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Audio and Video Compression

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12 views

Audio and Video Compression

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Uploaded by

jahirkhan.ice.nstu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Audio Compression Introduction * Audio signal or analog signal uses PCM Digitization process which involves SAMPLING, * Sampling rate > or = to ; 2(Highest frequency component). * Band-limited Signal; When the BW of comm. Channel to be used is less than minimum sampling rate then signal needs to be bandlimited. © Speech Signal:(15Hz-10kHz) © Max. freq. component is 10kHz © Minimum Sampling rate: 2x10=20 ksps ® Bits per sample=12bits per sample * Bit rate used: (Sampling rate X Bits per sample) =240 kbps * General Audio Signal:(50Hz-20kHz) * Max, freq. component is 20kHz * Minimum Sampling rate: 2x20=40 ksps * Bits per sample=16 bits per sample * Bit rate used: 1.28 Mbps In most MM applications, BW of communication channel that are available does not support such high bit rates of 240kbps and 1,28Mbps but offers less bit rates... 2@ So what is the solution?????? There are two solutions. ..they are......... Solution 1:Audio signal is sampled at lower rate! (BAD ONE) © * Merit: Simple to implement * Demerit: 1.Quality of decoded signal is reduced resulting in loss of HF components from orignal signal 2. Use of few bps results in high Q, Solution 2: Compression Algorithm can be used! (GOOD ONE) © ® Give good perceptual quality * Reduced BW requirement Further discussion is on Audio Compression Methods,..... 1. Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) © Differential pulse code modulation is a derivative of the standard PCM © It uses the fact that the range of differences in amplitudes between ss than the range of successive samples of the audio waveform is the actual sample amplitudes © Hence fewer bits are required to represent the difference signals than in case of PCM for the same sampling rate. * Itreduces the bit rate requirements from 64kbps to 56kbps. DPCM Principles DPCM signal encoder PEM DPCM fe i feos” | Beoatiming Lol aise ie ey signal comwortar tt Rogistor timing be “tr ‘nekes contral DPCAA signet! decoder MA BREA — | oe cele = lowpass: | pac Regisior bea) adior eee i ¢ Timing Le contol Operation of DPCM: Encoder * Previously digitized sample is held in the register (R) * The DPCM signal is computed by subtracting the current contents (R,) from the new output by the ADC (PCM) * The register value is then updated before transmission © DPCM=PCM-R, Decoder * Decoder simply adds the previous register contents (PCM) with the DPCM © R=R,+DPCM Limitation of DPCM: * ADC operations introduces quantization errors each time and will introduce cumulative errors in the value stored in the register(R). * So previous value (R) is only approximation !! @...We really need more accurate version of previous signal that we got in..............25 © XY

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