Received: 30 August 2022 Revised: 31 May 2023 Accepted: 2 June 2023

DOI: 10.1111/ijcs.12964

REVIEW PAPER

Adoption of Internet of Things: A systematic literature review

and future research agenda

Anil Kumar | Sanjay Dhingra | Himanshu Falwadiya

University School of Management Studies,

Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Abstract
New Delhi, India
The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the promising technologies in industry 4.0,
Correspondence which has the potential to provide a myriad of advantages and offer convenience to
Anil Kumar, University School of Management
individuals' daily lives and efficiency to businesses. Due to the enormous potential of
Studies, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha
University, Dwarka Sector 16-C, New Delhi- the Internet of things, attention towards its adoption is increasing significantly.
110078, India.
Despite the undeniable relevance of this field, the current study aims to synthesize
Email: [email protected]
the body of knowledge on IoT adoption using systematic literature review (SPAR-
4-SLR) with the TCCM framework. A total of 101 articles were carefully selected
after a thorough search in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. This study has
performed an in-depth descriptive analysis to present the current state of knowledge.
The findings of this study revealed that the Technology acceptance model and Uni-
fied theory of acceptance and use of technology were the most widely employed
theories and models in previous literature. Furthermore, this study has developed an
integrative conceptual framework including antecedents, mediators, moderators, and
outcomes. Also, the antecedents are classified into four categories based on the
Technology-organization-environment framework with end user-specific category.
By integrating the existing knowledge, the study identifies significant gaps and offers
a fertile ground for further investigation in this field.

KEYWORDS
adoption, Internet of Things, IoT, SPAR-4-SLR, TCCM

1 | I N T RO DU CT I O N employed IoT devices to track the real-time location of hospital equip-

ment and communicate with their patients offsite through viable data
The rapid development of innovative technologies has led to social collection and management (Liu et al., 2022; Umair et al., 2021), agri-
and economic transformation (Strong et al., 2022), which has sparked culture sector used IoT sensors to collect machine metrics and envi-
the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution. “Industry 4.0” is ronmental data (Ayaz et al., 2019; Raj et al., 2021), retail sector has
evolved due to the emergence of various revolutionary technologies, tremendously reduced their operational costs by applying IoT technol-
including Internet of Things (IoT) (Hsu & Yeh, 2017), machine learning ogy that helped in automated checkout, smart inventory management,
(Park & Jeong, 2021), blockchain (Kuberkar & Singhal, 2021), artificial better supply chain management and operating fully automated stores
intelligence (Arfi et al., 2021), and digital twins (Umair et al., 2021). (Lee et al., 2022; Tu, 2018), and IoT for consumers attempts to offer
The introduction of these technologies prompted new ways of provid- efficiency and convenience on a personal level. Although the smart
ing services that disrupted conventional methods. organizations from phone can be viewed as the pinnacle of consumer IoT technology,
different industries have implemented these technologies into their there are other prominent examples. These include trackers, voice-
business models to gain a competitive edge and survive in the market controlled home appliances (Shuhaiber & Mashal, 2019), smart
(Bhatt & Chakraborty, 2020). For instance: Healthcare industry has watches (K. J. Kim & Shin, 2015), and other smart home gadgets (Gu

Int J Consum Stud. 2023;47:2553–2582. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ijcs © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2553
2554 KUMAR ET AL.

et al., 2019). A snapshot of IoT applications in various contexts has cross 2465.26 billion by the end of the year 2029 (Business-
been provided in Table 1. Insights., 2022). Such promising avenues have attracted the attention
IoT is defined as “a global infrastructure for the information society, of researchers and marketers towards understanding the adoption phe-
enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) nomenon of this technology. Put succinctly, adoption-based articles pri-
things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and marily conduct empirical investigation of the factors that affect the
communication technologies” (ITU, 2015). In other words, the IoT is degree of acceptance of the concerned technology. Indeed, there has
about converting “dumb” things into “smart” by linking them to each been growing literature that has empirically validated the factors
other using the Internet (George et al., 2021). K. Ashton, a technologist, impacting the adoption of IoT devices in different contexts, including
first introduced the concept of IoT in 1999 in the context of supply chain supply chain management (Lee & Lee, 2015; Tu, 2018), healthcare (Arfi
management (Sivathanu, 2018). The IoT technology enables physical et al., 2021; Prayoga & Abraham, 2016), agriculture (Shi et al., 2022;
equipment to be sensed and managed remotely (Balta-Ozkan Strong et al., 2022), smart homes (Mital et al., 2018; Shin et al., 2018),
et al., 2013) by creating a direct link between the physical world and education (Almaiah et al., 2022; Gökçearslan et al., 2022) and smart cit-
computer networks (Palmaccio et al., 2021). IoT devices collect data from ies (Neupane et al., 2021; Sepasgozar et al., 2019). However, few stud-
multiple interconnected equipments at one point, making the decision- ies attempted to synthesize the extant literature on IoT adoption into a
making process easier and faster for the users (Tan & Wang, 2010). systematic review. Also, these studies primarily focus on a particular
Due to its inherent characteristics and promising advancements, application of IoT technology, failing to provide a comprehensive pic-
IoT has the potential to make one's routine activities effortless. A report ture of the current body of knowledge in the concerned domain.
released by Fortune Business Insights revealed that the market size for Against this backdrop, this study intends to fill this research gap by pro-
IoT has reached 384.70 billion worldwide in 2021 and is expected to viding the answers to the following research questions:

RQ1. What is the current state of knowledge of IoT

TABLE 1 Application areas of Internet of Things. adoption?

Application
areas of IoT Description RQ2. What are the major adoption theories used in IoT
adoption research?
Smart home A “smart home” is a convenient configuration of a
home in which equipment and appliances can be
controlled remotely and automatically from any place RQ3. What antecedents, mediators, moderators, and
with an internet connection using electronic devices outcomes entail IoT adoption research?
(Wei et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2018).
IoT in The IoT-based smart devices enable farmers to
RQ4. What are the current gaps and future directions
agriculture retrieve and process agricultural data remotely and
in IoT adoption research?
automatically on real-time basis from field, which
permits the farmer to manage the farm from home
(Ayaz et al., 2019; Raj et al., 2021). A systematic literature review based on “SPAR-4-SLR” (Paul, Lim,
IoT in Higher education institutions and schools embrace IoT et al., 2021) using “TCCM” (Paul & Rosado-serrano, 2019a) and
education to monitor student attendance, provide security, “PRISMA framework” (Moher et al., 2010) has been conducted to
involve pupils in the learning process, and tailor
provide transparent and robust results.
instruction for students who need special attention.
Answering these research questions would enhance the current
IoT in IoT-based healthcare equipment empowers health
understanding of IoT adoption by significantly contributing to the
healthcare experts to be more vigilant and associate with the
patients actively. Further, healthcare system built existing literature. First, by consolidating the findings of isolated and
on the Internet of Things allows network contradictory studies, this research will provide a comprehensive pic-
connectivity among all resources available to carry ture of research in the IoT adoption domain. Second, the available
out healthcare tasks like remote surgeries over the
review articles have focused their attention on a particular application
Internet, diagnosing, and monitoring (Karahoca
et al., 2018). areas of this technology, viz. smart cities (Marimuthu et al., 2022;

Also, smart watch is used in healthcare in multiple Murthy Nimmagadda & Harish, 2022; Nikki Han & Kim, 2021), educa-
ways including sleep monitoring, keeping track of tion (Madni et al., 2022; Sneesl et al., 2022), smart homes (Jia
activities, recording heart rate, and sending et al., 2019; Li et al., 2021), smart health (Al-rawashdeh et al., 2022),
reminders throughout the day (Al-Maroof
and organisations (Ahmetoglu et al., 2022; Brous et al., 2020), while
et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2022).
other studies reviewed the integration of IoT with other promising
Smart city The concept of smart city is referred as “an urban
technologies in Industry 4.0 (Makhdoom et al., 2019; Shirkey
environment that mainly enhances the performance
and efficiency of the regular city operations and the et al., 2022). This research worked on this gap and systematically
quality of services provided to the citizens using ICT reviewed various application areas of this technology and provided a
and other related technologies, as well as to achieve holistic view of IoT adoption. Third, structuring the current review
the economic growth” (Sarker, 2022).
based on the “TCCM framework” will help to gain a deeper insight into
KUMAR ET AL. 2555

the dominant theories, contexts, characteristics, and methods employed include “Theme based reviews” (Paul et al., 2017; Paul, & Dhiman.,
in IoT adoption research. Also, this framework could provide an oppor- R., 2021), “Theory-based reviews” (Gul et al., 2018; Paul & Rosado-
tunity to the authors in delivering the highest level of clarity and cover- serrano, 2019a), “Framework-based reviews” (Paul & Benito, 2018;
age on the topic (Paul, Lim, et al., 2021). Furthermore, TCCM Paul, Merchant, et al., 2021), “Hybrid reviews” (Dabi
c et al., 2020),
framework helps in proposing a comprehensive and holistic research “Review aiming for theory development” (Paul, 2016; Paul &
agenda. Fourth, the results of the descriptive analysis revealed a pat- Mas, 2019), “Bibliometric analysis” (Ruggeri et al., 2019), and “Meta-
tern of research in the area of IoT adoption, enabling researchers to analysis” (Barari et al., 2020), “Morphological analysis” (Prashar, 2023;
identify yearly publications, most researched countries, relevant jour- Samaddar & Menon, 2020), “Meta synthesis” (Ghoddoosinejad
nals, prominent authors, significant theories and methods. It will assist et al., 2023), Integrative review (Mäkinen et al., 2022; Marsh
them in stimulating research in promising areas and avoid repeating et al., 2022).
work. Fifth, this study has developed an integrated conceptual frame- Due to the myriad of advantages offered by systematic literature
work that outlines antecedents, mediators, moderators, and outcomes review, we have adopted the framework-based systematic literature
that can be examined in various contexts. The antecedents are further review in our study. To develop an integrated and updated framework
divided into three categories: industry-specific enablers, common of the existing body of knowledge in the field of IoT adoption, we
enablers and barriers to facilitate the interpretation of variables. They have adopted the “SPAR-4-SLR protocol” proposed by (Paul, Lim,
are also classified into four categories based on the TOE framework et al., 2021). Furthermore, we used the PRISMA framework (Moher
(Tornatzky et al., 1990) with an end-user-specific category. The snap- et al., 2010) with SPAR-4-SLR to structure the flowchart of our study
shot of these variables will benefit academicians in studying factors and explain the screening process while maintaining transparency and
impacting IoT adoption based on each aspect. Sixth, by highlighting the completeness in the systematic literature review. The rationale behind
current research gaps and future agenda, this study provides a roadmap incorporating the PRISMA framework as it has been extensively used
for future studies to examine the unexplored areas and enrich the cur- in previous studies to standardize the screening process and review
rent understanding of the topic. Seventh, the detailed analysis of vari- protocol (Casino et al., 2019; Falwadiya & Dhingra, 2022; Kumar
ables influencing IoT adoption provides practical assistance to et al., 2022; Moher et al., 2010).
businesses, manufacturers and service providers in understanding con- The SPAR-4-SLR protocol comprises three sequential stages:
sumers’ decision-making process, which they can utilize while framing assembling, arranging, and assessing, which are explained below.
the marketing strategies for the adoption of IoT devices. Further, this
would help the manufacturers to make IoT products as per the prefer-
ences of the consumers in the market and assist the service providers 2.1 | Assembling
in providing high-quality services to the consumers.
The rest of the article is organized in the following sections. The Assembling stage includes identifying and acquiring literature for
Section 2 outlines the methodology used to perform the systematic conducting systematic literature review. To ensure the articles taken
review. Section 3 illustrates finding of the study based on descriptive into consideration completely represent the topic and are of superior
analysis, including year of publication, country, journal, theories used, quality, the study has used the “Web of Science” (WoS) and “Scopus”
methods used, and citation analysis. Section 4 develops the concep- databases. The rationale behind using these databases in our study is
tual framework based on the antecedents, mediators, moderators and that previous studies also adopted this database for conducting litera-
outcomes. Section 5 highlights the research gaps and research agenda ture review (Ameen et al., 2022; Harju, 2022; Hassan et al., 2022;
for future research, followed by a theoretical and managerial contribu- Jebarajakirthy et al., 2021; Palmaccio et al., 2021). WoS and Scopus are
tion in Section 6. Section 7 presents the conclusion of the study. multidisciplinary platforms that make it simple to access literature from
Lastly, the limitations of the study are provided in Section 8. all fields like management, technology, finance, psychology, and so
forth. It also makes it easier to find the high caliber and most recent
studies. The WoS and Scopus databases include journals with high cita-
2 | M E TH O DO LO GY tions and more coverage of recent articles than other databases
(Aghaei Chadegani et al., 2013). Furthermore, Web of science provides
The literature contains a variety of review procedures that can be used better citation analysis and Scopus includes more Journals (Falagas
to answer the research questions and achieve the objective of our et al., 2008). These databases are frequently used and widely accept-
study. Systematic literature review is one of the rigorous methods for able in research society (Feliciano-Cestero et al., 2023; Ghoddoosinejad
locating, appraising, and synthesizing evidence (Petticrew, 2001). Addi- et al., 2023; Kumar et al., 2022). To extract the documents on IoT adop-
tionally, it facilitates in articulating present knowledge gaps and thereby tion, the search was done in the title field of these two databases. The
identifies future research directions (Gopalakrishnan & Ganeshkumar, premise for taking the title search in this study, as it helps to retrieve
2013). Further, SLR follows an adopted or modified technique for orga- the documents which are primarily addressing the phenomena being
nizing data curation and analysis, enabling transparent and replicable studied. Further, many authors in their systematic literature reviews
results (Kraus et al., 2022). Numerous techniques are available to under- have frequently used title criteria to perform their search string (Casino
take systematic literature reviews (Paul & Rialp, 2020). These techniques et al., 2019; Nikki Han & Kim, 2021; Saihi et al., 2022). Finally, the
2556 KUMAR ET AL.

