Rules on Passage Narration

By: Md. Mojammil Hossen, Senior Teacher of English, JCPSC, Sylhet. Mobile: 01716262745
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Rule-1: Reported speech-এর মধ্যে ক োধ্ ো ব্েক্তি ব্ো প্রোণীর োম যধ্র ডো োর ব্েব্হোর থো ধ্ে তো reporting verb-এর সধ্ে সংযু ি হধ্ব্।
{If there is a use of calling the name of a person or animal in the reported speech, it will be connected with the
reporting verb}.
কযম : He said, ‘Maliha, do not quarrel.’ (ক্তিক্ষক করবেন) Answer: He forbade Maliha to quarrel.
Try yourself: (শিক্ষার্থীরা করবে)1. I said, ‘Anwar, you will come to Sylhet tomorrow with your friend.’ 2. Rina said, ‘You did not do
well in the examination, Kamal.’ 3. The teacher said, ‘Hasan, you must buy new English book as early as possible.’4. The mistress of
the house said, ‘You need not come here tomorrow, Shuvo.’ 5. She said, ‘Nipa, you are a very good, sincere and hardworking girl.’ 6.
They said, ‘Rafiq, you will attend the meeting.’7. Kamal said, ‘Rana, do you know me?’
Rule-2: Reporting verb-টি মোধ্ে ব্ো কিধ্ে থো ধ্েও indirect রোর সময় তোধ্ sentence-এর শুরুধ্ত ক্ত ধ্য় আসধ্ত হধ্ব্।
{When the reporting verb is placed in the middle or at the last of the sentence while converting it into
Indirect you have to put it after the subject in starting of the sentence.}
কযম :
‘You look a little bit like my mother,’ Jerry said to the authoress, ‘Especially in the dark by the fire.’
Answer: Jerry said to the authoress that she looked a little bit like his mother especially in the dark by the fire.
Try yourself: (শিক্ষার্থীরা করবে)1. ‘You have to read English more and more,’ the teacher said to the students, ‘Otherwise, you will
not cut a good figure in English.’2. ‘Nazrul is not only the national poet of Bangladesh,’ father said to his son, ‘But also a rebel
poet.’3. ‘Most of the students of our college are weak in English,’ she said, ‘they are not sincere enough in English.’ 4. ‘Follow my
example,’ she said to me, ‘and never eat more than one thing for luncheon.’ 4. ‘I have made a terrible mistake,’ said the man, ‘I have
forgotten to pay my exam fee.’
Rule-3: পর পর দুটি উক্তি থো ধ্ে also said/and added/also asked হয়। ক্ত ন্তু ক্তত টি উক্তি থো ধ্ে also added/further
added/again said ইতেোক্তি ব্েব্হোর রধ্ত হয়। কযম :
{If there are two quotes then also said / and added / also asked. But if there are three sayings also added / further
added / again said etc. are to be used}. Such as:
Jerry said, ‘I can chop some wood today. I shall come again tomorrow.’
Answer: Jerry said that he could chop some wood that day and added that he would go again the next day.
Try yourself: (শিক্ষার্থীরা করবে)1. The man said to me, ‘Please, lend me some money. I shall return it to you tomorrow.’ 2. I said to
the little girl, ‘What is your name? What class do you read in?’ 3. She said to me, ‘I sent the parcel to my mother yesterday. She will
get it most probably tomorrow.’ 4. She said to me, ‘What is your name. Where do you live?’ 4. He said to us, ‘I came here yesterday.
I will go to Sirajgonj tomorrow.’
Rule-4: Yes/no থো ধ্ে যথোক্রধ্ম replied in the affirmative that এব্ং replied in the negative that ব্েব্হোর রধ্ত হয়।
{If yes / no then reply in the affirmative that and replied in the negative that are to be used respectively.}
কযম : ‘Yes, I have finished reading the book,’ I replied.
Answer: I replied in the affirmative that I had finished reading the book.
Try yourself: (শিক্ষার্থীরা করবে)1. Rahim said to me, ‘yes, I shall go to your house tomorrow. Then I shall go my teacher’s house.’ 2.
‘Yes, we will learn our lessons tomorrow,’ the students said to the teacher. 3. The rich man said to the villagers, ‘Yes, I shall establish
a college in this village next year.’ 4. Jhumu said to Mitu, ‘Are you going to Pabna tomorrow?’ ‘No, I have changed my decision,’ said
Mitu.
Rule-5: Sir/Madam-থো ধ্ে respectfully ব্েব্হোর রধ্ত হয়। কযম :
Sir / Madam- is to be used respectfully. Such as:
1. ‘Yes, sir,’ she replied, ‘I have done my duty.’
Answer: She respectfully replied in the affirmative that she had done her duty..
Try yourself: (শিক্ষার্থীরা করবে)1.‘Yes, Sir, I came here yesterday,’ the labour said to his master, ‘I will go there again tomorrow.’ 2.
‘No, Sir, I have not learnt my lessons today,’ the student said to the teacher, ‘I was ill yesterday and that is why I could not prepare
my lessons.’ 3. ‘Yes, madam, I will go to market tomorrow,’ the maid said to the mistress of the house, ‘Then I will inform you in
detail about this matter.’ 4. Looking at my hands the beggar said, ‘Madam, please give me your cardigan.’5.The student replied, ‘No,
I have not learnt my lessons today, Sir.’ 6. The man said, ‘Yes, Madam, I have completed the work.’
Rule-6: যক্তি োউধ্ address রো হয়, তধ্ব্ addressing as brother/sister/friend ক্তিধ্য় শুরু রধ্ত হয়।
1. ‘Are you hungry, brothers?’ said the wise king.
