FIELD STUDY 2 Course Description and Course Learning Outcomes: This course is a

continuation of Field Study 1 that adheres to the philosophy which will be formulated by the
students on the premise of participation and teaching assistantship. It is school based and allows
a pre-service student to observe demonstrated knowledge of learning environments that motivate
21st century learners to work productively, assume responsibility for their own learning,
participate, and assist in limited actual teaching learning activities that relate to learning
assessment, understanding the role of assessment data as feedback in teaching and learning
practices and programs (5.5.1), selection, development and use of a variety of teaching and
learning resources including ICT (4.5.1) in preparation of the bulletin boards and instructional
materials. Further, exhibits skill in planning classroom routines concerning learners’ safety and
security (2.1). in the classroom; A portfolio which will contain sample lesson of learning plans
and demonstration teaching of at least one subject content using differentiated teaching to suit
the learners’ gender, needs, strengths, interests and experiences (3.1.1) will be required; an
action research shall be encouraged to start in this course to seek advice concerning strategies
that build relationship with parents/guardians and the wider community (6.2.1) which will be
concluded and critiqued during the internship.

NAME: MAY ANN C. OMOYON SUBJECT: GENERAL CURRICULUM

GRADE LEVEL OBSERVED: GRADE 2 NAME OF MENTOR: RIMA V. CADIZ

EPISODE 3

EPISODE 3-selection, development and use of a variety of teaching and learning resources
including ICT

OBSERVE:
This lesson will guide you in understandinghow to properly prepare appropriate instructional
materials. Specifically, the objectives of this lesson are the following:
1. Determine the different instructional materials;
2. Explain the principles in selecting and using instructional materials; and
3. Evaluate instructional materials

Educational Theory

In preparing appropriate instructional materials, the use of all the five senses is very
significant. They use hearing through audio aids like the cassette recorder and voice recorder, ,
sights through visual aids like charts and posters, websites and printed sources like handouts and
books, touch through resources like specimens and models, and also, to a lesser extent, taste and
smell, for example, in cookery.

Also more than one sense can be combined in a visual aid such as film, tape-slide
presentation, or a web-based presentation which combines both hearing and sight. It is important
to remember thatlearning materials should be about creating multimedia-giving students the best
possible opportunity to learn using a range of tools and techniques (Reece & Walker 2003)

There are also guiding principles in using instructional materials according to Corpuz &
Salandanan (2013)
1. All instructional materials are aids to instruction . They do not replace the teacher.
2. Choose the instructional material that best suits your instructional objectives.
3. If possible , use a variety of tools.
4. Check out your instructional materials before class starts to be sure it is working properly.

Guided Practice

Observe a class for a week.

Activities
A. List the top 10 most used instructional materials of your Cooperating Teacher in his/her
classes.
Top 1: Textbooks
Top 2: Charts and graphs
Top 3: Videos
Top 4: Postcards
Top 5: Flipcharts
Top 6: Graphic organizers
Top 7: Educational games
Top 8: Animations
Top 9: Whiteboards and markers
Top 10: Bulletin boards

Evaluate an instructional material (IM) used by your Cooperating Teacher using the
checklist below:
Evaluation of Instructional Material
Preview YES NO NA
1. Did your cooperating teacher check in advance:

(a) That he/ she has not used too many IMS

(b) That he/she has not used too few IMs; and

(c) That his/her instructional materials worked

Presentation
2. Can the IMs be seen or heard?

3. Is it used for too long or not long enough?

4. Is the instruction clear? (Does it aid learning?

Design
5. Will it work (black out, bulbs, leads)?

6. Is there a logical sequence?

7. Is the time for use about, right?

8. Can it be misinterpreted?

9. Is there enough or too much variety?

10. Is there enough or too much color?

11. Is it well made?

Use
 12. Has your cooperating teacher invited the cooperation of the
students? ✔️

13. Does it attract attention?

✔️
14. Has your cooperating teacher decided how it will be
introduced?
15. Does it supplement verbal information? ✔️

16. Does it hold attention?

✔️
17. Is it challenging for the students?