F I G U R E 1 Flowchart of the
Selection of Databases
1) Web of Science 2) Scopus study (Moher et al., 2010; Paul
et al., 2021).

TITLE=(“internet of thing*” or “iot*” or “internet of everything*” or “web of thing*” or

“smart home*” or “smart cit*” or “smart retail*” or “smart watch*”) and ( “adopt*” or
“accept*” or “intent*”)

Assembling
Time Horizon
Upto November 2022

Records Identified through Web of Science n = 214 and Scopus n = 609 Databases
Identification

Searching n = 823 (214 + 609)

Limit to Journal Articles

n = 509 (195 + 314)

Limit to language (English)

Screening

SPAR-4-SLR
n = 503 (194 + 309)

Records after Duplicate Records Excluded based on

PRISMA

Removed

Arranging
Title and Abstract
n = 320 n = 124
Eligibility

Full-Text articles assessed for Full text articles excluded

eligibility which not covering the theme
n = 196 of the study n = 49

Studies Included in the Qualitative Synthesis

n = 147
Included

Limit to Impact Factor atleast 1 or Q1/Q2 category in Scopus

n = 101

Result and Analysis after Classification of Articles using TCCM framework

Assessing

Findings Research Gaps

Future Research Agenda

selected keywords were searched in the title field to synthesis the liter- are excluded from the analysis. In the next step, duplicate records
ature in November 2022 using the following Boolean: which exist in both Scopus and WOS databases were eliminated. Fur-
TITLE=(((“internet of thing*” or “iot*” or “internet of everything*” ther, articles were once more screened based on title and abstract. To
or “web of thing*” or “smart home*” or “smart cit*” or “smart retail*” ensure validity and consistency, three researchers independently
or “smart watch*”) and (“adopt*” or “accept*” or “intent*”))). reviewed the titles and abstracts in the same way. The reproducibility
of the selection is highlighted by the remarkable agreement of 98.27%
among the researchers on appropriateness or unsuitability in this
2.2 | Arranging regard. Then, the authors conducted a full-text review of selected arti-
cles. Further, following the criteria used by Paul and Rosado-Serrano
According to Paul, Lim, et al. (2021), the arranging stage consists of two (2019b) and Paul, Lim, et al. (2021), we limited the studies based on
sub-stages “organizing” and “purification.” In the organizing stage, we their “journal's annual impact factor” (at least 1) or category “Q1/Q2”
first retrieved 823 publications through the Web of Science and Scopus listed in SJR, to maintain the quality of the literature reviewed. Finally,
using the above-mentioned Boolean in the month of November 2022. 101 articles obtained that were employed for synthesis and “full-text
Further, articles are screened according to the following criteria: The review” (Appendix A). The flowchart of the study is based on “SPAR-
articles which are not published in journals, written in language other 4-SLR” (Paul, Lim, et al., 2021) and the “PRISMA framework” (Moher
than English, and in which the adoption of IoT is not the primary focus et al., 2010) provided in Figure 1.
KUMAR ET AL. 2557

How do we know about IoT adoption? What do we know about

IoT adoption?

Theories (T) Contexts (C) Methods (M) Characteristics (C)

(Existing) (Existing) (Existing) (Existing)

Countries Year-wise Variables

Data collection/paper publication
India Malaysia
USA Korea type
•Technology Acceptance Model Antecedents
Taiwan Thailand Survey
and extended TAM Mediators
Interview Publication
•Unified Theory of Acceptance China France
outlet Moderators
and Use of Technology/2 Pakistan Turkey
•Theory of Planned Behaviour Consequences
Saudi Arabia Iran
• Innovation Diffusion Theory Germany Japan Citations
•Technology–organization– Bangladesh Italy
environment framework (TOE) New Zealand Sweden
•Value-based adoption model Spain Jordan
Data analysis tools
•Theory of Consumption Values Structural equation modelling
Oman Iraq
•Model of Adoption of Partial least square
Technology in Households UAE Indonesia
Regression
•Technological innovativeness Cluster analysis
•Multidimensional Path analysis
Development Theory ANOVA
•Theory of Reasoned Action Applications/Area
OLS Regression
•PolySocial Reality (PoSR) IoT in Healthcare
DEMATEL
•SCT (social cognitive theory) IoT in Agriculture
The Analytic Hierarchy Process
•Value-Belief-Norm theory IoT in Other Industry
•motivation-opportunity-ability IoT in Retail
•Institutional Theory IoT in Smart home
•Stakeholders Adoption Model IoT in Smart Cities
IoT in Supply Chain

Theories (T) Contexts(C) Methods (M) Characteristics (C)

(New) (New) (New) (New)

What are the future prospects for IoT adoption?

FIGURE 2 TCCM framework (Paul & Rosado-Serrano, 2019a).

Paul et al. (2021) advised using established frameworks for orga- Hassan et al., 2022; Nanda & Banerjee, 2021; Sharma et al., 2022).
nizing systematic literature review to thoroughly analyze the body of Further, this methodology is appropriate for providing a thorough
literature. There are numerous techniques available to undertake examination of current knowledge, highlighting research gaps, and
framework based review, such as the “Antecedents, Decisions, and proposing future research agenda in terms of (a) theories,
Outcomes framework” (Paul & Benito, 2018), “Theories, Contexts, (b) characteristics, (c) contexts, and (d) methodology in the reference
and Methods framework” (Paul et al., 2017), “Theories, Constructs, of IoT adoption as illustrated in following Figure 2.
Characteristics, and Methods framework” (Paul & Rosado-
serrano, 2019a), and “What, Why, Where, When and How frame-
work” (5W1H) (Paul, Lim, et al., 2021). As a result, we used the TCCM 3 | DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS
framework (Paul & Rosado-serrano, 2019a) proposed by Justin Paul
and Rosado-Serrano to structure our systematic literature review. In the descriptive analysis, we have provided the answers to the first
The TCCM framework has been extensively used by the three research questions of the study. To answer the research ques-
researchers while performing their systematic literature review tions, we have systematically tabulated the selected 101 research
(Abdulhak et al., 2022; Ameen et al., 2022; Basu et al., 2022; Billore & publications based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study
Anisimova, 2021; Chakma et al., 2021; Gupta & Dhingra, 2022; in an excel file to maintain the transparent protocol. The table
2558 KUMAR ET AL.

APPLICATIONS OF IOT policymakers and academicians toward the acceptance and use of
Agriculture IoT-based devices is steadily increasing.
5% Smart Watch
Smart Home 3%
28% Education
5%

Healthcare 3.2 | Country

11%

Figure 5 represents the geographical coverage of the publication

included in the SLR. Around 26.53% of all the articles are published in
Smart City Not provided
13% (Industry) USA (12) and China (12), followed by Republic of Korea (10), India (7),
13%
France (5), Taiwan (5) and Malaysia (5). The remaining research has
been conducted in Saudi Arabia (4), Thailand (3), Turkey (3), Jordan (3),
Retail consumers
22% UAE (3), Netherlands (2), Bangladesh (2) and Oman (2). The rest of the
countries contributed 1 article each in this domain. Our review
FIGURE 3 Applications of IoT. revealed that approximately 61% of the research has been conducted
in the Asian region, indicating the increasing trend in the acceptance
of IoT products. Further, it is also crucial to point out that researchers
YEAR-WISE PUBLICATIONS
from emerging and developing countries must investigate this topic
25 23
20 and offer potential future directions for IoT adoption and its applica-
No. of publications

19
20
tion areas.
14 14
15

10
5 3.3 | Theories used
5 3
1 1 1
0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Nov-22
Researchers have used a variety of well-established models to comprehend
Years consumer behavior to explain the adoption phenomenon. To better under-
stand the adoption process, they often either employed extensions, modifi-
FIGURE 4 Publication trend.
cations, or a combination of models. To analyze the adoption behavior of
the respondents in the field of IoT technology, a total of 17 different theo-
ries, frameworks, and models have been utilized (Table 2).
(Appendix A) includes several components to demonstrate the find- The result demonstrated that the “Technology Acceptance Model
ings, including publication year, sampling information, country con- (TAM)” (Davis, 1989) or extended TAM was used 10 times in the liter-
text, methodology, and citation counts of author, journal, and articles. ature and 32 times combined with the other theories, which indicates
Additionally, independents, mediating, moderating, and consequences that this theory contributed to 41.58% (42 articles) of the total articles
are also incorporated in the table. The analysis demonstrated the published on IoT adoption. The other widely accepted theories are
major areas of applications of IoT technology where articles have the “Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology” (UTAUT)
been published on IoT adoption. 29 articles are published in the con- (Venkatesh et al., 2003) and “Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use
text of Smart homes, followed by 22 articles on Retail Consumers, of Technology 2” (UTAUT2) (Venkatesh et al., 2012) adopted in
13 articles on Smart cities and 13 articles in which industry type is not 18 studies, “Technology–organization–environment framework”
provided, as illustrated in Figure 3. (TOE) (Tornatzkyet al., 1990) employed in 4 studies, “Innovation diffu-
sion theory (IDT)” (Rogers, 2003) employed by four articles, and the
“Theory of planned behavior (TPB)” (Ajzen, 1991) adopted in four arti-
3.1 | Year of publication cles to unravel the IoTs adoption.
“Technology Acceptance Model” has been incorporated in differ-
As illustrated in Figure 4, 2013 was the first year in which a study ent contexts including smart homes (11 times), smart cities (3 times),
related to the Internet of Things adoption was reported in the litera- healthcare (3 times) and education (2 times). Further, the TAM model
ture (Gao & Bai, 2013). Since then, the number of publications has has been adopted in various studies with combination of other theo-
been steadily rising. Out of 101 articles reviewed in the study, 19 arti- ries and constructs for enhancing the predictability of the model. Also,
cles were published in 2020, followed by 20 articles in 2021 and some researchers have incorporated the value-based adoption model
23 articles till November 2022, indicating the increasing awareness in the context of consumers to mitigate the shortcomings of TAM
and acceptance of the concerned technology. Previous studies done model. Additionally, some studies have adopted the UTAUT and its
in the different application areas of IoT also supported this claim extensions to measure the intention of the IoT users in smart cities
(Kumar et al., 2022; Leong et al., 2021; Li et al., 2021). This indicates (4 times), retail (4 times), agriculture (3 times), healthcare (3 times),
the interest of various stakeholders, including researchers, and education (2 times).
KUMAR ET AL. 2559

FIGURE 5 Country wise

publication.

TABLE 2 Conceptual frameworks and theories used in literature. Venkatesh, 2005). Further, this model could demonstrate the use behav-
ior of aged consumers of smart homes. The “theory of consumption
S.
no Theories Frequency
value” explains “why consumers choose to buy or not buy (or to use or
not use) a specific product, why consumers choose one product type over
1 Technology acceptance model (TAM) and 42
extended TAM another, and why consumers choose one brand over another” (Sheth
et al., 1991). Further, this theory incorporates goal-oriented consumption
2 Unified theory of acceptance and use of 18
technology (UTAUT/2) in functional value and hedonic prospect in emotional value (Pura, 2005).
3 Theory of planned behavior (TPB) 4
4 Innovation diffusion theory (IDT/DOI) 4
5 Technology–organization–environment 4
3.4 | Methods used
framework (TOE)
6 Value-based adoption model (VAM). 3 After a thorough review of the articles on IoT adoption, we found that
these studies incorporated various quantitative (Surveys through ques-
7 Theory of consumption values (TCV) 2
tionnaires and face-to-face interaction) and qualitative (Delphi technique,
8 Model of adoption of technology in households 1
(MATH) focus group interviews, in-depth interviews) data collection techniques.

