Chapter 1 – Reviewing linear equations

Solutions to Exercise 1A
1 a x+3=6 3x
j =5
4
∴ x=3
3x = 20
b x−3=6 20
∴ x=
3
∴ x=9
3x
c 3−x=2 k − =2
5
−x = −1 −3x = 10
∴ x=1 10
∴ x=−
3
d x + 6 = −2 5x
l − = −2
x+8=0 7
∴ x = −8 −5x = −14
−14 14
e 2 − x = −3 ∴ x= =
−5 5
−x = −5
∴ x=5 2 a x−b=a
∴ x=a+b
f 2x = 4
∴ x=2 b x+b=a
∴ x=a−b
g 3x = 5
5 c ax = b
∴ x=
3 b
∴ x=
a
h −2x = 7
x
7 d =b
∴ x=− a
2
∴ x = ab
i −3x = −7
ax
7 e =c
∴ x= b
3
ax = bc
bc
∴ x=
a

1
3 a h
2y − 4 = 6 t 1 1
+ =
3 6 2
2y = 10 t 1
=
y=5 3 3
t=1
b
3t + 2 = 17 i
x
3t = 15 +5=9
3
t=5 x
=4
3
c x = 12
2y + 5 = 2
j
2y = −3
3 − 5y = 12
3
y=− −5y = 9
2
9
d y=−
5
7x − 9 = 5
k
7x = 14
−3x − 7 = 14
x=2
−3x = 21
e x = −7
2a − 4 = 7
l
2a = 11
11 14 − 3y = 8
a=
2 −3y = −6
f y=2
3a + 6 = 14
3a = 8 4 a 6x − 4 = 3x
8 3x = 4
a=
3 4
∴ x=
g 3
y
− 11 = 6 b x − 5 = 4x + 10
8
y −3x = 15
= 17
8
15
y = 136 ∴ x= = −5
−3

2
 x x
c 3x − 2 = 8 − 2x g + = 10
2 3
5x = 10 5x
= 10
∴ x=2 6
5x = 60

5 a 2(y + 6) = 10 ∴ x = 12

y+6=5 3x
h x+4=
∴ y = 5 − 6 = −1 2
x
− = −4
b 2y + 6 = 3(y − 4) 2
−x = −8
2y + 6 = 3y − 12
∴ x=8
−y = −18
∴ y = 18 7x + 3 9x − 8
i =
2 4
c 2(x + 4) = 7x + 2 14x + 6 = 9x − 8
2x + 8 = 7x + 2 5x = −14
−5x = −6 14
∴ x=−
6 5
∴ x=
5 2 2 4
j (1 − 2x) − 2x = − + (2 − 3x)
3 5 3
d 5(y − 3) = 2(2y + 4)
10(1 − 2x) − 30x = −6 + 20(2 − 3x)
5y − 15 = 4y + 8
10 − 20x − 30x = −6 + 40 − 60x
5y − 4y = 18 + 8
10x = 24
∴ y = 23
12
∴ x=
e x − 6 = 2(x − 3) 5

x − 6 = 2x − 6 4y − 5 2y − 1
k − =y
2 6
−x = 0
(12y − 15) − (2y − 1) = 6y
∴ x=0
12y − 15 − 2y + 1 = 6y
y+2 4y = 14
f =4
3 7
y + 2 = 12 ∴ y=
2
∴ y = 10

3
6 a ax + b = 0 ax + c
h =d
b
ax = −b
ax + c = bd
b
∴ x=− ax = bd − c
a
bd − c
b cx + d = e ∴ x=
a
cx = e − d
e−d b − cx a − cx
∴ x= 7 + +2=0
c a b
b(b − cx) + a(a − cx) + 2ab = 0
c a(x + b) = c
c b2 − bcx + a2 − acx + 2ab = 0
x+b=
a b2 + a2 + 2ab = acx + bcx
c
∴ x= −b (a + b)2 = cx(a + b)
a
a+b
d ax + b = cx ∴ x=
c
so long as a + b , 0
ax − cx = −b
x(c − a) = b
8 a 0.2x + 6 = 2.4
b
∴ x= 0.2x = −3.6
c−a
x x ∴ x = −18
e + =1
a b
bx + ax = ab b 0.6(2.8 − x) = 48.6

x(a + b) = ab 2.8 − x = 81

ab −x = 78.2
∴ x=
a+b ∴ x = −78.2
a b
f + =1 2x + 12
x x c = 6.5
7
∴ x=a+b
2x + 12 = 45.5
g ax − b = cx − d x + 6 = 22.75
ax − cx = b − d ∴ x = 16.75
x(a − c) = b − d
d 0.5x − 4 = 10
b−d
∴ x= 0.5x = 14
a−c
∴ x = 28