18. Does it consolidate learning? ✔️

✔️

✔️

B. Explain the guiding principles in selecting and using instructional materials

1. All instructional materials are aids to instruction. They do not replace the teacher.
Answer:
The role of the teacher is irreplaceable; their knowledge, flexibility, and one-on-one
guidance are crucial for creating understanding and enabling a meaningful learning experience.
While instructional materials support and enhance the teaching process, they are not a substitute
for the teacher.

2. Choose the instructional material that best suits your instructional objectives.
Answer:
In order to meet the objectives of instruction, I believe that I must concentrate on
developing students' skills. To this end, interactive activities and hands-on manipulatives can be
used, and visual aids like charts and diagrams can be used to reinforce conceptual understanding.
These examples highlight the significance of choosing instructional materials that are in line with
particular learning goals.

3. If possible, use a variety of tools.

Answer:
If possible, I can use the variety tools of such as flashcards, flipcharts, models or integrate
the technology tools for the watching of videos and animations that might help them better
understand the lesson properly.

4. Check out your instructional material before class starts to be sure it is working
properly.
Answer:
It is imperative that instructional materials be checked before classes begin in order to
guarantee seamless delivery, avoid technical difficulties, efficiently manage time, increase
instructor confidence, improve student engagement, exhibit professionalism, make technology
integration easier, and offer chances for flexibility and continuous improvement.

Processing

Examine the data you have gathered. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the importance of using appropriate instructional materials in the class?
Answer:
In order to build a dynamic and productive learning environment, it is imperative that
teachers employ suitable instructional resources in the classroom. These materials not only
support lesson structure but also improve knowledge, engage students through a variety of
mediums, encourage information retention, and accommodate multiple learning styles.

2. What common instructional materials does your cooperating teacher use in his/her classes?
Answer:
The common instructional materials my cooperating teacher use in her class are the
textbooks, visual aids, models, and handouts.

3. Do the top 10 most used instructional materials of your cooperating teacher use more than one
sense?
Answer:
1. Multimedia presentations
2. Hands-on Activities and manipulatives
3. Demonstration
4. Models
5. Visual aids
6. Readings
7. Discussions
8. slideshows
9. Interactive whiteboards
10. Online resources

Reflection

Write your reflection by completing the following statements:

I realized that:
Answer:
It has dawned on me that a well-thought-out selection and integration of multisensory
educational materials is essential to effective teaching. Teachers frequently employ a range of
resources, including interactive whiteboards, multimedia presentations, hands-on exercises,
instructional games, and demonstrations, in recognition of the diversity of learning styles among
their pupils. This method recognizes that learning is a process that is not one-size-fits-all, and by
utilizing the senses of touch, sound, and vision, teachers may create a more inclusive and
thorough learning environment. The utilization of these varied teaching resources promotes a
dynamic and productive learning environment by increasing student involvement,
comprehension, and retention of the material.

I believe it is essential to:

Answer:
Incorporating a range of multisensory instructional materials is crucial for
accommodating various learning styles, improving comprehension, encouraging active
engagement, aiding in retention, establishing a dynamic learning environment, accommodating
individual needs, promoting real-world connections, and cultivating a positive learning
environment.

From now on, I am determined to:

Answer:
I'm determined to understand more about the significance of employing appropriate
teaching materials, typical items that educators utilize, and how these products frequently
stimulate different senses for optimal learning. When it comes to choosing and implementing
educational resources that meet the requirements of my students, encouraging participation, and
creating a lively learning atmosphere, I should be doing well. Whether I am a student or an
instructor, applying this understanding can help to make education more inclusive and
successful.

Source, Greg Tabios Pawilen, et.al. (2019). Rex Printing Company, Inc.Quezon City.