9 Technological innovativeness (TI) 1 Most of the authors have obtained their data from primary sources, such
as IoT users or employees. These surveys are done in the offline and
10 Multidimensional development theory (MDT) 1
online modes. Further, the result shows that most of the studies have col-
11 Theory of reasoned action (TRA) 1
lected the data in online survey mode. The content analysis of the study
12 Polysocial reality (PoSR) 1
also revealed that 96 articles collected data using the questionnaire and
13 SCT (social cognitive theory) 1
rest of the articles (5) followed interviews and mixed method approach.
14 Value-belief-norm (VBN) theory 1
Out of 101 reviewed articles, only one study (Shank et al., 2021)
15 Motivation-opportunity-ability (MOA) 1 has performed longitudinal survey to investigate the perceived bene-
16 Institutional theory 1 fits and actual use of IoT smart homes.
17 Stakeholders adoption model (SSA) 1 Partial least squares-structure equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is
the most popular method employed by authors (46 papers) to investi-
gate the interactions among variables. PLS-SEM has gained popularity
It's interesting to note that some studies have dismantled the barriers recently due to the covariance-based SEM's increasingly strict
established by conventional theories and introduced alternative theories requirements for model complexity, sample size, and distribution
of adoption into the literature to explain the intentions to use IoT. The assumptions. Also, it makes it simple to describe higher-order con-
new theories in IoT adoption literature are “Model of Adoption of Tech- structs. Additionally, other approaches have also been employed by
nology in Households (MATH)” (Chatterjee et al., 2022), PolySocial Reality the researchers, including SEM (38), CFA (6), DEMATEL (2), IPMA (1),
(PoSR) (Das, 2019), Multidimensional Development Theory (Pal, Zhang, & PLS MGA (1) and OLS REGRESSION (1) which is provided in Table 3.
Siyal, 2021) and Theory of Consumption Value (Kasilingam &
Krishna, 2022). “Model of adoption of technology in households”
(MATH) is used to explore the constructs that affect the adoption of 3.5 | Citation analysis
technology in private and non-mandatory settings (Chatterjee
et al., 2022). MATH produced a noticeably deeper and more thorough Citation analysis is one of the most commonly used methods for eval-
understanding of household technology adoption (Brown & uating the impact of academic studies. When writing their
2560 KUMAR ET AL.

TABLE 3 Techniques used for data analysis. security/privacy risk, and vendor trust. The fifth most frequently cited

Technique No of papers % paper is (Tu, 2018), with a citation count of 141. This paper used the
TOE framework to check the adoption intention of 130 top-level
Partial least square 46 45.54
managers using PLS-SEM. The research model demonstrates that in
Structural equation modeling 38 37.62
contrast to “technological trust,” “perceived advantages,” “perceived
Confirmatory factor analysis 6 5.94
costs,” and “external pressure” are major predictors of IoT adoption
DEMATEL 2 1.98
intention. However, through perceived benefits, technological trust
Importance performance map analysis 1 0.99
indirectly affects IoT adoption intention. The result reveals that most
Multi group analysis 1 0.99 of the top cited papers were published in the year 2018 with a count
Regression 1 0.99 of seven articles.

publications, researchers mention the literature to substantiate their 3.5.2 | Journal-wise publication and citation
theories and appreciate the work of other studies. Consequently, the
number of citations gives a rough estimate of the importance of Appendix B depicts that the selected 101 articles are published in
research works (Peng & Zhou, 2006). The citation counts of the 64 different journals focusing on IoT adoption. “Technological Fore-
101 research publications that were reviewed are then sorted in Excel casting & Social Change” secured the top rank amongst these 64 publi-
to identify the articles, authors, and journals that are often cited. cation outlets by publishing 7 articles on the topic, followed by “IEEE
Access,” “Sustainability” and “Technology in Society” each of which
contributed 5 articles to the existing literature. Further, “Computer s
3.5.1 | Highly cited articles in Human Behavior,” “Sensors,” “Energies,” and “Journal of Computer
Information Systems” contributed 3 articles each in the existing table.
According to the number of citations generated as of November The remaining papers, which comprised about 75% of the total, were
25, 2022, the top 20 articles from 101 reviewed publications are published in 60 different journals, demonstrating the wide distribution
listed in Table 4. The analysis was carried out by conducting a title of articles on IoT adoption.
search in the “Scopus” database and tabulating each citation's num- Using "Elsevier's Scopus-indexed SCImago Journal Ranking
ber. Kim and Shin (2015) received the highest citation (345) among (SJR)" database, these 64 journals have been assessed for citation
101 publications in this review. They have studied the continuous analysis on the November 25, 2022. The top 10 journals with the
intention of smart watch users. For predicting the behavior in highest number of citations are listed in Appendix B, highlighted in
South Korea, they have adopted the extended TAM model and further blue color. We have used the interval from 2011 to 2022 to deter-
validated it using the CFA and SEM techniques. Further, Gao and Bai mine the most frequently cited journals. This time span was chosen
(2014) received the second-highest citation (271) in the list. They to make the data easily accessible and highlight the current literature
have used the TAM model in their article to examine the behavioral trend on IoT adoption. With a total citation count of 2321699,
intention to use IoT devices. This research was conducted in China by “PLOS ONE”, an international multidisciplinary open-access journal
collecting data from 368 respondents and SEM was employed to stati- leads the list. That covers different areas, including engineering,
cally validate the model for examining IoT adoption. In this article, the social sciences, and humanities as well as natural sciences and medi-
effects of “perceived usefulness”, “perceived ease of use,” “social cal research. The list has subsequently included “Journal of Cleaner
influence,” “perceived enjoyment,” and “perceived behavioral control” Production” (434852), “IEEE Access” (374522), “Sensors” (275544),
were all strongly supported by the findings. However, trust has little “Sustainability” (206838), “International Journal of Environmental
impact in forecasting the intention. The integrated model offers an Research and Public Health” (174014), “Energies” (149108), “Fron-
additional explanation of user behavioral intention toward IoT adop- tier in Psychology” (134338), “Computers in Human Behavior”
tion compared to the standalone TAM model. The third most cited (95306), “Journal of Business Research” (68595). Open-access jour-
study was conducted by Hsu and Lin (2016), which received 223 cita- nals notably receive more citations than journals that can only be
tions. This study was conducted in Taiwan, majorly focusing on the accessed through subscription due to their wider distribution and
privacy aspects of IoT devices. The findings show that, while privacy easy accessibility.
concerns have a comparatively small impact on adoption, network
externalities have a significant impact on how consumers perceive the
benefits of usage. Yang et al. (2017) is the fourth most cited article. It 3.5.3 | Highly cited researchers
advances the “theory of planned behavior” (TPB). On the basis of
information gathered from 216 survey samples, the research model Table 5 lists the twenty authors who received the highest citation
and associated hypotheses are tested using “partial least squares anal- both in the domain of IoT adoption and in terms of total publishing.
ysis” (PLS). The findings indicate that the adoption of smart home ser- The number of citations of researchers in the Scopus database was
vices is influenced by a number of major factors, including mobility, used to perform the citation analysis. With an astounding 23686
KUMAR ET AL. 2561

TABLE 4 Citation count of top 20 articles out of 101 reviewed.

Author(s) and year Title Cite

Kim and Shin (2015) “An acceptance model for smart watches implications for the adoption of future wearable technology” 345
Gao and Bai (2013) “A unified perspective on the factors influencing consumer acceptance of Internet of Things technology” 271
Hsu and Lin (2016) “An empirical examination of consumer adoption of Internet of Things services: network externalities and concern 223
for information privacy perspectives”
Yang et al. (2017) “User acceptance of smart home services: An extension of the theory of planned behavior” 157
Tu (2018) “An exploratory study of Internet of Things (IoT) adoption intention in logistics and supply chain management: 141
A mixed research approach”
Park et al. (2017) “Comprehensive approaches to user acceptance of Internet of Things in a smart home environment” 130
Kim et al. (2017) “A study on the adoption of IoT smart home service: Using value-based Adoption Model” 122
Shin et al. (2018) “Who will be smart home users? An analysis of adoption and diffusion of smart homes” 117
Sepasgozar et al. “Implementing citizen centric technology in developing smart cities: A model for predicting the acceptance of urban 113
(2019) technologies”
Jayashankar et al. “IoT adoption in agriculture: the role of trust, perceived value and risk” 88
(2018)
Hsu and Lin (2018) “Exploring factors affecting the adoption of Internet of Things services” 85
Hsu and Yeh (2017) “Understanding the factors affecting the adoption of the Internet of Things” 80
Park et al. (2018) “Smart home services as the next mainstream of the ICT industry: Determinants of the adoption of smart home 76
services”
Karahoca et al. (2018) “Examining intention to adopt to Internet of Things in healthcare technology products” 75
Hubert et al. (2019) “The influence of acceptance and adoption drivers on smart home usage” 67
Baudier et al. (2020) “Smart home: Highly-educated students' acceptance” 60
Pal et al. (2018) “Analyzing the elderly users' adoption of smart-home services” 56
Nikou (2019) “Factors driving the adoption of smart home technology: An empirical assessment” 55
Al-Momani et al. “Factors that influence the acceptance of Internet of Things services by customers of telecommunication companies 51
(2018) in Jordan”
Arfi et al. (2021) “The role of trust in intention to use the IoT in eHealth: Application of the modified UTAUT in a consumer context” 50
Aldossari and “Consumer acceptance of Internet of Things (IoT): Smart home context” 49
Sidorova (2020)

citations, Yogesh K. Dwivedi's work has received the most citations, 4.1 | Antecedents
followed by Ooi, Keng Boon with 9407 citations, Chong, Alain Yee-
Loong with 7845 citations, Lin, Binshan with 7655 citations, and Among the investigated enablers from the sample of our SLR, “social
Johnston, Wesley James with 6885 citations. In the realm of technol- influence,” “perceived usefulness,” and “perceived ease of use” have
ogy adoption, Yogesh K. Dwivedi has made notable contributions that the highest occurrence in the adoption of IoT. Social influence from the
may be seen in his work. These authors' articles showcase some excel- UTAUT theory is extensively used factor which has been validated by
lent work and innovative problem-solving techniques. 31 previous studies. Venkatesh et al. (2003) defined “social influence”
as the extent to which “an individual perceived that important others
believe he or she should use the new system.” Two factors from the
4 | CONTENT ANALYSIS “technology acceptance model,” “perceived usefulness” (30 times) and
“perceived ease of use” were the second most widely used variables in
In order to adopt new technologies, it is essential to determine the the list of enablers. Perceived usefulness means “the degree to which a
different factors which have negative or positive effect on the adop- person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her
tion. Through the rigorous systematic literature review, we have job performance” (Davis, 1989). This enabler is used in a task-related
found that various factors have been used in past researches to inves- context. The related factor to the perceived usefulness are perfor-
tigate the intention of the different classes of users regarding IoT mance expectancy (Venkatesh et al., 2003), and relative advantage
adoption. These factors are further categorized in different categories, (Rogers, 2003). Davis (1989) defined perceived ease of use as “the
including antecedent, mediators, moderators and outcome. Based on degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would
these categories, a conceptual framework is developed, which is pre- be free from effort.” The factors analogous to “perceived ease of use”
sented in Figure 6. are “effort expectancy” (Venkatesh et al., 2003), convenience from
2562 KUMAR ET AL.

TABLE 5 Highly cited authors.

S.no Author Documents Citations H-index
1 Dwivedi, Yogesh K. 571 23686 81
2 Ooi, Keng Boon 161 9407 62
3 Chong, Alain Yee-Loong 140 7845 50
4 Lin, Binshan 249 7655 49
5 Johnston, Wesley James 163 6885 41
6 Prybutok, Victor R. 277 6035 39
7 Van Deursen, Alexander J.A.M. 69 5981 35
8 George, Joey F. 134 5793 32
9 Ziefle, Martina 452 5597 37
10 Chan, E. H.W. 187 4970 38
11 Hsu, Chinlung 24 4578 15
12 Kar, Arpan Kumar 174 4501 36
13 Deng, Hepu 173 3804 28
14 Lin, Judy Chuan Chuan 32 3717 18
15 Bao, Yukun 113 3357 33
16 Park, Eunil 158 3322 32
17 Benbunan-Fich, Raquel 94 2866 30
18 Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph 141 2824 29
19 Zo, Hangjung 81 2698 24
20 Kwak, Daehan 22 2677 14

enablers and complexity, and technicality from barriers. Other crucial “individual's perception about the potential outcomes of an action
enablers which have more than 10 frequencies in our sample are trust owing to his or her degree of uncertainty about a particular behavior”
(20 times), cost (19 times), facilitating conditions (16 times), Innovative- (Arfi et al., 2021). Yildirim and Ali-Eldin (2019) presented privacy risks
ness (11 times) and compatibility (11 times). For making the conceptual as a collection of concerns for unauthorized access to personal data,
framework easy to comprehend, enablers were further divided into unauthorized secondary use, collection of personal information and
industry-specific and common factors. concerns of errors in collecting personal information.
The barriers which are investigated through the sample include Furthermore, the antecedents can be grouped in different catego-
cost (22 times), perceived privacy (20 times), perceived risk (12 times), ries. We have grouped the antecedents in other four categories, includ-
security (9 times), technicality (4 times), perceived severity (2 times), ing technological, organizational, environmental and end-user-specific
perceived vulnerability (2 times), interoperability (2 times), fear factors (Sneesl et al., 2022). The three categories were taken from the
(2 times), anxiety (2 times), safety (1 time) and perceived controllability “technology-organization-environment” (TOE) framework which was
(1 time), technology discomfort (1 time), innovation resistance (1 time). developed by (Tornatzky et al., 1990). The antecedents which were fall-
The result of the study revealed that cost is the main concern which is ing in these different categories are shown in Figure 7.
associated with the use of IoT products. Cost in terms of price value
refers to the consumers’ cognitive trade-off between the alleged
advantages with regard to use a mobile services and monetary costs 4.2 | Moderators
(Venkatesh et al., 2012). In the context of IoT, consumers have to bear
several costs associated with the use of IoT products, including the Moderators refer to the factors impacting the direction of linkages
cost of data service providers, cost of IoT products, maintenance and between the two factors (Paul, Lim, et al., 2021). Further, they impact
service charges. However, the consumer wants to use technological the strength among the antecedents, mediators and consequences
products which are expected to be cost-effective. Presently various (Lim et al., 2022). Various moderators have been studied in the exist-
previous studies indicated that costs of using IoT products are high ing literature regarding IoT adoption. The most prominently used
and impact negatively (Al-Momani et al., 2018; Arfi et al., 2021; moderators are gender (14 times) and age (12 times). Other demo-
Chatterjee, 2020; Rey et al., 2021; Tu, 2018), which must be taken graphic factors are also studied in past researches, including education
into account by the manufacturers and service products to work (5 times), income (3 times) and marital status (1 time). Apart from
upon. Perceived privacy and perceived risk were the second and third demographic variables, other factors are also incorporated to investi-
most used barriers in past studies. Privacy means the potential loss of gate the moderating effect of personal/consumer innovativeness
personal information control. Where perceived risk refers to an (3 times), perceived risk (1 time), security concern (1 time),
KUMAR ET AL. 2563