4
 1 x(x + c) = (x + a)(x − b)
e (x − 10) = 6
4
x2 + cx = x2 + ax − bx − ab
x − 10 = 24
cx − ax + bx = −ab
∴ x = 34
x(a − b − c) = ab
f 6.4x + 2 = 3.2 − 4x ab
∴ x=
10.4x = 1.2 a−b−c
so long as a + b , 0
1.2 3
∴ x= =
10.4 26 b
bx x
+ =2
a b a+b 1 + bx 1 + x
9 a + = bx(1 + x) + x(1 + bx) = 2(1 + x)(1 + bx)
x+a x−b x+c
a(x − b) + b(x + a) a+b bx + bx2 + x + bx2 = 2(1 + x + bx + bx2 )
=
(x + a)(x − b) x+c
bx + bx2 + x + bx2 = 2 + 2x + 2bx + 2bx2
ax − ab + bx + ab a+b
= 0 = 2 + x + bx
(x + a)(x − b) x+c
ax + bx a+b −2 = x(1 + b)
=
(x + a)(x − b) x+c 2
x 1 x=−
= 1+b
(x + a)(x − b) x+c

5
Solutions to Exercise 1B
1 a x+2=6 x 1
4 + =3
3 3
∴ x=4
x+1=9
b 3x = 10 ∴ x = 8 kg
10
∴ x=
3
5 L = w + 0.5; A = Lw
c 3x + 6 = 22 P = 2(L + w)
3x = 16 = 2(2w + 0.5)
16 = 4w + 1
∴ x=
3
4w + 1 = 4.8
d 3x − 5 = 15 4w = 3.8
3x = 20 ∴ w = 0.95
20 A = 0.95(0.95 + 0.5)
∴ x=
3 = 1.3775 m2
e 6(x + 3) = 56

x+3=
56 28
= 6 (n − 1) + n + (n + 1) = 150
6 3
3n = 150
19
∴ x=
3 ∴ n = 50
Sequence = 49, 50 & 51, assuming n is
x+5
f = 23 the middle number.
4
x + 5 = 92
7 n + (n + 2) + (n + 4) + (n + 6) = 80
∴ x = 87
4n + 12 = 80
4n = 68
2 A + 3A + 2A = 48
∴ n = 17
6A = 48
17, 19, 21 and 23 are the odd numbers.
∴ A=8
A gets $8, B $24 and C $16
8 6(x − 3000) = x + 3000
6x − 18000 = x + 3000
3 y = 2x; x + y = 42 = 3x
42 5x = 21000
x=
3 ∴ x = 4200 L
∴ x = 14, y = 28

6
 9 140(p − 3) = 120 p 13
x x 45
140 p − 420 = 120 p t= + =
4 6 60
20 p = 420 x x
60 × + 60 × = 45
4 6
∴ p = 21
15x + 10x = 45
25x = 45
x x 48
10 + = 45
6 10 60 x=
25
5x + 3x = 24
9
=
8x = 24 5
x = 3 km = 1.8
Total = 2 × 1.8
11 Profit = x for crate 1 and 0.5x for crate = 3.6 km (there and back)
2, where x = amount of dozen eggs in
Total = 4 × 0.9
each crate.
x+3 = 3.6 km there and back twice
x+ = 15
2
2x + x + 3 = 30
14 f = b + 24
3x = 27
( f + 2) + (b + 2) = 40
∴ x=9
Crate 1 has 9 dozen, crate 2 has 12 b + 26 + b + 2 = 40
dozen. 2b = 12
∴ b=6
 45   30 
The boy is 6, the father 30.
12 3 +x =6
60 60
9 x
+ =6
4 2
x 15
=
2 4
15
∴ x= = 7.5km/hr
2

7
Solutions to Exercise 1C
1 a y = 2x + 1 = 3x + 2 Subsitute in (2).
−x = 1, ∴ x = −1 2(4x + 6) − 3x = 4
∴ y = 2(−1) + 1 = −1 5x + 12 = 4
5x = −8
b y = 5x − 4 = 3x + 6
8
2x = 10, ∴ x = 5 x=−
5
y = 5(5) − 4 = 21
!
∴ 8
Substitute in (1). y − 4 × − = 6.
5
c y = 2 − 3x = 5x + 10 50
y=
−8x = 8, ∴ x = −1 3
8 2
Therefore x = − and y = − .
∴ y = 2 − 3(−1) = 5 5 5