Signature of the FS Student: _________________________________

Date Accomplished: ________________________________________

Name and signature of the Resource Teacher: _____________________________________

Date signed: ____________________________

Understanding Instructional Resources

Instructional resources provide information and tools to dtraw upon in order to support
teaching and learning activities. This lesson is designed to help you in understanding the
different instructional resources and its application to teaching and learning. Specifically, the
objectives of this lesson are the following:
1. Discuss the importance of instructional resources for teaching and learning;
2. Identify the different typesn of instructional resources; and
3. Analyze how these resources are applied in teaching and learning.

Educational Theory

Instructional resources are the keys to achieving lesson goals and objectives. It is a broad
range of materials that can be used to facilitate effective teaching. Any resource or material that
help teachers in teaching is considered as instructional resources. In a learner-centered
environment, teachers need to have access to a wide range of instructional resources in order to
better help students in the development of their knowledge, skills, and attitudes and to provide
them with meaningful experiences that will support them in learning.

Studies have shown that instructional resources have great implication to teaching and
learning (Nacario 2014; Okongo et.al.2015; Olayinka 2016 Maharaj-Sharma et.al. 2017). To
ensure a meaningful and effective delivery of the lesson, it is essential for teachers to consider
the relevance, quality, and currency of instructional resources to be used. In selecting
instructional resources, it is also important for teachers to ensure that it is tailored to the content
of the lesson to be taught and to the learning style of students. As what Shulman (1986) said,
learners are unlikely to appear in the classroom as blank slates, hence, it is important to consider
the knowledge and capability of the learners in choosing instructional resources to be used in
teaching and learning activities.

There are varieties of instructional resources that are commonly used to aid teaching and
learning activities; these includes:
1. Digital learning resources (digital media, documents in digital formats, software and
applications, websites);
2. Non-digital learning resources (printed materials such as textbooks, workbooks,
research journals, etc.);
3. Graphic organizers or visual presntations; and
4. Teacher-made resources (improvised teaching materials).

In addition to these resources, the DepEd has also adopted the implementation of the
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS) where teachers can access
lesson exemplars, teacher’s guides, and curriculum guides that will help them in the delivery of
the lesson in a particular grade level.
Guided Practice

A. Preliminary Activity: Find answers to the following questions:

1. Does the school have library facilities? Yes
2. Does the library contain textbooks and other reference materials? Yes
3. Do teachers and students have access to the library resources? Yes
4. Do teachers have a copy of the K to 12 curriculum guides? Yes
5. Do teachers have a copy of the teacher’s guide? Yes
6. Do teachers have access to the Internet? Yes
7. Do teachers have access to technology tools? Yes
8. Does the school provide training of teachers in the use of varied instructional resources? Yes

B. Request permission to conduct an interview with teachers. Identify the instructional resources
used by teachers in teaching and learning.
1. What are the types of instructional resources used by teachers to motivate learners about the
lesson?
Answer:
To inspire and involve students in lessons, teachers employ a range of teaching resources,
such as visual aids like graphs and charts, technology-based tools like educational apps, real-
world examples like case studies and guest speakers, interactive games, hands-on manipulatives,
storytelling, group activities, inquiry-based learning through projects and research, personalized
learning materials, incentives and rewards.

2. What are the types of instructional resources used by teachers in the delivery of the content of
the lesson?
Answer:
To effectively teach content, teachers employ a variety of instructional resources. These
include visual aids like graphs and charts, technology-based tools like digital presentations and
educational software, real-world examples from case studies and guest speakers, interactive
games and quizzes, hands-on manipulatives, storytelling, group activities, and collaborative
projects; inquiry-based learning with research projects and problem-solving techniques; flexible
learning materials to accommodate different learning styles.

3. What types of instructional resources are used by teachers in the assessment of students’
academic performance?
Answer:
To thoroughly evaluate students' academic performance and understanding, teachers
employ a range of instructional resources, including: standard tests at the state or national level;
alternative assessments like projects and portfolios; formative assessments like exit tickets and
classroom discussions; technology-based assessments like online quizzes and educational apps;
observations through classroom observations and performance assessments; rubrics and
checklists for scoring and tracking; self-assessment tools like reflections and goal setting;
diagnostic assessments like pre-assessments and readiness assessments; feedback mechanisms
like written comments and conferences; and peer assessment techniques like peer review.

