways.
4. How to write business letters needs to be instructed.
5. To succeed in writing business letters, follow these simple steps.

2. Which one can be added in Sentence B to make a good paragraph?

1. discuss it with your friends
2. prepare quality paper to write on
3. develop it adequately
4. go to the library for more information
5. let the reader know it

3. Which one does not belong?

 1.C 2.D 3.E 4.F 5.H
4. Which one has the closest meaning to the highlighted part?
1. Read it with somebody to make sure the person understands your point.
2. Read it with excitement because it is the first reading.
3. After reading it the first time, read it again a second time.
4. Read it more than once to get different ideas.
5. Read the letter again to make sure it accurately conveys the message.
5. What is the best concluding sentence (I) for this paragraph?
1. appropriate format with certain designs should be emphasized in business writing
2. good paper, as well as good ideas, makes business communication successful
3. business people’s ideas can be influenced by the language produced
4. conclusions of business letters are the most important part
5. a clear message which is effectively delivered is the essence of business
communication

4.7 Paragraph Sequences