d y − 4 = 3x (1)
y − 5x + 6 = 0 (2) 2 a x+y=6
From (1) y = 3x + 4 x − y = 10
Subsitute in (2). 2x = 16
∴ x = 8; y = 6 − 8 = −2
3x + 4 − 5x + 6 = 0
−2x + 10 = 0 b y−x=5
x=5 y+x=3
2y =8
Substitute in (1). y − 4 = 15.
∴ y = 4; x = 3 − 4 = −1
Therefore x = 5 and y = 19.
c x − 2y = 6
e y − 4x = 3 (1)
2y − 5x + 6 = 0 (2) −(x + 6y = 10)
From (1) y = 4x + 3 −8y = −4
1 2
Subsitute in (2). ∴ y= , x=6+ =7
2 2
2(4x + 3) − 5x + 6 = 0
3x + 12 = 0 3 a 2x − 3y = 7
x = −4 9x + 3y = 15
11x = 22
Substitute in (1). y + 16 = 3.
∴ px = 2
Therefore x = −4 and y = −13.
4 − 3y = 7, ∴ y = −1
f y − 4x = 6 (1)
b 4x − 10y = 20
2y − 3x = 4 (2)
From (1) y = 4x + 6 −(4x + 3y = 7)

8
 −13y = 13 4p + 10q = −6 39p = 39
∴ y = −1 35p − 10q = 45
4x − 3 = 7, ∴ x = 2.5
p=1
c 4m − 2n = 2 ∴ q = −1

m + 2n = 8 i 2x − 4y = −12
5m = 10 6x + 4y = 4
∴ m=2
8x = −8
8 − 2n = 2, ∴ n = 3
∴ x = −1
5
d 14x − 12y = 40 2y − 3 − 2 = 0, ∴ y =
2
9x + 12y = 6
23x = 46 4 a 3x + y = 6 (1)
∴ x=2 6x + 2y = 7 (2)
14 − 6y = 20, ∴ y = −1 Multiply (1) by 2.
6x + 2y = 12 (3)
e 6s − 2t = 2 Subtract (2) from (3)
5s + 2t = 20 0 = 5.
11s = 22 There are no solutions.
∴ s=2 The graphs of the two straight lines
6 − t = 1, ∴ t = 5 are parallel.

f 16x − 12y = 4 b 3x + y = 6 (1)

6x + 2y = 12 (2)
−15x + 12y = 6
Multiply (1) by 2.
x = 10 6x + 2y = 12 (3)
∴ 4y − 5(10) = 2 Subtract (2) from (3)
∴ y = 13 0 = 0.
There are infinitely many solutions.
g 15x − 4y = 6
The graphs of the two straight lines
−(18x − 4y = 10) coincide.
−3x = −4
4
∴ x= c 3x + y = 6 (1)
4 3 6x − 2y = 7 (2)
9 − 2y = 5 Multiply (1) by 2.
3
−2y = −7, ∴ y =
7 6x + 2y = 12 (3)
2 Add (2) and (3)
12x = 19.
h 2p + 5q = −3 19 5
x= and y = . There is only one
7p − 2q = 9 12 4
solution.

9
 The graphs intersect
! at the The graphs intersect
! at the
19 5 19 5
point , point ,−
12 4 12 4

d 3x − y = 6 (1)
6x + 2y = 7 (2) 5 a,b,c
Multiply (1) by 2.
6x − 2y = 12 (3)
Add (2) and (3)
12x = 19.
19 5
x= and y = − . There is only
12 4
one solution.

10
Solutions to Exercise 1D
1 x + y = 138 a 4B + 4W = 4 × 15 + 4 × 27
x − y = 88 = 60 + 108 = $168
2x = 226
b 3B = 3 × 15 = $45
∴ x = 113
y = 138 − 113 = 25 c B = $15

2 x + y = 36 5 x + y = 45
x−y=9 x − 7 = 11
2x = 45 2x = 56
∴ x = 22.5 ∴ x = 28; y = 17
y = 36 − 22.5 = 13.5
6 m + 4 = 3(c + 4) . . . (1)
3 6S + 4C = 58 m − 2 = 5(c − 4) . . . (2)
5S + 2C = 35, ∴ 10S + 4C = 70 From (1), m = 3c + 8.
10S + 4C = 70 Substitute into (2):
−(6S + 4C) = 58 3c + 8 − 4 = 5(c − 4)
4S = 12 3c + 4 = 5c − 20
∴ S = $3
−2c = −24, ∴ c = 12
2C = 35 − 35, ∴ C = $10
∴ m − 4 = 5(12 − 4)
a 10S + 4C = 10 × 3 + 4 × 10 m = 44
= 30 + 40 = $70

b 4S = 4 × 3 = $12 7 h = 5p
h + p = 20
c S = $3
∴ 5p + p = 30
∴ p = 5; h = 25
4 7B + 4W = 213
B + W = 42, ∴ 4B + 4W = 168
7B + 4W = 213 8 Let one child have x mar-
bles and the other y marbles.
−(4B + 4W = 168)
3B = 45
∴ B = 15
15 + W = 42, ∴ W = $27