FIGURE 6 Integrated conceptual framework.

organization size (1 time), and voluntariness of use (1 time) for the perception” and “risk perception-attitude.” Finally, Pal et al. (2019),
adoption of Internet of Things. In the study by Arfi et al. (2021) used demonstrated that there is a significant relation between “trust” and
gender as a moderator between the independent and dependent vari- “continuous usage intention” for highly innovative individuals.
ables in which they found, in case of male, “effort expectancy,” “social
influence,” “perceived risk,” and “facilitating conditions” significantly
influenced the “behavioral intention.” Whereas, in case of female 4.3 | Mediators
respondents, only social influence and facilitating conditions were the
main influencers of behavioral intention. In another study by Alraja Existing studies have used various variables as mediators to delineate
(2022), the result reported that in case of generation Y, there is a the process in which two factors are related. Some of the antecedents
moderating effect between “attitude-behavioral intention,” “trust-risk and outcomes have been used as a mediator in the past studies
2564 KUMAR ET AL.

FIGURE 7 Classification of antecedents of IoT adoption.

depending on the context. The highest used mediators in the context privacy value, digital society affinity, public trust value” and “continu-
of IoT adoption are attitude with a frequency of 25, perceived useful- ous usage intention.” Also, they have found the partial mediation of
ness (17 times), behavioral intention (13 times), and “perceived ease of public value between “social influence value, citizens’ empowerment
use.” The other mediators are “perceived risk” (4 times), public value value” and “continuous usage intention.”
(3 times), trust (3 times), perceived value (3 times), facilitation appropri-
ation (2 times), subjective norm (1 time), value co-creation (1 time),
information quality (1 time), system quality (1 time), motivation (1 time) 4.4 | Outcomes
and personal innovation (1 time). Nawi et al. (2022) reported that atti-
tude plays a mediating role between the “performance expectancy, Outcomes are the resulting factors which are impacted by the anteced-
facilitating conditions, perceived enjoyment, perceived trust, perceived ents, moderators and mediators. Our SLR reveals that several outcomes
risk” and “acceptance of IoT.” Similarly, Maswadi et al. (2022) found a have been studied in past researches. Various outcomes indicating the
significant mediating role of attitude between “effort expectancy, per- similar meaning which were grouped together based on the concept
formance expectancy” and “behavioral intention.” Chohan et al. (2021) matrix. Most of the studies used intention to use (50 times), continuous
validated a mediating effect of public value between “information use intention (13 times) and actual usage (7 times) as the consequences
KUMAR ET AL. 2565

in the context of IoT. Additionally, other studies have used different and other industries. However, few studies have been done so far
variables including user resistance, quality of life, public value creation, on the smart education system, IoT-enabled agriculture, intention
wellbeing, competitive advantage, and organizational performance. Fur- of society and government to adopt IoT smart cities. Globally, the
ther, we have shown the relationship among the outcomes in the con- adoption of smart cities has enormous potential; for instance, India
ceptual framework, such as the fact that actual use or continuous is now working on the development of 100 smart cities under the
usage of IoT products by a consumer improves their wellbeing project Smart Cities Mission, which is expected to complete in
(Lu, 2021) and quality of life (Chatterjee & Kar, 2018). On the other June 2023. Although effort has begun to transform conventional
hand, the application of IoT products in organizations results in a com- cities into smart cities, there is still a vacuum of study in the litera-
petitive advantage (Das, 2019) and improved organizational perfor- ture (Sharma, 2022). This research gap must be filled by
mance (Lee et al., 2022). Finally, the IoT would enhance the value of researchers around the world in order to understand citizen expec-
residence living in smart cities (Chohan & Hu, 2020). tations, potential adoption obstacles for smart cities, and future
directions. There is a similar case of smart education system, IoT-
enabled agriculture and IoT smart homes, which also require to be
5 | RESEARCH GAPS AND FUTURE addressed by researchers, policy-makers and government.
RESEARCH AGENDA • Our analysis revealed that many obstacles are inhibiting the main-
stream adoption of the Internet of Things, such as interoperability,
A thorough analysis of the existing literature on the adoption of IoTs perceived risk, privacy, and security. These challenges need to be
reveals that some aspects need scholarly exploration and critical considered while implementing IoT. Combining other cutting-edge
examination. Based on the current analysis, this study illuminates the technologies, such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, cloud com-
research gaps. Further, these research gaps are used to propose the puting, and the Internet of Things, could lead to one possible
future research agenda on the basis of TCCM framework. answer to these problems. IoT devices gather massive amount of
data which requires high storage capacity. It could be solved by
integrating IoT devices with cloud computing technology. On the
5.1 | Theory other hand, blockchain technology could be a game changer in
transmitting huge amounts of data on cloud platforms by providing
• This literature evaluation demonstrated the dominance of a few the- security and mitigating the risk of data interception. Futher, artifi-
oretical models (TAM, UTAUT, TOE, and DOI) and factors (trust, cial intelligence will convert the data into useful information, which
facilitating conditions, social influence, perceived privacy, cost, per- can enhance the decision-making of the users. However, relatively
ceived ease of use and perceived usefulness) in describing con- little work has been done in this area up to this point. Future
sumers' intention to adopt IoT. Such hegemony of these research should concentrate on expanding this area of study and
conventional theories and factors directly results to monotony in the looking for additional potential solutions.
literature of technology adoption and prevents the introduction of • The finding of the study revealed that approximately 60% of the
new perspectives that could advance the adoption domain. However, researches have been conducted in the Asian region, indicating the
scholars have been experimenting with novel ideas to comprehend increasing trend in the acceptance of IoT products. Further, it is
the adoption phenomena. Therefore, there has been a progressive noteworthy to point out that researchers from emerging and
shift away from these conventional theories and models to other developing countries must investigate this topic and offer potential
adoption theories in recent years. Also, researchers have used multi- future directions for IoT adoption and its applications.
ple new factors which can serve as facilitators in explaining the users’
behavior in IoT adoption. For example, value-based adoption trade-
off between the benefits and sacrifice to measure the perceived 5.3 | Characteristics
value of the users. PolySocial Reality (PoSR) categorizes the different
constructs in people, things and technologies. Additionally, validation • Most of the studies are empirical in nature, in which data was
of rarely used constructs such as “value of openness to changes” in directly obtained from the respondents. However, the majority of
behavioral reasoning theory and threat factors in Protection Motiva- the papers have not described the specific IoT devices whose
tion Theory could be further explored. Future studies may find it fas- intention is being evaluated and paid the least amount of focus on
cinating to use these ideas as a springboard for developing research their unique traits, capabilities, and problems. A technology is more
models that are appropriate in various contexts. likely to be adopted by users if its features and designs match their
needs, tastes, experiences, and social context. Research on particu-
lar IoT devices should be done with a focus on service-related
5.2 | Context issues.
• The majority of studies have explored behavior intention and
• Numerous studies have been done on the use of IoT in various sec- adoption. However, only a few researchers have focused on post-
tors, including smart cities, smart homes, agriculture, healthcare, adoption impacts on users, namely continuous usage, creating
2566 KUMAR ET AL.

TABLE 6 Proposed research questions for future research.

TCCM Research gaps identified Future research questions

Theory Lack of research that introduces and investigates • What new theories could be undertaken for investigating the users’
adoption behavior using unconventional behavior for IoT adoption and post-adoption?
theories • To what extent does the MATH theory explain the adoption and usage
behavior of smart home diffusion and adoption?
Context Lack of research in education and agriculture • What are the main drivers of IoT adoption in educational settings, and how
industry can these drivers effectively leverage the IoT adoption?
• How can IoT-enabled smart farming systems contribute to better decision-
making, optimize resource allocation, and boost the efficiency and
sustainability of agricultural operations?
Lack of studies providing potential solutions for • How can IoT deployments be made resilient and safe while addressing
shortcomings in IoT adoption vulnerabilities, privacy issues, and cyber security risks related to IoT
devices?
Few studies have examined the cross-country • Do users exhibit different behaviors in adopting IoT technology across
consumer behavior of IoT adoption various countries?
Paucity of research on the integration of different • How different technologies including blockchain, cloud computing, artificial
technologies with IoT intelligence can facilitate in adoption of IoT technology?
Characteristics Lack of studies exploring the adoption • What are the factors influencing the acceptance of IoT in specific
characteristics in specific applications of IoT applications, and how do these factors differ from general trend of IoT
adoption?
Paucity of studies investigated the post-adoption • How can IoT adoption contribute to sustainable developments?
consequences of IoT adoption • How can Industrial IoT adoption contribute to organizational performance?
• How can IoT adoption contribute to consumer wellbeing and quality
of life?
Methods Dearth of studies conducting qualitative research • How can qualitative research methods, such as in-depth interviews and
on IoT adoption focus group, capture the complex social and cultural implications of IoT
adoption in different domains?
Lack of research investigating the IoT adoption • How can mixed-methods provide a comprehensive understanding of IoT
using different set of research methods adoption?
Few researchers conducted longitudinal studies • How do changes in user behavior and attitudes towards IoT adoption
evolve over an extended period, and what are the underlying factors
contributing to these changes?

public value, satisfaction, organizational performance, and well- findings to the entire population (Alkhowaiter, 2020; Gupta &
being. Furthermore, the researchers establish the linkages between Dhingra, 2022). Furthermore, research has focused particularly on
these variables, such as the fact that actual use or continuous young and educated customers, they behave considerably different
usage of IoT products by a consumer improves their wellbeing and from the rest of society. Future studies should therefore use
quality of life. On the other hand, the application of IoT products in diverse sampling strategies and must study respondents from vari-
organizations results in a competitive advantage and improved ous age groups and educational levels. Furthermore, retailers,
organizational performance. Finally, the IoT would enhance the employees and corporates must be included in their sample frame.
value of residence living in smart cities. Researchers are advised to • Our study revealed that few researchers (Shank et al., 2021) have
conduct studies on these variables to enhance the understanding attempted to explore the adoption phenomenon of IoT using the
of the post-adoption behavior. Besides, other post-adoption fac- longitudinal survey approach. The longitudinal studies help in dem-
tors, such as recommendation to use, e-wom, sustain usage, and onstrating the individuals’ behavior in IoT adoption by observing
sedentary behavior, indicates promising area of research and con- changes and pattern over the period of time. It aims to compre-
tribute significantly to this field. hend how individuals’ behavior evolves throughout the adoption
process and how these variations affect individuals' experiences
and consequences. Future studies need to investigate the user
5.4 | Method behavior using longitudinal approach.
• As per the result of the study, most of the articles are quantitative
• There are multiple sampling techniques available for primary in nature (95.04%). Only five articles have used qualitative and
research. After reviewing all of the articles, we have discovered mixed-method approaches to understand the phenomenon of IoT
that the majority of researchers use convenience sampling as a adoption. Future studies can bridge this gap and enrich the current
method of data collection, which can limit the applicability of the understanding by using different qualitative methods for their
KUMAR ET AL. 2567

research including focus group, interviews, and ethnographic strategize their adoption plan subject to the barriers listed in the inte-
research to explore the users’ insights towards IoT adoption. Such grated conceptual framework. Lastly, the detailed analysis of these
personal observation can help in identification of new variables variables will help the business and manufacturers for making effec-
and development of new theories, which can be empirically vali- tive product manufacturing and services, which boost the speed of
dated to understand adoption behavior. adoption of IoT products and services.

