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Nagu Transformer

This document describes a physics investigatory project on studying different types of transformers. It includes a certificate of completion, acknowledgements, objectives, theory on how transformers work, materials required, procedures for building a step-down and step-up transformer, conclusions about how output voltage depends on the turn ratio, and precautions when working with transformers. The project was completed by a class 12 student under the guidance of their physics teacher to fulfill CBSE board practical exam requirements.

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69 views14 pages

Nagu Transformer

This document describes a physics investigatory project on studying different types of transformers. It includes a certificate of completion, acknowledgements, objectives, theory on how transformers work, materials required, procedures for building a step-down and step-up transformer, conclusions about how output voltage depends on the turn ratio, and precautions when working with transformers. The project was completed by a class 12 student under the guidance of their physics teacher to fulfill CBSE board practical exam requirements.

Uploaded by

pinkesharma439
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

TRANSFORMER
Supervised by: - Submitted by:-
Mr. Sunil Jatav Kartik Sharma

PGT, Physics Class :- XII ‘B’

Kendriya vidyalaya No-2 Kendriya vidyalaya No-2 AFS Hindon , ghaziabad


AFS Hindon gzb
Certificate
This is to certify that KARTIK SHARMA, a
student of class XII-B has successfully completed
the research on Study of different types of
transformers under the guidance of MR. SUNIL
JATAV (School Teacher) during the year 2019-20
in partial fulfilment of Physics practical
examination conducted CBSE Board, New Delhi.

Signature of the external examiner Signature of the Physics teacher

Acknowledgement
In the accomplishment of this project successfully many people have
best owned upon me as their blessing and the heart pledged support,
this time I am utilizing to thank all the people who have been
concerned with project.
Primarily I would like to thank god for being able to complete this
project with success. Then I would like to thank my Physics teacher
Mr. SUNIL JATAV Sir whose valuable guidance has been the ones
that helped me patch this project and make it full proof success his
suggestions and instructions has served as the major contribution.
Then I would like to thanks my Parents and Friends who have
helped me with their valuable suggestions and guidance have been
helpful in the various phases of the completion of this project. Last I
would like to thank Myself for my determination and hard work
required for the completion in this project.

Index
1. Certificate of Excellence
2. Acknowledgement
3. Aim of the project
4. Theory
5. Material required
6. Procedure
7. Conclusion
8. Precautions
9. Bibliography
Objective
The objective of this experiment is to Study the
Different Types of Transformers

Theory
The transformer is a device used to convert a low alternating voltage
to a high alternating voltage or vice versa. It is based on the principal
of mutual induction. A transformer which increases the voltage is
called a step up transformer and which decreases the voltage is called
a step down transformer.When an alternating e.m.f is supplied to the
primary coil, an alternating current starts flowing in it. The alternating
current produces a changing magnetic flux, which induces alternating
voltage.
Let,
● Ep and Esare the instantaneous values of the E.M.F induced in
primary and secondary coil.
● Np and Nsare the no. of turns in primary and secondary coil.

● dφ/dt=rate of change of flux in each turn.

Therefore,
Ep = - Np(d /dt)
φ .……(1)
Es = - Ns(d /dt)
φ ……(2)
1.If there is no leakage of flux
By dividing Eq (2) by Eq (1), we have
Es/ Ep= Ns/ Np.…… (3)
2.If there is no power loss
P p= P s
E p x I p = E s x Is
E s / E p = I p/ I s ………(4)
Hence,


Step Up Transformer

Current in secondary is weaker when secondary voltage is higher.Hence, whatever


we gain in voltage, we lose in current in the same ratio. A step up transformer
actually steps down the current and step up voltage. In this type of transformer:-
Ns> Np and Es >Ep
Step Down Transformer

Current in secondary is weaker when secondary voltage is higher. Hence,


whatever we gain in voltage, we lose in current in the same ratio. A step down
transformer actually steps up the current and step down voltage. In this type of
transformer:-
Ns< Np and Es < E p
Efficiency
Efficiency of a transformer is defined as the ratio of output power to
the input power. For an ideal transformer, its value is 1.
But in practical due to different kind of energy loss,
Circuit Diagram
Energy Loss
1. Copper loss: -It is energy loss in the form of heat in the copper coils of a
transformer. This is due to joule heating of conducting wires.
2. Iron loss: -It is the loss in the form of heat in the iron ore of transformer.
This is due to formation of eddy current in iron core, it is minimised by
using laminated core.

3. Leakage of magnetic flux: -It occur inspite of best insulation. Rate of


change of magnetic flux linked with each turn of secondary coil is less than
rate of change in magnetic flux linked with each turn of primary coil.

4. Hysteresis Loss: -It is loss of energy due to repeated magnetization and


demagnetization of the iron core.

Material Required
1.Iron
2.Copper wire

3.Voltmeter

4.Ammeter

Procedure
● Step Down Transformer
1. Take a thick iron rode and cover it with thick paper and wind a
100 turns of copper wire on it. This constitutes primary coil of the
transformer.
2. Cover the primary coil with a sheet of paper and wound 50 turns
of copper wire on it. This constitutes the secondary coil.
3. Now measure the input and output voltage of the transformer.

● Step Up Transformer
1. Take a thick iron rode and cover it with thick paper and wind a 50
turns of copper wire on it. This constitutes primary coil of the
transformer.
2. Cover the primary coil with a sheet of paper and wound 100 turns
of copper wire on it. This constitutes the secondary coil.
3. Now measure the input and output voltage of the transformer.

Conclusion
1. The output voltage of the transformer depend the ratio of the no.
of turns in primary coil to no. of turns in secondary coil.
2. On increase in no. of turns of primary coil the current the output
current also increase.
Precautions
1. Keep yourself safe from high voltage.
2. Minimise the formation of eddy current.
3. While taking reading the current and voltage of the primary coil
should remain constant.

Bibliography
1. Help From Internet
2. Help From Teacher

3. Help From Library

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