11
 x + y = 110 9n − 9m = 36
x n − m=4 (2)
= y − 20
2 Add (1) and (2)
∴ x = 2y − 40 2n = 12 implies n = 6.
Hence m = 2.
∴ 2y − 40 + y = 110
The initial number is 26 and the second
3y = 150 number is 62.
∴ y = 50; x = 60
They started with 50 and 60 marbles,
12 Let x be the number of adult tickets
and finished with 30 each.
and y be the numbr of child tickets.
x + y = 960 (1) 30x + 12y = 19 080
9 Let x be the number of adult tickets and (2)
y be the number of child tickets. Multiply (1) by 12. 12x + 12y = 11 520
x + y = 150 (1) (1’)
4x + 1.5y = 560 (2) Subtract (1’) from (2).
Multiply (1) by 1.5. 18x = 7560
1.5x + 1.5y = 225 (1’) x = 420.
Subtract (1’) from (2) There were 420 adults and 540 children.
2.5x = 335
x = 134
13 0.1x + 0.07y = 1400 . . . (1)
Substitute in (1). y = 16
There were 134 adult tickets and 16 0.07x + 0.1y = 1490 . . . (2)
child tickets sold. From (1), x = (14 000 − 0.7y)
From (2):
10 Let a be the numerator and b be the 0.07(14 000 − 0.7y) + 0.1y = 1490
denominator.
∴ 980 − 0.049 y + 0.1y = 1490
a + b = 17 (1)
a+3 0.051y = 510
=1 (2).
b 510
From (2), a + 3 = b (1’) ∴ y=
Substitute in (1) .051
a + a + 3 = 17 = 10 000
From (1):
2a = 14
0.1x + 0.07 × 10 000 = 1400
a = 7 and hence b = 10.
7 0.1x = 1400 − 700
The fraction is
10
= 700
11 Let the digits be m and n. ∴ x = 7000
m+n=8 (1) So x + y = $17 000 invested.
10n + m − (n + 10m) = 36

12
 100s Substitute in (1):
14 + 20t = 10 000 . . . (1)
3  30x + 28 000 = 24(6000 − x) + 35 200
100  s   2t 
+ 20 = 6000
3 2 3 30x + 28 000 = 144 000 − 24x + 35 200
 50s  40t
∴ + = 6000 . . . (2) 54x = 151 200
3 3
From (1): ∴ x = 2800 ; y = 3200
100s
20t = 10 000 −
3
5s
∴ t = 500 − . . . (3)
3
Substitute
 50s   40into
 (2): 5s 
+ 500 − = 6000
3 3 3
 5s 
150s + 120 500 − = 54 000
3
150s + 60 000 − 200s = 54 000
−50s = −6000 17 Tea A = $10; B = $11, C = $12 per kg
B = C; C + B + A = 100
∴ s = 120 10A + 11B + 12C = 1120
Substitute into (3):
10A + 23B = 1120
5
t = 500 − × 120
3 ∴ A = 100 − 2B
= 500 − 200
10(100 − 2B) + 23B = 1120
∴ t = 300
He sold 120 shirts and 300 ties. 3B = 1120 − 1000
∴ B = 40
A = 20kg, B = C = 40 kg
15 Outback = x, BushWalker = y; x = 1.2y
200x + 350y = 177 000
200(1.2y) + 350y = 177 000
240y + 350y = 177 000
177 000
∴ y= = 300
590
∴ x = 1.2 × 300
= 360

16 Mydney = x jeans; Selbourne = y jeans

30x + 28 000 = 24y + 35 200 . . . (1)
x + y = 6000 . . . (2)
From (2): y = 6000 − x

13
Solutions to Exercise 1E
1 a x+3<4 i 4x − 4 ≤ 2
x < 4 − 3, ∴ x < 1 1
x − 1 ≤ ,∴ x ≤
3
2 2
b x−5>8
x > 8 + 5, ∴ x > 13 2 a 4x + 3 < 11
a x <4x2 < 8, ∴ x < 2
c 2x ≥ 6
2x 6
≥ , ∴ x≥3 –2 –1 0 1 2
2 2
x b 3x + 5 < x + 3
d ≤4
3 x <2x–1< −2, ∴ x < −1
 x b
3 ≤ 12, ∴ x ≤ 12
3
–2 –1 0 1 2
e −x ≥ 6
1
0≥6+x c (x + 1) − x > 1
2
−6 ≥ x, ∴ x ≤ −6 x 1
+ −x>1
2 2
f −2x < −6 x 1
− >
−x < −3 2 2
c x < –1 −x > 1, ∴ x < −1
0< x−3
3 < x, ∴ x > 3 –2 –1 0 1 2

g 6 − 2x > 10 d
1
(x + 3) ≥ 1
6
3−x>5
d x ≥x +3 3 ≥ 6, ∴ x ≥ 3
−x > 2
0> x+2 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
−2 > x, ∴ x < −2 2
e (2x − 5) < 2
3
3x
h −
4
≤6 2x − 5 < 3
−x ≤ 8 e x < 4 2x < 8, ∴ x < 4