5.5 | Proposed research questions based on TCCM 7 | CONC LU SION

framework
This study is essential since few studies in the literature have thor-
Based on the identified gaps, we have proposed research questions in oughly examined the adoption of IoT technology. We have systemati-
Table 6, which is in line with the previous systematic literature cally reviewed the 101 publications on IoT adoption retrieved from
reviews (Billore & Anisimova, 2021; Ghorbani et al., 2022; the widely used database; Web of Science and Scopus. This study has
Harju, 2022; Redine et al., 2023; Roy Bhattacharjee et al., 2022). adopted the methodology provided by Paul, Lim, et al. (2021), com-
monly known as SPAR-4-SLR. Further, to structure the flowchart of
the study, we have employed the Prisma framework (Moher
6 | C O N T R I B U TI O N et al., 2010) with “SPAR-4-SLR” (Paul, Lim, et al., 2021). Additionally,
we have followed the “TCCM framework” proposed by Paul and
6.1 | Theoretical contribution Rosado-serrano (2019a) to thoroughly analyze the body of the litera-
ture, highlighting the current research gaps and providing future
By systematically synthesizing the literature, this study enriches research agenda.
the current knowledge on IoT adoption based on various consider- To answer the first two research questions, which enquire about
ations. First, previous studies have reviewed on IoT in different the current state of knowledge and major adoption theories used in
domains; however, cumulative understanding of IoT has not been IoT adoption research, we have included multiple analyses; year-wise
studied yet. In this regard, this study consolidates the existing liter- publications, country-wise publications, most prominent journals, cita-
ature of IoT adoption and draws a big picture in the concerned tion analysis, theories, frameworks, and methods used in literature. It
domain. Second, this study elaborates descriptive analysis of the was observed that the study has constantly expanded and gained
articles, which provides knowledge on every aspect of this domain, ground in terms of the number of publications over the years. It dem-
including year-wise publication, country-wise publications and cita- onstrates that the major stakeholders are becoming more interested
tion analysis. Third, this study highlights the important theories in adopting this technology. Additionally, we have discovered that the
and methods which have been used to examine the adoption phe- adoption of IoT technology is a multifaceted topic of research based
nomenon of IoT in multiple domains. Fourth, this study has devel- on the number of articles listed in multidisciplinary journals. Further-
oped a conceptual framework based on antecedents, mediators, more, we have observed that the TAM model, followed by the UTAUT
moderators, and outcomes. The antecedents have been divided framework and TOE, are the most relevant theories in the context of
into three categories, including industry-specific enablers, common IoT adoption.
enablers and barriers, which helps the readers to understand the This study has provided a comprehensive list of “antecedents,”
antecedents easily. Lastly, the finding of the study helps the “moderators,” “mediators,” and “outcomes” which are employed by
researcher to understand the current boundaries and future scope the researchers in the context of IoT adoption. Further, we have
of the research. developed an integrated conceptual framework in which the ante-
cedents are divided into two categories, including enablers and bar-
riers, which lead to mediators or outcomes. Additionally, we have
6.2 | Practical contribution outlined the possible relationships among various outcomes used in
IoT adoption based on the literature. Besides that, the antecedents
This study not only contributes theoretically but also provides some are further grouped into four categories by employing the “Technol-
practical implications. The study firstly suggests that professionals and ogy-organization-environment framework” (Tornatzky et al., 1990)
managers responsible for the technological advancements in an orga- with an end-user-specific category. The classification of factors
nization, may use our research to comprehend the wide spectrum of would help the researchers and policymakers to comprehend this
IoT devices' applicability in managing their business. Secondly, the complex phenomenon. The factors that are empirically supported in
conclusions suggest that it is necessary to practically examine techno- the articles will have a significant impact on IoT users, which will
logical, environmental, organizational and end-user-specific variables aid producers in better understanding the needs of potential cus-
that influence the implementation of IoT. Third, the finding of the tomers and improving their products. It will also assist policymakers
study demonstrates various barriers affecting IoT adoption, which in advancing the interests of consumers by creating better
must be taken into consideration. Fourth, managers are advised to regulations.
2568 KUMAR ET AL.

8 | L I M I T A T I O NS A N D S C O P E F O R Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior

FUTURE RESEARCH and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.
1080/10410236.2018.1493416
Aldossari, M. Q., & Sidorova, A. (2020). Consumer acceptance of Internet
The present research is exposed to a couple of limitations. First, the of Things (IoT): Smart home context. Journal of Computer Information
search process for this review is only restricted to the Web of Science Systems, 60(6), 507–517. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2018.
with impact factor more than or equal to 1 and Q1 and Q2 categories 1543000
Alhasan, A., Audah, L., Ibrahim, I., Al-Sharaa, A., Al-Ogaili, A. S.,
in the Scopus database to maintain the quality of articles throughout
Mohammed, M., & Mohammed, J. M. (2020). A case-study to examine
the review, which narrowed the number of articles for this review. doctors’ intentions to use IoT healthcare devices in Iraq during
Therefore, other databases such as EBSCO, Google Scholar, and Sci- COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Pervasive Computing and
ence Direct can be opted for future research. Second, even though Communications. 18(5), 527–547. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPCC-10-
2020-0175
the researchers provide a comprehensive list of antecedents, modera-
Al-Husamiyah, A., & Al-Bashayreh, M. (2021). A comprehensive accep-
tors, and dependent variables used in the literature, the authors tance model for smart home services. International Journal of Data and
believe that the significance of these variables in affecting IoT adop- Network Science, 6(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.5267/J.IJDNS.2021.
tion can be further researched. Third, this review was primarily 10.005
Alkawsi, G. A., Ali, N., & Baashar, Y. (2020). An empirical study of the
focused on IoT adoption; future researchers can dwell on other issues,
acceptance of IoT-based smart meter in Malaysia: The effect of
such as the IoT ecosystem, trust, and legal and regulatory frameworks.
electricity-saving knowledge and environmental awareness. IEEE
Fourth, there is a need to study the integration of IoT with other Access, 8, 42794–42804. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.
prominent technologies, including Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, 2977060
digital twins and Cloud computing. Alkhowaiter, W. A. (2020). Digital payment and banking adoption research
in Gulf countries: A systematic literature review. International Journal
of Information Management, 53, 102102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ijinfomgt.2020.102102
We are grateful to the Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University for Almaiah, M. A., Alfaisal, R., Salloum, S. A., Al-Otaibi, S., Shishakly, R.,
providing us the infrastructure and opportunity to conduct our study. Lutfi, A., Alrawad, M., Mulhem, A. A., Awad, A. B., & Al-Maroof, R. S.
(2022). Integrating teachers’ TPACK levels and students’ learning
motivation, technology innovativeness, and optimism in an IoT accep-
FUND ING INFORMATION tance model. Electronics, 11(19), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies electronics11193197
in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Al-Maroof, R. S., Alhumaid, K., Alhamad, A. Q., Aburayya, A., & Salloum, S.
(2021). User acceptance of smart watch for medical purposes: An
empirical study. Future Internet, 13(5), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/
CONF LICT OF IN TE RE ST ST AT E MENT fi13050127
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Almazroi, A. A. (2022). An empirical investigation of factors influencing the
adoption of Internet of Things services by end-users. Arabian Journal
for Science and Engineering, 48(5), 1641–1659. https://doi.org/10.
DATA AVAI LAB ILITY S TATEMENT
1007/s13369-022-06954-8
Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were gener- Al-Momani, A. M., Mahmoud, M. A., & Ahmad, M. S. (2018). Factors that
ated or analysed during the current study. influence the acceptance of Internet of Things services by customers
of telecommunication companies in Jordan. Journal of Organizational
and End User Computing, 30(4), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.4018/
ORCID
JOEUC.2018100104
Anil Kumar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7330-2542
Almugari, F., Bajaj, P., Tabash, M. I., Khan, A., & Ali, M. A. (2020). An exami-
nation of consumers’ adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) in Indian
RE FE R ENC E S banks. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1), 1809071. https://doi.
Abdulhak, I., Menzies, J., Paul, J., & Hassan, R. (2022). The internationaliza- org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1809071
tion of Australian innovative small-to-medium enterprises utilizing Alraja, M. (2022). Frontline healthcare providers’ behavioural intention to
wholly foreign-owned entities in China. Thunderbird International Busi- Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled healthcare applications: A gender-
ness Review, 64(4), 285–299. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.22277 based, cross-generational study. Technological Forecasting and Social
Aggarwal, N., Albert, L. J., Hill, T. R., & Rodan, S. A. (2020). Risk knowledge Change, 174, 121256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.
and concern as influences of purchase intention for Internet of Things 121256
devices. Technology in Society, 62, 101311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. Al-rawashdeh, M., Keikhosrokiani, P., Belaton, B., Alawida, M., & Zwiri, A.
techsoc.2020.101311 (2022). IoT adoption and application for smart healthcare: A system-
Aghaei Chadegani, A., Salehi, H., Md Yunus, M. M., Farhadi, H., atic review. Sensors, 22(14), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/
Fooladi, M., Farhadi, M., & Ale Ebrahim, N. (2013). A comparison s22145377
between two main academic literature collections: Web of science and Alsuwaidan, L., & Almegren, N. (2020). Validating the adoption of hetero-
scopus databases. Asian Social Science, 9(5), 18–26. https://doi.org/10. geneous Internet of Things with blockchain. Future Internet, 12(6), 1–
5539/ass.v9n5p18 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12060107
Ahmetoglu, S., Cob, Z. C., & Ali, N. (2022). A systematic review of Internet Ameen, N., Sharma, G. D., Tarba, S., Rao, A., & Chopra, R. (2022). Toward
of Things adoption in organizations: Taxonomy, benefits, challenges advancing theory on creativity in marketing and artificial intelligence.
and critical factors. Applied Sciences, 12(9), 4117. https://doi.org/10. Psychology and Marketing, 39(9), 1802–1825. https://doi.org/10.
3390/app12094117 1002/mar.21699
KUMAR ET AL. 2569