Processing

Review the data you have gathered carefully. Answer the following questions:

1. How essential is the use of varied instructional resources to teaching and learning?
Answer:
In order to provide a more effective and enriching educational experience, it is imperative
that educators use a variety of instructional resources. These resources should be used to
accommodate a wide range of learning styles, improve motivation and engagement, address
multiple intelligences, encourage critical thinking and problem-solving, facilitate real-world
connections, adapt to technological advancements, encourage collaboration and communication,
provide varying degrees of challenge, foster creativity and innovation, and increase retention and
recall.

2. Aside from the K to 12 Curriculum Guide and Teachers’ Guide, what is the most essential
instructional resource?
Answer:
Beyond the K to 12 Curriculum Guide and Teachers' Guide, one of the most essential
instructional resources is the incorporation of diverse and interactive learning materials tailored
to the specific needs and interests of students.

3. In the absence of available instructional resources, what is the best thing that a teacher should
do to support teaching and learning activities?
Answer:
To ensure a positive and productive learning environment, teachers should use their
creativity and interactive teaching methods when there are no instructional resources available.
Some of these methods include using everyday objects, facilitating class discussions,
encouraging student-generated content, promoting peer learning, incorporating role-playing and
hands-on activities, employing analogies and metaphors, making real-world connections,
adapting teaching methods based on student responses, utilizing student experiences, integrating
various teaching modes, encouraging exploration, setting up virtual sessions with experts, and
fostering self-directed learning.

Reflection

Write your reflection by completing the following statements:

I realized that:
Answer:
I've come to understand that a flexible and varied approach to instructional resources is
essential for both effective teaching and learning. A range of tools, including as interactive
activities, technology, real-world examples, and visual aids, support critical thinking, increase
engagement, and accommodate different learning styles. But without certain tools, a teacher's
imagination, flexibility, and focus on student involvement become essential to establishing a
productive and happy learning environment. Overcoming resource constraints and guaranteeing
a significant educational experience depend heavily on the capacity to adapt, promote active
engagement, and relate teachings to students' experiences.

I believed it is essential to:

Answer:
Educators must adopt a multimodal teaching style that uses a variety of educational
resources, fosters student creativity, and adjusts to their students' individual needs and
preferences. By fostering inclusion, critical thinking, making connections to the real world, and
developing the skills necessary for success in both academic and practical situations, this method
guarantees a dynamic and engaging learning environment.

From now on, I am determined to:

Answer:
I am determined to combine a variety of instructional resources, encouraging creativity
and adaptability, encouraging active student engagement, and utilizing a range of teaching
techniques to support effective teaching and learning activities with my future students, I am
determined to create a dynamic and engaging learning environment. I hope that by using a
variety of ways, even when traditional resources are unavailable, I will demonstrate my
commitment to giving my students a well-rounded education.

Source, Greg Tabios Pawilen, et.al. (2019). Rex Printing Company, Inc.Quezon City.

Signature of the FS Student: _________________________________

Date Accomplished: ________________________________________

Name and signature of the Resource Teacher: _____________________________________

Date signed: ____________________________

Graphic Organizers as Resources for Visual Presentation

A graphic organizer is a type of visual presentation used to demonstrate relationship of

facts and ideas with the lesson being taught. This topic will guide you in understanding how
graphic organizers will help improve instruction. Specifically, the objectives of this lesson are
the following:
 Observe how graphic organizers and visual presentations are being used for teaching
and learning;
 Discuss the important benefits of using graphic organizers and visual presentations to
students; and
 Integrate graphic organizers and visual presentations in lesson plans.

Educational Theory

It is said that a picture is worth a thousand words; we make meaning out of pictures and
translate abstract images into realistic ones. According to 3M Visual Systems Division (1997),
visual aids have been found to have improved learning by up to 400 percent. Hence, using
graphic organizers as instructional resources can help improve teaching and learning activities.