0≤ x+8
−8 ≤ x, ∴ x ≥ −8 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4

14
 3x − 1 2x + 3 6x − 4 > −3
f − < −2
4 2
1
(3x − 1) − (4x + 6) < −8 6x > 1, ∴ x >
i x > 16 6
−x − 7 < −8
f 1 < −1, ∴ x > 1
x >−x 0 1 2 3

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
3 a 2x + 1 > 0
4x − 3 3x − 3
g − <3 1
2 3 2x > −1, ∴ x > −
2
4x − 3
− (x − 1) < 3
2 b 100 − 50x > 0
4x − 3 − (2x − 2) < 6 100 > 50x
2x − 1 < 6 2 > x, ∴ x < 2
7
g x < 32
1 2x < 7, ∴ x <
2 c 100 + 20x > 0
20x > −100, ∴ x > −5
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
1 − 7x 4 Let p be the number of sheets of paper.
h ≥ 10
−2 3p < 20
7x − 1
≥ 10 20
2 p<
3
7x − 1 ≥ 20 p ∈ Z, ∴ p = 6

d 3 ≥ 21, ∴ x ≥ 3
x ≥ 7x
66 + 72 + x
5 ≥ 75
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 3
138 + x ≥ 225
5x − 2 2 − x
i − > −1 ∴ x ≥ 87
3 3 Lowest mark:87
(5x − 2) − (2 − x) > −3

6 a,b

15
c,d

16
Solutions to Exercise 1F
1 a c = ab d T = d p + cq
= 6 × 3 = 18
e T = 60a + b
b r = p+q
= 12 + −3 = 9 3 a E = IR
= 5 × 3 = 15
c c = ab
c b C = pd
∴ b=
a
= 3.14 × 10 = 31.4
18
= =3
6 T 
c P=R
V
d r = p+q
150
∴ q=r−p = 60 × = 1000
9
= −15 − 3 = −18 E
d I=
√ R
e c= a 240
√ = = 12
= 9=3 20
√ e A = πrl
f c= a
∴ a = c2 = 3.14 × 5 × 20 = 314

= 92 = 81 f S = 90(2n − 4)
u = 90(6 × 2 − 4) = 720
g p=
v
10 c
= =5 4 a P V = c, ∴ V =
2 P
u
h p= F
v b F = ma, ∴ a =
m
∴ u = pv
I
= 2 × 10 = 20 c I = Prt, ∴ P =
rt

d w = H + Cr
2 a S =a+b+c
∴ Cr = w − H
b P = xy w−H
∴ r=
C
c C = 5p

17
 e S = P(1 + rt) 6 a l = 4a + 3w
S
∴ = 1 + rt b H = 2b + h
P
S S −P
∴ rt = − 1 = c A = 3 × (h × w) = 3hw
P P
S −P d
∴t=
rP Area = H × l − 3hw
2R = (4a + 3w)(2b + h) − 3hw
f V=
R−r
= 8ab + 6bw + 4ah + 3hw − 3hw
∴ (R − r)V = 2R
= 8ab + 6bw + 4ah
V − rV − 2R = 0
R(V − 2) = rV
7 a i Circle circumferences = 2π(p + q)
R(V − 2)
∴ r= Total wire length
V T = 2π(p + q) + 4h

T +2 ii T = 2π(20 + 24) + 4 × 28
5 a D=
P = 88π + 112
T +2
10 =
5 b A = πh(p + q)
T + 2 = 50, ∴ T = 48 A
∴ p+q=
1 πh
b A = bh A
2 ∴p= −q
10b πh
40 =
2
10b = 80, ∴ b = 8 T−M
8 a P=
D
1 8−4
c V = πhr2 6=
3 D
3V 2
∴h= 2 6D = 4, ∴ D =
πr 3
300 a a
= b H= +
25 × 3.14 3 b
12 6 6
= = 3.82 5= +
3.14 3 b
1 6
d A = h(a + b) =5−2=3
2 b
5 3b = 6, ∴ b = 2
50 = × (10 + b)
2
20 = 10 + b, ∴ b = 10