Arfi, W. B., Nasr, I. B., Kondrateva, G., & Hikkerova, L. (2021). The role of smart cities. Media and Communication, 6(4), 127–139. https://doi.org/
trust in intention to use the IoT in eHealth: Application of the modified 10.17645/mac.v6i4.1679
UTAUT in a consumer context. Technological Forecasting and Social Canziani, B., & MacSween, S. (2021). Consumer acceptance of voice-
Change, 167, 120688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021. activated smart home devices for product information seeking and
120688 online ordering. Computers in Human Behavior, 119, 106714. https://
Ayaz, M., Ammad-Uddin, M., Sharif, Z., Mansour, A., & Aggoune, E. H. M. doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106714
(2019). Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based smart agriculture: Toward mak- Casino, F., Dasaklis, T. K., & Patsakis, C. (2019). A systematic literature
ing the fields talk. IEEE Access, 7, 129551–129583. https://doi.org/10. review of blockchain-based applications: Current status, classification
1109/ACCESS.2019.2932609 and open issues. Telematics and Informatics, 36, 55–81. https://doi.
Balta-Ozkan, N., Davidson, R., Bicket, M., & Whitmarsh, L. (2013). Social org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.11.006
barriers to the adoption of smart homes. Energy Policy, 63, 363–374. Chakma, R., Paul, J., & Dhir, S. (2021). Organizational ambidexterity: A
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.08.043 review and research agenda. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Manage-
Bao, H., Chong, A. Y. L., Ooi, K. B., & Lin, B. (2014). Are Chinese consumers ment, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2021.3114609
ready to adopt mobile smart home? An empirical analysis. International Chang, S., & Nam, K. (2021). Smart home adoption: The impact of user
Journal of Mobile Communications, 12(5), 496–511. https://doi.org/10. characteristics and differences in perception of benefits. Buildings,
1504/IJMC.2014.064595 11(9), 393. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11090393
Barari, M., Ross, M., Thaichon, S., & Surachartkumtonkun, J. (2020). A Chatterjee, S. (2020). Factors impacting behavioral intention of users to
meta-analysis of customer engagement behaviour. International Journal adopt iot in India: From security and privacy perspective. International
of Consumer Studies, 45(4), 457–477. Journal of Information Security and Privacy, 14(4), 92–112. https://doi.
Basu, R., Paul, J., & Singh, K. (2022). Visual merchandising and store atmo- org/10.4018/IJISP.2020100106
spherics: An integrated review and future research directions. Journal Chatterjee, S., & Kar, A. K. (2018). Effects of successful adoption of infor-
of Business Research, 151, 397–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres. mation technology enabled services in proposed smart cities of India:
2022.07.019 From user experience perspective. Journal of Science and Technology
Baudier, P., Ammi, C., & Deboeuf-Rouchon, M. (2020). Smart home: Policy Management, 9(2), 189–209. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-
Highly-educated students’ acceptance. Technological Forecasting and 03-2017-0008
Social Change, 153, 119355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018. Chatterjee, S., Kar, A. K., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2022). Intention to Use IoT by
06.043 aged indian consumers. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 62,
Ben Arfi, W., Ben Nasr, I., Khvatova, T., & Ben Zaied, Y. (2021). Under- 655–666. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2021.1873080
standing acceptance of eHealthcare by IoT natives and IoT immigrants: Chen, J. H., Ha, N. T. T., Tai, H. W., & Chang, C. A. (2020). The willingness
An integrated model of UTAUT, perceived risk, and financial cost. to adopt the Internet of Things (IoT) conception in Taiwan's construc-
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 163, 120437. https://doi. tion industry. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 26(6), 534–
org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120437 550. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2020.12639
Beştepe, F., & Yildirim, S. Ö. (2022). Acceptance of IoT-based and Chohan, S. R., & Hu, G. (2020). Success factors influencing citizens’ adop-
sustainability-oriented smart city services: A mixed methods study. tion of IoT service orchestration for public value creation in smart gov-
Sustainable Cities and Society, 80, 103794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ernment. IEEE Access, 8, 208427–208448. https://doi.org/10.1109/
scs.2022.103794 ACCESS.2020.3036054
Bhadauria, V. S., & Chennamaneni, A. (2022). Do desire, anxiety and per- Chohan, S. R., Hu, G., Khan, A. U., Pasha, A. T., Saleem, F., & Sheikh, M. A.
sonal innovativeness impact the adoption of IoT devices? Information (2021). IoT as societal transformer: Improving citizens’ continuous
and Computer Security, 30(5), 730–750. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICS- usage intention in digital society through perceived public value.
07-2021-0096 Library Hi Tech. Epub ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-05-
Bhatt, V., & Chakraborty, S. (2020). Importance of trust in iot based wear- 2021-0156
able device adoption by patient: An empirical investigation. Proceed- Chuang, J. H., Wang, J. H., & Liang, C. (2020). Implementation of Internet
ings of the 4th International Conference on IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics of Things depends on intention: Young farmers’ willingness to accept
and Cloud, ISMAC 2020, 1226–1231. https://doi.org/10.1109/I- innovative technology. International Food and Agribusiness Management
SMAC49090.2020.9243533 Review, 23(2), 253–266. https://doi.org/10.22434/IFAMR2019.0121
Billore, S., & Anisimova, T. (2021). Panic buying research: A systematic lit- Cui, Q., Wei, R., Huang, R., Hu, X., & Wang, G. (2022). The effect of per-
erature review and future research agenda. International Journal of ceived risk on public participation intention in smart city development:
Consumer Studies, 45(4), 777–804. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs. Evidence from China. Land, 11(9), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/
12669 land11091604
Brar, P. S., Shah, B., Singh, J., Ali, F., & Kwak, D. (2022). Using modified Dabi
c, M., Vlači
c, B., Paul, J., Dana, L. P., Sahasranamam, S., & Glinka, B.
technology acceptance model to evaluate the adoption of a proposed (2020). Immigrant entrepreneurship: A review and research agenda.
IoT-based indoor disaster management software tool by rescue Journal of Business Research, 113, 25–38.
workers. Sensors, 22(5), 1866. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051866 Dadhich, M., Poddar, S., & Hiran, K. K. (2022). Antecedents and conse-
Brous, P., Janssen, M., & Herder, P. (2020). The dual effects of the Internet quences of patients’ adoption of the IoT 4.0 for e-health management
of Things (IoT): A systematic review of the benefits and risks of IoT system: A novel PLS-SEM approach. Smart Health, 25, 100300.
adoption by organizations. International Journal of Information Manage- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhl.2022.100300
ment, 51, 101952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.05.008 Das, S. (2019). The early bird catches the worm—First mover advantage
Brown, S. A., & Venkatesh, V. (2005). Model of adoption of technology in through IoT adoption for indian public sector retail oil outlets. Journal
households: A baseline model test and extention incorporating house- of Global Information Technology Management, 22(4), 280–308.
hold life cycle. MIS Quarterly, 29(3), 399–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/1097198X.2019.1679588
Business-Insights. (2022). Internet of things (IoT) market size, share, and Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user
covid 19 impact analysis. Fortune Business Insights, 130. acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly: Management
Buyle, R., Van Compernolle, M., Vlassenroot, E., Vanlishout, Z., Information Systems, 13(3), 319–339. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Mechant, P., & Mannens, E. (2018). “Technology readiness and accep- de Boer, P. S., van Deursen, A. J. A. M., & van Rompay, T. J. L. (2019).
tance model” as a predictor for the use intention of data standards in Accepting the internet-of-things in our homes: The role of user skills.
2570 KUMAR ET AL.

Telematics and Informatics, 36, 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. Habib, A., Alsmadi, D., & Prybutok, V. R. (2020). Factors that determine
tele.2018.12.004 residents’ acceptance of smart city technologies. Behaviour and Infor-
Ehie, I. C., & Chilton, M. A. (2020). Understanding the influence of IT/OT mation Technology, 39(6), 610–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/
Convergence on the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) in 0144929X.2019.1693629
manufacturing organizations: An empirical investigation. Computers in Harju, C. (2022). The perceived quality of wooden building materials—A
Industry, 115, 103166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2019. systematic literature review and future research agenda. International
103166 Journal of Consumer Studies, 46(1), 29–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/
El Barachi, M., Salim, T. A., Nyadzayo, M. W., Mathew, S., Badewi, A., & ijcs.12764
Amankwah-Amoah, J. (2022). The relationship between citizen readi- Hasan, N., Bao, Y., Miah, S. J., & Fenton, A. (2021). Factors influencing the
ness and the intention to continuously use smart city services: Mediat- young physicians’ intention to use Internet of Things (IoT) services in
ing effects of satisfaction and discomfort. Technology in Society, 71, healthcare. Information Development, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1177/
102115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102115 02666669211064114
Falagas, M. E., Pitsouni, E. I., Malietzis, G. A., & Pappas, G. (2008). Compar- Hassan, S. M., Rahman, Z., & Paul, J. (2022). Consumer ethics: A review
ison of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar: and research agenda. Psychology and Marketing, 39(1), 111–130.
Strengths and weaknesses. The FASEB Journal, 22(2), 338–342. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21580
https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.07-9492lsf Hossain, M. I., Yusof, A. F., Hussin, A. R. C., Lahad, N. A., & Sadiq, A. S.
Falwadiya, H., & Dhingra, S. (2022). Blockchain technology adoption in (2021). Factors influencing adoption model of continuous glucose
government organizations: A systematic literature review. Journal of monitoring devices for Internet of Things healthcare. Internet of Things,
Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 15(3), 473–501. https://doi. 15, 100353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2020.100353
org/10.1108/JGOSS-09-2021-0079 Hou, J., Arpan, L., Wu, Y., Feiock, R., Ozguven, E., & Arghandeh, R. (2020).
Fazal-e-Hasan, S. M., Amrollahi, A., Mortimer, G., Adapa, S., & The road toward smart cities: A study of citizens’ acceptance of
Makam, S. B. (2021). A multi-method approach to examining consumer mobile applications for city services. Energies, 13(10), 1–15. https://
intentions to use smart retail technology. Computers in Human Behav- doi.org/10.3390/en13102496
ior, 117, 106622. Hsu, C. L., & Lin, J. C. C. (2016). An empirical examination of consumer
Feliciano-Cestero, M. M., Ameen, N., Kotabe, M., Paul, J., & Signoret, M. adoption of Internet of Things services: Network externalities and
(2023). Is digital transformation threatened? A systematic literature concern for information privacy perspectives. Computers in Human
review of the factors influencing firms’ digital transformation and Behavior, 62, 516–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.023
internationalization. Journal of Business Research, 157, 113546. Hsu, C. L., & Lin, J. C. C. (2018). Exploring factors affecting the adoption of
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113546 Internet of Things services. Journal of Computer Information Systems,
Gao, L., & Bai, X. (2013). A unified perspective on the factors influencing 58(1), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2016.1186524
consumer acceptance of Internet of Things technology. Asia Pacific Hsu, C. W., & Yeh, C. C. (2017). Understanding the factors affecting the
Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 26(2), 211–231. https://doi.org/10. adoption of the Internet of Things. Technology Analysis and Strategic
1108/APJML-06-2013-0061 Management, 29(9), 1089–1102. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.
George, J. F., Chen, R., & Yuan, L. (2021). Intent to purchase IoT home 2016.1269160
security devices: Fear vs privacy. PLoS ONE, 16(9), 1–14. https://doi. Hu, R., Shahzad, F., Abbas, A., & Liu, X. (2022). Decoupling the influence of
org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257601 eco-sustainability motivations in the adoption of the green industrial
Ghoddoosinejad, J., Sokhanvar, M., Ameri, H., Hosseinzadeh, M., IoT and the impact of advanced manufacturing technologies. Journal of
Mastaneh, M., Keshtkar, N., & Arab-Zozani, M. (2023). Challenges of Cleaner Production, 339(2021), 130708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
strategic purchasing in healthcare systems of developing countries: A jclepro.2022.130708
systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. Journal of Hubert, M., Blut, M., Brock, C., Zhang, R. W., Koch, V., & Riedl, R. (2019).
Public Health, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-022-01807-y The influence of acceptance and adoption drivers on smart home
Ghorbani, M., Karampela, M., & Tonner, A. (2022). Consumers’ brand per- usage. European Journal of Marketing, 53(6), 1073–1098. https://doi.
sonality perceptions in a digital world: A systematic literature review org/10.1108/EJM-12-2016-0794
and research agenda. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 46(5), ITU. (2015). Internet of things global standards initiative. https://www.itu.
960–991. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12791. int/en/ITU-T/gsi/iot/Pages/default.aspx
Gökçearslan, S., Yildiz Durak, H., & Atman Uslu, N. (2022). Acceptance of Jaspers, E. D. T., & Pearson, E. (2022). Consumers’ acceptance of domestic
educational use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the context of indi- Internet-of-Things: The role of trust and privacy concerns. Journal of
vidual innovativeness and ICT competency of pre-service teachers. Business Research, 142, 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.
Interactive Learning Environments, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 2021.12.043
10494820.2022.2091612 Jayashankar, P., Nilakanta, S., Johnston, W. J., Gill, P., & Burres, R. (2018).
Gopalakrishnan, S., & Ganeshkumar, P. (2013). Systematic reviews and IoT adoption in agriculture: The role of trust, perceived value and risk.
meta-analysis: Understanding the best evidence in primary healthcare. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 33(6), 804–821. https://
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2(1), 9–14. https://doi. doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-01-2018-0023
org/10.4103/2249-4863.109934 Jebarajakirthy, C., Maseeh, H. I., Morshed, Z., Shankar, A., Arli, D., &
Gu, W., Bao, P., Hao, W., & Kim, J. (2019). Empirical examination of Pentecost, R. (2021). Mobile advertising: A systematic literature
intention to continue to use smart home services. Sustainability, review and future research agenda. International Journal of Consumer
11(19), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195213 Studies, 45(6), 1258–1291. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12728
Gul, F., Zhang, J., Paul, J., & Gul, N. (2018). The role of self-determination Ji, W., & Chan, E. H. W. (2019). Critical factors influencing the adoption of
theory in marketing science: An integrative review and agenda for smart home energy technology in china: A guangdong province case
research. European Management Journal, 37(1), 29–44. https://doi.org/ study. Energies, 12(21), 4180. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12214180
10.1016/j.emj.2018.10.004 Jia, M., Komeily, A., Wang, Y., & Srinivasan, R. S. (2019). Adopting Internet
Gupta, S., & Dhingra, S. (2022). Past, present and future of mobile financial of Things for the development of smart buildings: A review of enabling
services: A critique, review and future agenda. International Journal of technologies and applications. Automation in Construction, 101, 111–
Consumer Studies, 46(6), 2104–2127. 126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.01.023
KUMAR ET AL. 2571