Answer: Addressing as brother the wise king asked if they were hungry.
Try yourself: (শিক্ষার্থীরা করবে)1. The teacher said, ‘Dear students, you should be attentive in the class, otherwise, you will not be
able to cut a good figure in the final examination.’ 2. The man said to me, ‘Brother, will you help me to perform the work
tomorrow?’3. The captain said, ‘My friends, be always ready to face our enemy.’ 4. ‘Dear friends,’ the patriot said, ‘Listen to me.’
Rule-7: By Allah/By God ইতেোক্তি থো ধ্ে Swearing by Allah/Swearing by God ইতেোক্তি ব্েব্হোর রধ্ত হয়।
1. ‘By Allah,’ he replied, ‘I will not leave this house.’
Answer: Swearing by Allah he replied that he would not leave that house.
Try yourself: (শিক্ষার্থীরা করবে)1. ‘By God,’ she replied, ‘I will not go to London.’2. ‘By Allah, we will play in this field,’ the boys
said.3. She said, ‘By Jove, I will come here tomorrow.’
Rule-8: Present participle অপক্তরব্ক্ততিত অব্স্থোয় শুরুধ্ত ব্ধ্স। কযম :
1. ‘Are you brothers?’ asked the mistress of the house, turning to the dervishes.
Answer: Turning to the dervishes the mistress of the house asked if they were brothers. Try yourself: (শিক্ষার্থীরা করবে)1. ‘Why
have you come here?’ said Mr. Kamal turning to the stranger.2. ‘Why have you not learnt your lessons?’ the teacher asked the
students coming to the class.
Rule 09: Reported Speech G Thank _vK‡j Indirect Speech G reporting verb Gi subject + thanked + reporting verb Gi
object e‡m| Example: He said to me, “Thank you.”
Ans. He thanked me.
Rule 10: Reported Speech G Goodbye _vK‡j Indirect Speech G reporting verb Gi subject + bade + Reported Speech
Gi object e‡m| Example: He said “Goodbye my friends.”
Ans. He bade his friends good bye.
Rule 11: Reported Speech G good morning/ good evening/ good night _vK‡j Indirect Speech G reporting verb Gi
subject+ wished+ good morning/good evening/good night e‡m|
Example: He said to me, “Good morning.”
Ans. He wished me good morning.
Rule 12: Reported Speech G A‡bK mgq c~bv© ½ Sentence _v‡K bv †m‡¶‡G Indirect Speech G e³vi e³e¨ Abymib K‡i c~bv© ½
sentence Ly‡R wb‡Z nq|
Example: I can buy your grammar book. How much will I pay you? “Hundred taka only?” I said to him. “Everything is
ok.”
Ans. I told him that I could buy his grammar book. I also asked him how much I would pay him. I further asked him
if hundred taka only would do. He replied that everything was ok.
Rule 13: Reported Speech G A‡bK mgq e³v I †kªvZvi D‡jL _v‡K bv| Indirect Speech G e³vi ‡¶‡Î the speaker Ges †kªvZvi
‡¶‡Î the listener emv‡Z nq|
Example: “Where are you going now?” “I am going to market”
Ans. The speaker asked the listener where he was going then. The listener replied that he was going to market.
Rule 14: Reported Speech G cried/ muttered (A¯úófv‡e K_v ejv)/ replied/ asked _vK‡j Indirect Speech G reporting
verb Gi ‡Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv|
Example: “Save me.” She cried. Ans. She cried to save her.
Rule 15: Direct speech G sentence Gi cÖ_‡g pronoun Ges c‡i noun _vK‡jt Indirect G cÖ_‡g noun emv‡Z nq| †hgb-
Direct: He said to me, “Believe, I Mr Rana, is quite innocent”
Indirect: Mr Rana told me to believe that he was quite innocent.
Rule 16: Direct speech G Optative sentence G Reporting verb Gici object _vK‡j indirect G ïay pray Gi †ÿ‡Î pray for nq|
†hgb-
Direct: Mother said to me ‘May Allah bless you”.Indirect: Mother prayed for me that Allah might bless me.
Rule 17: Direct speech G Exclamatory sentence G what Ges how _vK‡j Indirect speech G h_vµ‡g Great, very e‡m| †hgb-
Direct: He said to me, ”What a fool you are”
Indirect: He exclaimed with sorrow that I was a great fool.
Rule 18:.Direct speech G Reporting verb past tense bv n‡q present/future n‡j indirect G wbKUeZx Ges `~ieZx© kã cwiewZ©Z nq bv|
†hgb-
Direct: He says, “I am ill now” Indirect: He says that he is ill now.
Rule 19:.Direct G never _K‡j indirect G not to e‡m| †hgb-
Direct: He said to me, “Never tell a lie” Indirect: He advised me not to tell a lie.
Rule 20: .Direct G cÖ¯Ív‡ei c‡I object _vK‡j Indirect G propose to e‡m
Direct: He said to me “Let us go to the picnic “
Indirect:He proposed to me that they should go to the picnic.
Rule 21:.Direct speech G we ×viv gvbeRvwZ eySv‡jt Indirect G Zv cwiewZ©Z nq bv| †hgb-
Direct: He said, “We shall all die”
Indirect: He said that we shall all die.
Rule 22: We ×viv hw` e³v I hv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡I ejv nq GB `yBRb‡K eySv‡bv nq Z‡e G‡`I g‡a¨t
a) GKRb 1st person n‡j we AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K
b) GKRb 2nd person n‡j we cwiewZ©Z n‡q you nq|
c) GKRb 1st person Ges 2nd person bv _vK‡j us cwiewZ©Z n‡q they nq|