18
 90(2n − 4) 10 a Width of each arm = c
c a= b−c
n Length of each ofthe 8 arms =
90(2n − 4) 2
6= b−c
n P=8× + 4c
2
6n = 90(2n − 4)
= 4b − 4c + 4C = 4b
n = 15(2n − 4)
b Area of each piece = bc, but the
n = 30n − 60
centre area (c2 ) is counted twice
60 ∴ A = 2bc − c2
29n = 30, ∴ n =
29
r r c 2bc = A + c2
d R= +
a 3 A + c2
r r ∴ b=
4= + 2c
2 3
5r √
=4 11 a a= a + 2b
6
24 a2 = a + 2b
∴ r= = 4.8
5
2b = a(a − 1)
a
1 ∴ b = (a − 1)
9 a a Big triangle area = bc 2
2
1 b
Small triangle area = bk × ck a+x b−y
2 =
1 a−x b+y
= bck2
2 (a + x)(b + y) = (a − x)(b − y)
1
Shaded area D = bc(1 − k2 )
2 ab + bx + ay + xy = ab − bx − ay + xy
1 bx + ay = −bx − ay
b D = bc(1 − k2 )
2 2bx + 2ay = 0
2D
1 − k2 = 2bx = −2ay
bc
2D ay
k2 = 1 − ∴ x=−
bc b
r q
2D
∴ k = 1− c px = 3q − r2
bc
r p2 x2 = 3q − r2
2D
c k = 1− r2 = 3q − p2 x2
bc q
∴ r = ± 3q − p2 x2
r
4
= 1−
12
r √
2 6
= =
3 3

19
 s
x v2
d = 1−
y u2
x2 v2
= 1 −
y2 u2
v2 x2 y2 − x2
= 1 − =
u2 y2 y2
u2 2
v2 = (y − x2 )
y2
u
q
∴ v=± y2 − x2
y
s
 x2 
= ± (u2 ) 1 − 2
y

20
Solutions to Technology-free questions
1 a 2x + 6 = 8 2 a a−t =b
2x = 2, ∴ x = 1 a = t + b, ∴ t = a − b

b 3 − 2x = 6 at + b
b =d
3 c
−2x = 3, ∴ x = − at + b = cd
2
at =cd − b
c 2x + 5 = 3 − x
cd − b
2 ∴ t=
∴ 3x = −2, ∴ x = − a
3
3−x c a(t − c) = d
d =6
5 at − ac = d
3 − x = 30 at = d + ac
−x = 27, ∴ x = −27 d + ac d
∴ t= = +c
x a a
e = 4, ∴ x = 12
3 a−t
d =c
b−t
13x
f − 1 = 10 a − t = c(b − t)
4
13x a − t = cb − ct
= 11
4
−t + ct = cb − a
44
13x = 44, ∴ x = t(c − 1) = cb − a
13
cb − a
g 3(2x + 1) = 5(1 − 2x) ∴ t=
c−1
6x + 3 = 5 − 10x
at + b
1 e =1
16x = 2, ∴ x = ct − b
8
at + b = ct − b
3x + 2 3 − x
h + =5 at − ct = −2b
5 2
t(c − a) = 2b
2(3x + 2) + 5(3 − x) = 50
2b
6x + 4 + 15 − 5x = 50 ∴ t=
c−a
∴ x = 50 − 19 = 31

21
 1 x
f =d 4 z= − 3t
at + c 2
dat + dc = 1 1
x = z + 3t
2
dat = 1 − dc
∴ x = 2z + 6t
1 − dc When z = 4 and t = −3:
∴ t=
ad x = 2 × 4 + 6 × −3
= 8 − 18 = −10
3 a 2 − 3x > 0
2 > 3x 5 a d = e2 + 2 f
2 2
> x, ∴ x < b d − e2 = 2 f
3 3
1
b
3 − 2x
≥ 60 ∴ f = (d − e2 )
5 2
3 − 2x ≥ 300 c If d = 10 and e = 3,
1 1
−2x ≥ 297 f = (10 − 32 ) =
2 2
−297 ≥ 2x
297 6 A = 400π cm3
− ≥x
2
∴ x ≤ −148.5 7 The volume of metal in a tube is given
by the formula V = π`[r2 − (r − t)2 ],
c 3(58x − 24) + 10 < 70
where `, is the length of the tube, r is the
3(58 x − 24) < 60 radius of the outside surface and t is the
58x − 24 < 20 thickness of the material.
22
58x < 44, ∴ x < a ` = 100, r = 5 and t = 0.2
29
V = π × 100[52 − (5 − 0.2)2 ]
3 − 2x x − 7
d − ≤2 = π × 100(5 − 4.8)(5 + 4.8)
5 6
= π × 100 × 0.2 × 9.8
6(3 − 2x) − 5(x − 7) ≤ 60
= π × 20 × 9.8
18 − 12x − 5x − 35 ≤ 60
= 196π
53 − 17x ≤ 60
−17x ≤ 7 b ` = 50, r = 10 and t = 0.5
0 ≤ 17x + 7
7
− ≤x
17
7
∴ x≥ −
17

22
 V = π × 50[102 − (10 − 0.5)2 ] a u = 10, v = 20 and t = 5.
10 + 20
!
= π × 50(10 − 9.5)(10 + 9.5) s= ×5
2
= π × 50 × 0.5 × 19.5
= 75
= π × 25 × 19.5
975π b u = 10, v = 20 and s = 120.
=
2
10 + 20
!
120 = t
8 a A = πrs (r) 2
120 = 15t
A = πrs
t=8
A
r=
πs
b T = P(1 + rw) (w) 10 V = πr2 h where r cm is the radius and h
cm is the height
T = P(1 + rw) V = 500π and h = 10.