Kang, S., Baek, H., Jung, E., Hwang, H., & Yoo, S. (2019). Survey on the literature review. Psychology and Marketing, 39(6), 1129–1155.
demand for adoption of Internet of Things (IoT)-based services in hos- https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21654
pitals: Investigation of nurses’ perception in a tertiary university hospi- Liu, D., Li, Q., & Han, S. (2022). Using extended technology acceptance
tal. Applied Nursing Research, 47, 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. model to assess the adopt intention of a proposed IoT-based health
apnr.2019.03.005 management tool. Sensors, 22(16), 6092. https://doi.org/10.3390/
Kao, Y. S., Nawata, K., & Huang, C. Y. (2019). An exploration and confirma- s22166092
tion of the factors influencing adoption of IoT-basedwearable fitness Lu, Y. (2021). Examining user acceptance and adoption of the Internet of
trackers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Things. International Journal of Business Science and Applied Manage-
Health, 16(18), 3227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183227 ment, 16(3), 1–17.
Karahoca, A., Karahoca, D., & Aksöz, M. (2018). Examining intention to Madias, K., Borusiak, B., & Szymkowiak, A. (2022). The role of knowledge
adopt to Internet of Things in healthcare technology products. Kyber- about water consumption in the context of intentions to use IoT water
netes, 47(4), 742–770. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-02-2017-0045 metrics. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 1–12. https://doi.org/
Kasilingam, D., & Krishna, R. (2022). Understanding the adoption and will- 10.3389/fenvs.2022.934965
ingness to pay for Internet of Things services. International Journal of Madni, S. H. H., Ali, J., Husnain, H. A., Masum, M. H., Mustafa, S., Shuja, J.,
Consumer Studies, 46(1), 102–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12648 Maray, M., & Hosseini, S. (2022). Factors influencing the adoption of
Kim, K. J., & Shin, D.-H. (2015). An acceptance model for smart watches: IoT for E-learning in higher educational institutes in developing coun-
Implications for the adoption of future wearable technology. Internet tries. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 3415. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.
Research, 25(1), 527–541. 2022.915596
Kim, K. J., & Wang, S. (2021). Understanding the acceptance of the Inter- Makhdoom, I., Abolhasan, M., Abbas, H., & Ni, W. (2019). Blockchain's
net of Things: An integrative theoretical approach. Aslib Journal of adoption in IoT: The challenges, and a way forward. Journal of Network
Information Management, 73(5), 754–771. https://doi.org/10.1108/ and Computer Applications, 125, 251–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
AJIM-03-2021-0073 jnca.2018.10.019
Kim, Y., Park, Y., & Choi, J. (2017). A study on the adoption of IoT smart Mäkinen, H., Haavisto, E., Havola, S., & Koivisto, J. M. (2022). User experi-
home service: Using value-based adoption model. Total Quality Man- ences of virtual reality technologies for healthcare in learning: An inte-
agement and Business Excellence, 28(9–10), 1149–1165. https://doi. grative review. Behaviour and Information Technology, 1–17. https://
org/10.1080/14783363.2017.1310708 doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2020.1788162
Kraus, S., Breier, M., Lim, W. M., Dabi
c, M., Kumar, S., Kanbach, D., Mamonov, S., & Benbunan-Fich, R. (2021). Unlocking the smart home:
Mukherjee, D., Corvello, V., Piñeiro-Chousa, J., Liguori, E., Palacios- Exploring key factors affecting the smart lock adoption intention. Infor-
Marqués, D., Schiavone, F., Ferraris, A., Fernandes, C., & Ferreira, J. J. mation Technology and People, 34(2), 835–861. https://doi.org/10.
(2022). Literature reviews as independent studies: Guidelines for aca- 1108/ITP-07-2019-0357
demic practice. Review of Managerial Science, 16(8), 2577–2595. Marikyan, D., Papagiannidis, S., & Alamanos, E. (2020). Cognitive disso-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-022-00588-8 nance in technology adoption: A study of smart home users. Informa-
Kuberkar, S., & Singhal, T. K. (2021). Factors influencing the adoption tion Systems Frontiers, 1, 1–23.
intention of blockchain and Internet-of-Things technologies for sus- Marimuthu, M., D’Souza, C., & Shukla, Y. (2022). Integrating community
tainable blood bank management. International Journal of Healthcare value into the adoption framework: A systematic review of conceptual
Information Systems and Informatics, 16(4), 1–21. https://doi.org/10. research on participatory smart city applications. Technological Fore-
4018/IJHISI.20211001.oa15 casting and Social Change, 181, 121779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
Kumar, D., Kr, R., Mishra, R., & Fosso, S. (2022). Applications of the Inter- techfore.2022.121779
net of Things for optimizing warehousing and logistics operations: A Marsh, E., Vallejos, E. P., & Spence, A. (2022). The digital workplace and its
systematic literature review and future research directions. Com- dark side: An integrative review. Computers in Human Behavior, 128,
puters & Industrial Engineering, 171, 108455. https://doi.org/10.1016/ 107118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107118
j.cie.2022.108455 Maswadi, K., Ghani, N. A., & Hamid, S. (2022). Factors influencing the
Lebrument, N., Zumbo-Lebrument, C., Rochette, C., & Roulet, T. J. (2021). elderly's behavioural intention to use smart home technologies in
Triggering participation in smart cities: Political efficacy, public admin- Saudi Arabia. PLoS ONE, 17(8), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
istration satisfaction and sense of belonging as drivers of citizens’ pone.0272525
intention. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 171, 1–31. Mital, M., Chang, V., Choudhary, P., Papa, A., & Pani, A. K. (2018). Adoption
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120938 of Internet of Things in India: A test of competing models using a struc-
Lee, I., & Lee, K. (2015). The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, invest- tured equation modeling approach. Technological Forecasting and Social
ments, and challenges for enterprises. Business Horizons, 58(4), 431– Change, 136, 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.001
440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2015.03.008 Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2010). Preferred
Lee, K. L., Romzi, P. N., Hanaysha, J. R., Alzoubi, H. M., & Alshurideh, M. reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The
(2022). Investigating the impact of benefits and challenges of IOT PRISMA statement. International Journal of Surgery, 8(5), 336–341.
adoption on supply chain performance and organizational perfor- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.02.007
mance: An empirical study in Malaysia. Uncertain Supply Chain Manage- Murthy Nimmagadda, S., & Harish, K. S. (2022). Review paper on technol-
ment, 10(2), 537–550. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2021.11.009 ogy adoption and sustainability in India towards smart cities. Multime-
Leong, Y. R., Tajudeen, F. P., & Yeong, W. C. (2021). Bibliometric and con- dia Tools and Applications, 81(19), 27217–27245. https://doi.org/10.
tent analysis of the Internet of Things research: A social science per- 1007/s11042-022-12885-1
spective. Online Information Review, 45(6), 1148–1166. https://doi. Nanda, A. P., & Banerjee, R. (2021). Consumer's subjective financial well-
org/10.1108/OIR-08-2020-0358 being: A systematic review and research agenda. International Journal
Li, W., Yigitcanlar, T., Erol, I., & Liu, A. (2021). Motivations, barriers and of Consumer Studies, 45(4), 750–776. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.
risks of smart home adoption: From systematic literature review to 12668
conceptual framework. Energy Research and Social Science, 80, Nawi, N. C., Al Mamun, A., Md Nasir, N. A., & Rahman, M. K. (2022). Ana-
102211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102211 lyzing customer acceptance of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the retail
Lim, W. M., Kumar, S., Verma, S., & Chaturvedi, R. (2022). Alexa, what do industry. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 14,
we know about conversational commerce? Insights from a systematic 5225–5237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-04383-x
2572 KUMAR ET AL.

Neupane, C., Wibowo, S., Grandhi, S., & Deng, H. (2021). A trust-based International Marketing Review, 38(5), 1082–1111. https://doi.org/10.
model for the adoption of smart city technologies in australian regional 1108/IMR-12-2020-0295
cities. Sustainability, 13(16), 9316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ Paul, J., Lim, W. M., O’Cass, A., Hao, A. W., & Bresciani, S. (2021). Scien-
su13169316 tific procedures and rationales for systematic literature reviews
Nikki Han, M. J., & Kim, M. J. (2021). A critical review of the smart city in (SPAR-4-SLR). International Journal of Consumer Studies, 01–016.
relation to citizen adoption towards sustainable smart living. Habitat https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12695
International, 108, 102312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2021. Paul, J., & Mas, E. (2019). Toward a 7-P framework for international mar-
102312 keting. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 28(8), 681–701. https://doi.org/
Nikou, S. (2019). Factors driving the adoption of smart home technology: 10.1080/0965254X.2019.1569111
An empirical assessment. Telematics and Informatics, 45, 101283. Paul, J., Merchant, A., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Rose, G. (2021). Writing an impact-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.101283 ful review article: What do we know and what do we need to know ?
Nuseir, M. T., Basheer, M. F., & Aljumah, A. (2020). Antecedents of entre- Journal of Business Research, 133, 337–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
preneurial intentions in smart city of Neom Saudi Arabia: Does the jbusres.2021.05.005
entrepreneurial education on artificial intelligence matter? Cogent Busi- Paul, J., Parthasarathy, S., & Gupta, P. (2017). Exporting challenges of
ness and Management, 7(1), 1825041. https://doi.org/10.1080/ SMEs: A review and future research agenda. Journal of World Business,
23311975.2020.1825041 52(3), 327–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2017.01.003
Pal, D., Arpnikanondt, C., Funilkul, S., & Chutimaskul, W. (2020). The adop- Paul, J., & Rialp, A. (2020). The art of writing literature review: What do we
tion analysis of voice-based smart IoT products. IEEE Internet of Things know and what do we need to know ? International Business Review, 29
Journal, 7(11), 10852–10867. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2020. (4), 101717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101717
2991791 Paul, J., & Rosado-serrano, A. (2019a). Gradual Internationalisation versus
Pal, D., Arpnikanondt, C., Funilkul, S., & Razzaque, M. A. (2021). Analyzing Born Global models: A review and research agenda gradual interna-
the adoption and diffusion of voice-enabled smart-home systems: tionalization vs Born-Global/International new venture models a
Empirical evidence from Thailand. Universal Access in the Information review and research agenda. International Marketing Review., 36(6),
Society, 20(4), 797–815. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-020- 830–858. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-10-2018-0280
00754-3 Paul, J., & Rosado-Serrano, A. (2019b). Gradual Internationalization vs
Pal, D., Funilkul, S., & Papasratorn, B. (2019). Antecedents of trust and the Born-Global/International new venture models: A review and research
continuance intention in IoT-based smart products: The case of con- agenda. International Marketing Review, 36(6), 830–858. https://doi.
sumer wearables. IEEE Access, 7, 184160–184171. https://doi.org/10. org/10.1108/IMR-10-2018-0280
1109/ACCESS.2019.2960467 Peng, M. W., & Zhou, J. Q. (2006). Most cited articles and authors in global
Pal, D., Funilkul, S., Vanijja, V., & Papasratorn, B. (2018). Analyzing the strategy research. Journal of International Management, 12(3),
elderly users’ adoption of smart-home services. IEEE Access, 6, 490–508.
51238–51252. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2869599 Perumal, S., Qing, Y. R., & Jaganathan, M. (2022). Factors influencing atti-
Pal, D., Zhang, X., & Siyal, S. (2021). Prohibitive factors to the acceptance tudes and intentions towards smart retail technology. International
of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in society: A smart-home con- Journal of Data and Network Science, 6(2), 595–602. https://doi.org/
text using a resistive modelling approach. Technology in Society, 66, 10.5267/j.ijdns.2021.11.005
101683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101683 Petticrew, M. (2001). Systematic reviews from astronomy to zoology:
Palmaccio, M., Dicuonzo, G., & Belyaeva, Z. S. (2021). The Internet of Myths and misconceptions. BMJ, 322(7278), 98–101.
Things and corporate business models: A systematic literature review. Prashar, A. (2023). Quality management in industry 4.0 environment: a
Journal of Business Research, 131, 610–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. morphological analysis and research agenda. International Journal of
jbusres.2020.09.069 Quality \& Reliability Management, 40(3), 863–885.
Papagiannidis, S., & Davlembayeva, D. (2021). Bringing smart home tech- Prayoga, T., & Abraham, J. (2016). Behavioral intention to use IoT health
nology to peer-to-peer accommodation: Exploring the drivers of inten- device: The role of perceived usefulness, facilitated appropriation, big
tion to stay in smart accommodation. Information Systems Frontiers, 24, five personality traits, and cultural value orientations. International
1189–1208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-021-10227-4 Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 6(4), 1751–1765.
Park, C., & Jeong, M. (2021). A study of factors influencing on passive and https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i4.10546
active acceptance of home energy management services with Internet Pura, M. (2005). Linking perceived value and loyalty in location-based
of Things. Energies, 14(12), 3631. https://doi.org/10.3390/ mobile services. Managing Service Quality, 15(6), 509–538. https://doi.
en14123631 org/10.1108/09604520510634005
Park, E., Cho, Y., Han, J., & Kwon, S. J. (2017). Comprehensive approaches Raj, M., Gupta, S., Chamola, V., Elhence, A., Garg, T., Atiquzzaman, M., &
to user acceptance of Internet of Things in a smart home environment. Niyato, D. (2021). A survey on the role of Internet of Things for adopt-
IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 4(6), 2342–2350. https://doi.org/10. ing and promoting agriculture 4.0. Journal of Network and Computer
1109/JIOT.2017.2750765 Applications, 187, 103107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2021.
Park, E., Kim, S., Kim, Y. S., & Kwon, S. J. (2018). Smart home services as 103107
the next mainstream of the ICT industry: Determinants of the adop- Redine, A., Deshpande, S., Jebarajakirthy, C., & Surachartkumtonkun, J.
tion of smart home services. Universal Access in the Information Society, (2023). Impulse buying: A systematic literature review and future
17(1), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-017-0533-0 research directions. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 47(1),
Paul, J. (2016). Marketing in emerging markets: A review, theoretical syn- 3–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12862
thesis and extension. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 15(3), Rey, A., Panetti, E., Maglio, R., & Ferretti, M. (2021). Determinants in
446–468. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-04-2017-0130 adopting the Internet of Things in the transport and logistics industry.
Paul, J., & Benito, G. R. G. (2018). A review of research on outward foreign Journal of Business Research, 131, 584–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
direct investment from emerging countries, including China: What do jbusres.2020.12.049
we know, how do we know and where should we be heading? Asia Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press Scott
Pacific Business Review, 24(1), 90–115. (Vol. 551).
Paul, J., & Dhiman., R. (2021). Three decades of export competitiveness lit- Ronaghi, M. H., & Forouharfar, A. (2020). A contextualized study of the
erature: Systematic review, synthesis and future research agenda. usage of the Internet of things (IoTs) in smart farming in a typical
KUMAR ET AL. 2573