In a study conducted by Johal (2011), he concluded that the use of mind mapping in
teaching mathematics has made learning enjoyable and fun, it helped learners gain a deeper
understanding of the mathematics topics and have improved their mathematics achievement.
This means that graphic organizers such as mind mapping and the likes are useful resources for
instruction.

Graphic Organizer and visual presentations are communication tools used to present and
demonstrate the relationship of facts and ideas related to the lesson being taught. It serves a
guide for learners and helps them develop creative and critical thinking skills as it encourages
visual analysis of the concept map or diagram being presented. Graphic organizers can be used
during brainstorming of ideas, motivating learners, and in assessing student learning. Some
examples of graphic organizers are the following:
 Concept maps
 Mind maps
 Webs
 Plots
 Venn diagram
 Flow charts
 Tables; and graphs

Guided Practice

A. Find answers to the questions indicated in the following forms of graphic organizers
1. Tables can be used for brainstorming and assessment of learners’ prior knowledge about the
topic
Topic: Graphic Organizers
List anything that comes in your mind about the topic:
 Mind Map
 Flowchart
 Storyboard
 KWL Chart
 Venn Diagram
How will you use graphic organizers in teaching?
 Brainstorming
 Introduction to New Topics
 Comparison and Contrast

What do you think are the benefits of using graphic organizers?

 Visual Representation
 Organization of Information
 Clarity and focus
 Connection of Ideas
 Differentiation
 Enhance Memory Retention

Processing:

Draw a concept map about graphic organizers. Identify the benefits of using graphic organizers
in student learning.

“Visual Representation”
“Organization of Information”
 Concrete Concept  Structure
 Enhanced Understanding  Reduced Cognitive Load
 Improved Retention

“Enhanced
BENEFITS OF Memory Retention”
“Differentiation”
GRAPHIC
 Visual Elements
 Adaptable ORGANIZER
 Structured Formats
 Catering to Learning
Styles

“Effective Note-Taking”
“Facilitation of Collaboration”
 Summarization
 Key Points
 Group Settings
 Structured Notes
 Teamwork
 Idea Exchange
 The use of graphic organizers in the classroom improves understanding through the use of
visual aids, organizes and clarifies information, stimulates active learning, makes connections
between concepts, accommodates a variety of learning styles, strengthens memory retention,
supports critical thinking, facilitates effective note-taking, improves writing skills, increases
content retention, fosters collaboration, and exhibits subject- and grade-level versatility.

Reflection

Write your reflection by completing the following statements:

I realized that:

I came to see the many uses and advantages of graphic organizers in the classroom. By
offering visual representations, encouraging order and clarity, actively involving students,
developing critical thinking, enhancing communication and writing abilities, and taking into
account a variety of learning preferences, graphic organizers considerably enhance student
learning. The fact that graphic organizers may be used in a variety of subjects and academic
levels to support note-taking, problem-solving, and group projects emphasizes their adaptability.
The general thread running across all of the comments is that graphic organizers are useful
resources that enhance various facets of the learning process.

I believe it is essential to:

To encourage successful student learning, graphic organizers must be incorporated into

instructional strategies. When it comes to improving understanding, information organization,
critical thinking, and engagement, graphic organizers are invaluable. They promote
communication, accommodate a variety of learning preferences, and help students retain
information better. One effective tactic for developing a vibrant and encouraging learning
environment is the integration of graphic organizers into lessons.

From now on, I am determined to:

I'm determined to put this knowledge into practice by thinking about using visual
organizers in my study and teaching methods to improve engagement, organization, and
comprehension. Using these resources into my methods can help make the process of learning
and teaching more organized and successful, whether I'm a student or an instructor.

Source, Greg Tabios Pawilen, et.al. (2019). Rex Printing Company, Inc.Quezon City.
Signature of the FS Student: _________________________________

Date Accomplished: ________________________________________

Name and signature of the Resource Teacher: _____________________________________

Date signed: ____________________________