T = P + Prw 500π = πr2 × 10

√
T − P = Prw r2 = 50 and therefore
√ r = 5 2
T −P The radius is r = 5 2 cm.
w=
Pr
r
n− p 11 Let the lengths be x m and y m.
c v= (r) 10x + 5y = 205 (1)
r
3x − 2y = 2 (2)
n− p Multiply (1) by 2 and (2) by 5.
v2 =
r 20x + 10y = 410 (3)
r × v2 = n − p 15x − 10y = 10 (4)
n− p Add (3) and (4)
r= 2
v 35x = 420
x = 12 and y = 17.
The lengths are 12 m and 17 m.
d ac = b2 + bx (x)
m+1 1
ac = b2 + bx 12 = (1).
n 5
ac − b2 = bx m 1
= (2).
n−1 7
ac − b2 They become:
x=
b 5m + 5 = n (1) and 7m = n − 1
(2)
u + v
Substitute from (1) in (2).
9 s= t.
2 7m = 5m + 5 − 1

23
 m = 2 and n = 15. 8a − 2b = 22 (3)
Add (3) and (2).
28
13  Mr Adonis earns $7200 more than Mr 11a = 28 which implies a = .
11
Apollo 9
From(1), b = −
11
 Ms Aphrodite earns $4000 less than
b a = 2b + 11 (1)
Mr Apollo.
4a − 3b = 11 (2)
 If the total of the three incomes is Substitute from (1) in (2).
$303 200, find the income of each 4(2b + 11) − 3b = 11
person. 5b = −33
33
Let Mr Apollo earn $x. b=−
5
Mr Adonis earns $(x + 7200)
!
33 11
From (1), a = 2 × − + 11 = − .
Ms Aphrodite earns $(x − 4000) 5 5
We have
x + x + 7200 + x − 4000 = 303 200 15 Let t1 hours be the time spent on hig-
3x + 3200 = 303 200 ways and t2 hours be the time travelling
through towns.
3x = 300 000 t1 + t2 = 6 (1)
x = 100 000 80t1 + 24t2 = 424 (2)
Mr Apollo earns $100 000 ; Mr Adonis From (1) t2 = 6 − t1
earns $107 200 and Ms Aphrodite earns Substitute in (2).
$96 000. 80t1 + 24(6 − t1 ) = 424
56t1 = 424 − 6 × 24
t1 = 5 and t2 = 1.
14 a 4a − b = 11 (1) The car travelled for 5 hours on
3a + 2b = 6 (2) highways and 1 hour through towns.
Multiply (1) by 2.

24
Solutions to multiple-choice questions
1 D 3x − 7 = 11 72 + 15z
8 B >4
3
3x = 18
72 + 15z > 12
x=6
15z > −60
x 1 ∴ z > −4
2 D + =2
3 3
x+1=6 hw + k
9 A A=
w
x=5
Aw = hw + k
3 C x − 8 = 3x − 16 w(A − h) = k
−2x = −8 k
∴ w=
x=4 A−h
10 B Total time taken (hrs)
4 A 7 = 11(x − 2) x 8x 1
= + =
2.5 5 2
5 C 2(2x − y) = 10 2x 8x 1
∴ 4x − 2y = 20 + =
5 5 2
x + 2y = 0 10x 1
= , ∴ x =
1
5x = 20 5 2 4
1
∴ x = 4; y = −2 x = km = 250 m
4
6 C Average cost = total $/total items 11 E The lines y = 2x + 4 and y = 2x + 6
ax + by are parallel but have different y-axis
= intercepts.
x+y
Alternatively if 2x + 4 = 2x + 6 then
x + 1 2x − 1 4 = 6 which is impossible.
7 B − =x
4 6
3(x + 1) − 2(2x − 1) = 12x 12 B 5(x + 3) = 5x + 15 for all x.
3x + 3 − 4x + 2 = 12x
−13x = −5
5
∴x=
13

25
Solutions to extended-response questions
9
1 a F = C + 32
5
9
If F = 30, then 30 = C + 32
5
9
and C = −2
5
10
which implies C=−
9  10 ◦
◦
A temperature of 30 F corresponds to − C.
9
9
b If C = 30, then F= × 30 + 32
5
= 54 + 32 = 86
A temperature of 30 C corresponds to a temperature of 86◦ F.
◦

9
c x◦ C = x◦ F when x= x + 32
5
4
− x = 32
5
∴ x = −40
Hence −40◦ F = −40◦ C.

9
d x = (x + 10) + 32
5
5x = 9x + 90 + 160
−4x = 250
∴ x = −62.5

9
e x = (2x) + 32
5
−13x
= 32
5
−160
∴ x=
13
9
f k = (−3k) + 32
5
5k = −27k + 160
32k = 160
∴ k=5

26
 1 1 2
2 a + =
v u r
u+v 2
Obtain the common denominator =
vu r
vu r
Take the reciprocal of both sides =
u+v 2
2vu
Make r the subject r=
u+v
 2vu  2vu
b m= v− ÷( − u)
u+v u+v
v2 − vu uv − u2
= ÷
u+v u+v
2
v − vu u+v
= ×
u+v uv − u2
v(v − u) v
= =
u(v − u) u

3 a wm

lm

The total length of wire is given by T = 6w + 6l.

w
b i If w = 3l, then T = 6w + 6
3
= 8w

ii If T = 100, then 8w = 100

25
Hence w=
2
w
l=
3
25
=
6

c i L = 6x + 8y
Make y the subject 8y = L − 6x
L − 6x
and y=
8

27
 ii When L = 200 and x = 4,
200 − 6 × 4
y=
8
176
= = 22
8
d The two types of mesh give
6x + 8y = 100 (1)
and 3x + 2y = 40 (2)
Multiply (2) by 2 6x + 4y = 80 (3)
Subtract (3) from (1) to give 4y = 20
Hence y=5
Substitute in (1) 6x + 40 = 100
Hence x = 10

4 u km/h v km/h

A d km B
a At time t hours, Tom has travelled ut km and Julie has travelled vt km.

b i The sum ofthe two distances must be d when they meet.

Therefore ut + vt = d
d
and t=
u+v

d
They meet after hours.
u+v
d ud
ii The distance from A is u × = km.
u+v u+v
30 × 100
c If u = 30, v = 50 and d = 100, the distance from A =
30 + 50
= 37.5 km
100
The time it takes to meet is = 1.25 hours.
30 + 50
5 u km/h v km/h

A d km B

28
 d
a The time taken to go from A to B is hours. The time taken to go from B to A is
u
d
hours.
v
d d
The total time taken = +
u v
d d
Therefore, average speed = 2d ÷ +
u v
dv + du
= 2d ÷
uv
uv
= 2d ×
d(u + v)
2uv
= km/h
u+v

b i The time to go from A to B is T hours.

d
Therefore T= (1)
u
d
The time for the return trip = (2)
v
From (1) d = uT
and substituting in (2) gives
uT
the time for the return trip = .
v
uT
ii The time for the entire trip = T +
v
vT + uT
= hours.
v
6 a a km/h 2b km/h

A 9 km B
One-third of the way is 3 km.
3 6
The time taken = +
a 2b
3 3
= +
a b

29
 b The return journey is 18 km and therefore, if the man is riding at 3c km/h,
18
the time taken =
3c
6
=
c

Therefore, if the time taken to go from A to B at the initial speeds is equal to the
time taken for the return trip travelling at 3c km/h,
6 3 3
then = +
c a b
2 1 1
and hence = +
c a b
2 1 1
c i = +
c a b
a+b
=
ab
To make c the subject, take the reciprocal of both sides.
c ab
=
2 a+b
2ab
and c=
a+b

ii If a = 10 and b = 20, c = 400 ÷ 30

40
=
3
x
7 a hours at 8 km/h
8
y
hours at 10 km/h
10
x y
b Average speed = (x + y) ÷ +
8 10
10x + 8y
= (x + y) ÷
80
80
= (x + y) ×
10x + 8y
80(x + y)
=
10x + 8y
x y
c 10 × + 8 × = 72
8 10
and, from the statement of the problem,
x + y = 70 (1)

30
 Therefore simultaneous equations in x and y
5x 4y
+ = 72 (2)
4 5
Multiply (2) by 20 25x + 16y = 1440 (3)
Multiply (1) by 16 16x + 16y = 1120 (4)
Subtract (4) from (3)
9x = 320
320 310
which gives x= and y = .
9 9
8 First solve the simultaneous equations:
2y − x = 2 (1)
y + x = 7. (2)
Add (1) and (2).
3y = 9
y = 3 and from (2) x = 4.
Now check in
y − 2x = −5 (3)
LHS = 3 − 8 = −5 = RHS.
The three lines intersect at (4, 3).

31