Middle Eastern country within the context of Unified Theory of Sivathanu, B. (2019). Adoption of industrial IoT (IIoT) in auto-component
Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT). Technology in manufacturing SMEs in India. Information Resources Management Jour-
Society, 63, 101415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101415 nal, 32(2), 52–75. https://doi.org/10.4018/IRMJ.2019040103
Roy Bhattacharjee, D., Pradhan, D., & Swani, K. (2022). Brand communi- Sneesl, R., Jusoh, Y. Y., Jabar, M. A., & Abdullah, S. (2022). Revising tech-
ties: A literature review and future research agendas using TCCM nology adoption factors for IoT-based smart campuses: A systematic
approach. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 46(1), 3–28. review. Sustainability, 14(8), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/
https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12758 su14084840
Ruggeri, G., Orsi, L., & Corsi, S. (2019). A bibliometric analysis of the scien- Song, Y., Yang, Y., & Cheng, P. (2022). The investigation of adoption of
tific literature on Fairtrade labelling. International Journal of Consumer voice-user interface (VUI) in smart home systems among Chinese older
Studies, 43(2), 134–152. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12492 adults. Sensors, 22(4), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041614
Saihi, A., Ben-Daya, M., & As’ad, R. A. (2022). Maintenance and sustain- Strong, R., Wynn, J. T., Lindner, J. R., & Palmer, K. (2022). Evaluating
ability: A systematic review of modeling-based literature. Journal of Brazilian agriculturalists’ IoT smart agriculture adoption barriers:
Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 29(1), 155–187. https://doi.org/ Understanding stakeholder salience prior to launching an innovation.
10.1108/JQME-07-2021-0058 Sensors, 22(18), 6833. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186833
Samaddar, K., & Menon, P. (2020). Non-deceptive counterfeit products: A Sun, R., Zhang, S., Wang, T., Hu, J., Ruan, J., & Ruan, J. (2021). Willingness
morphological analysis of literature and future research agenda. Jour- and influencing factors of pig farmers to adopt Internet of Things tech-
nal of Strategic Marketing, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X. nology in food traceability. Sustainability, 13(16), 8861. https://doi.
2020.1772348 org/10.3390/su13168861
Sarker, I. H. (2022). Smart city data science: Towards data-driven smart cit- Tan, L., & Wang, N. (2010). Future internet: The Internet of Things. In
ies with open research issues. Internet of Things, 19, 100528. https:// ICACTE 2010-2010 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer
doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2022.100528 Theory and Engineering, Proceedings (Vol. 5, pp. 376–380). IEEE.
Saylam, R., & Ozdemir, A. (2022). Military acceptance of the Internet of https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACTE.2010.5579543
Things: A research model. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, Tobarra, L., Haut, J. M., Hernández, R., Pastor-Vargas, R., & Robles-
24(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-03-2021-0045 Go
mez, A. (2021). Analyzing the users’ acceptance of an IoT cloud
Schill, M., Godefroit-Winkel, D., Diallo, M. F., & Barbarossa, C. (2019). platform using the UTAUT/TAM model. IEEE Access, 9, 150004–
Consumers’ intentions to purchase smart home objects: Do environ- 150020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3125497
mental issues matter? Ecological Economics, 161, 176–185. https://doi. Tornatzky, L. G., Fleischer, M., & Chakrabarti, A. K. (1990). The processes of
org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.03.028 technological innovation. Lexington Books.
Sepasgozar, S. M. E., Hawken, S., Sargolzaei, S., & Foroozanfa, M. (2019). Tsourela, M., & Nerantzaki, D. M. (2020). An Internet of Things (Iot) accep-
Implementing citizen centric technology in developing smart cities: A tance model. assessing consumer's behavior toward iot products and
model for predicting the acceptance of urban technologies. Technologi- applications. Future Internet, 12(11), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/
cal Forecasting and Social Change, 142, 105–116. https://doi.org/10. fi12110191
1016/j.techfore.2018.09.012 Tu, M. (2018). An exploratory study of Internet of Things (IoT) adoption
Shank, D. B., Wright, D., Lulham, R., & Thurgood, C. (2021). Knowledge, intention in logistics and supply chain management a mixed research
perceived benefits, adoption, and use of smart home products. Interna- approach. International Journal of Logistics Management, 29(1), 131–
tional Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 37(10), 922–937. 151. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-11-2016-0274
https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1857135 Umair, M., Cheema, M. A., Cheema, O., Li, H., & Lu, H. (2021). Impact of
Sharma, K., Aswal, C., & Paul, J. (2022). Factors affecting green purchase COVID-19 on IoT adoption in healthcare, smarthomes, smart build-
behavior: A systematic literature review. Business Strategy and the ings, smart cities, transportation and industrial IoT. Sensors, 21(11),
Environment, 32(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3237 3838. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113838
Sharma, N. (2022). Bhopal, Surat, Udaipur to be India's first smart cities. Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User
ET Bureau. acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS
Sheth, J. N., Newman, B. I., & Gross, B. L. (1991). Why we buy what we Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478.
buy: A theory of consumption values. Journal of Business Research, Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and
22(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(91)90050-8 Use of information technology: Extending the unified theory of accep-
Shi, Y., Siddik, A. B., Masukujjaman, M., Zheng, G., Hamayun, M., & tance and use of technology. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157–178. https://
Ibrahim, A. M. (2022). The antecedents of willingness to adopt and pay doi.org/10.2307/3250951
for the IoT in the agricultural industry: An application of the UTAUT 2 the- Wang, T., Sun, Y., & Liao, S. (2022). Physical self matters: How the dual nature
ory. Sustainability, 14(11), 6640. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116640 of body image influences smart watch purchase intention. Frontiers in
Shimizu, Y., Osaki, S., Hashimoto, T., & Karasawa, K. (2021). The social Psychology, 13, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.846491
acceptance of collecting and utilizing personal information in smart cit- Wei, N. T., Baharudin, A. S., Hussein, L. A., & Hilmi, M. F. (2019). Factors
ies. Sustainability, 13(16), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169146 affecting user's intention to adopt smart home in Malaysia. Interna-
Shin, J., Park, Y., & Lee, D. (2018). Who will be smart home users? An anal- tional Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 13(12), 39–54. https://
ysis of adoption and diffusion of smart homes. Technological Forecast- doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v13i12.11083
ing and Social Change, 134, 246–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. Xu, N., Fan, X., & Hu, R. (2022). Adoption of green industrial Internet of
techfore.2018.06.029 Things to improve organizational performance: The role of institutional
Shirkey, G., Celik, I., Shao, C., & Chen, J. (2022). A review on the adoption isomorphism and green innovation practices. Frontiers in Psychology,
of AI, BC, and IoT in sustainability research. 13, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.917533
Shuhaiber, A., & Mashal, I. (2019). Understanding users’ acceptance of Yang, H., Lee, H., & Zo, H. (2017). User acceptance of smart home ser-
smart homes. Technology in Society, 58, 101110. https://doi.org/10. vices: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. Industrial Man-
1016/j.techsoc.2019.01.003 agement and Data Systems, 117(1), 68–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/
Sivathanu, B. (2018). Adoption of Internet of Things (IOT) based wearables IMDS-01-2016-0017
for healthcare of older adults—A behavioural reasoning theory (BRT) Yang, H., Lee, W., & Lee, H. (2018). IoT smart home adoption: The impor-
approach. Journal of Enabling Technologies, 12(4), 169–185. https:// tance of proper level automation. Journal of Sensors, 2018. https://doi.
doi.org/10.1108/JET-12-2017-0048 org/10.1155/2018/6464036
2574 KUMAR ET AL.

Yildirim, H., & Ali-Eldin, A. M. T. (2019). A model for predicting user inten-
tion to use wearable IoT devices at the workplace. Journal of King Saud How to cite this article: Kumar, A., Dhingra, S., & Falwadiya,
University—Computer and Information Sciences, 31(4), 497–505.
H. (2023). Adoption of Internet of Things: A systematic
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2018.03.001
Zhang, W., & Liu, L. (2022). Unearthing consumers’ intention to adopt literature review and future research agenda. International
eco-friendly smart home services: An extended version of the theory Journal of Consumer Studies, 47(6), 2553–2582. https://doi.
of planned behavior model. Journal of Environmental Planning and Man- org/10.1111/ijcs.12964
agement, 65(2), 216–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2021.
1880379
KUMAR ET AL. 2575

APPENDIX A

INTERNET OF THINGS ADOPTION LITERATURE

Author(s) Method and no Application of

and year Factors Model/theory of respondent IoT (sector)
Hu et al. (2022) Eco-legitimacy, eco-responsiveness, eco-effectiveness and No model used PLS SEM, 355, Industry
eco-efficiency, adoption of green IoT, advanced China
manufacturing technology, green innovation
Jaspers and Subjective norm, trust, perceived ease of use, perceived TAM PLS SEM, 930, Retail
Pearson (2022) usefulness, intention to use, privacy concern, prior New Zealand
knowledge of privacy invasion
Beştepe and Perceived trust, privacy concerns, perceived cost, personal UTAUT 2 AMOS, 640, Smart City
Yildirim (2022) innovation, intention to use, social influence, quality of life, Turkey
quality of service
Song et al. (2022) Behavior intention, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, TAM and STAM SEM, CFA, 420, Smart Home
trust, self-actualization needs, technology anxiety, mobile China
self-efficacy, perceived physical conditions
Brar et al. (2022) Perceived usefulness, PEOU, attitude, and behavioral intention, TAM AMOS 20 SEM, Industry
information requirement characteristics, job relevance and 257, India
trust in the proposed system
Shi et al. (2022) Facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, trust, UTAUT 2 SPSS and Agriculture
personal innovativeness, effort expectancy, government AMOS, 345,
support, social influence, price value, hedonic motivation, Bangladesh
willingness to pay, willingness to adopt
Xu et al. (2022) Mimetic pressure, normative pressure, coercive pressure, Institutional Theory PLS SEM, 318, Industry
green management innovation, green process innovation, green China
product innovation, green industrial Internet of Things,
organizational performance
Almaiah et al. Learning motivation, technology innovativeness, optimism, TAM PLS SEM, 769, Education
(2022) perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, social norms, Oman and
intention to use UAE
Almazroi (2022) Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, behavioral intention TAM, TPB AMOS SEM, Retail
perceived behavior control, anxiety, enjoyment, subjective 236, Saudi
norm, cost, trust Arabia
El Barachi et al. optimism, innovativeness, satisfaction, empowerment, No model used SEM in AMOS, Smart City
(2022) continuous usage, inhibitors, discomfort, mistrust, insecurity, 350, students
legal ethics in the UAE
Madias et al. Perceive knowledge, awareness of consequences, ascription of Value-Belief-Norm SEM, 532 Retail
(2022) responsibility, personal norms, intention to save water, (VBN) theory
intention to apply smart water meters
Liu et al. (2022) Readiness, external benefit, facilitating conditions, technical TAM, motivation- CFA, 243, China Healthcare
efficacy, PEOU, adoption intention, perceived usefulness, opportunity-ability
perceived risk (MOA)
Nawi et al. (2022) Perceived risk, technology autonomy, perceived trust, UTAUT CMV PLS, 357, Retail
perceived enjoyment, facilitating conditions, social Malaysia
influence, effort expectancy, performance expectancy,
attitudes towards IoT, acceptance of IoT
Gökçearslan et al. Individual innovativeness, ICT competency, facilitating TAM SEM SPSS, 471, Education
(2022) conditions, ease of use, usefulness, intention to use Turkey
Cui et al. (2022) Perceived risk, attitude, subjective norms, participating TRA AMOS SEM, Smart City
intention 193, China
Maswadi et al. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, UTAUT PLS SEM, 486, Smart Home
(2022) facilitating condition, culture influence, technology Saudi Arabia
awareness, education, region, attitude, behavioral intention

(Continues)
2576 KUMAR ET AL.

Author(s) Method and no Application of

and year Factors Model/theory of respondent IoT (sector)
Saylam and Perceived risk, expected cost, compatibility, trust, perceived TAM+ AMOS SEM, Industry
Ozdemir usefulness, perceived ease-of-use, attitude towards using 145, NATO
(2022)
Bhadauria and Threat factors, perceived threat vulnerability, perceived threat, TRA, PMT SPSS SEM, 315, Retail
Chennamaneni severity, anxiety, fear, self-efficacy, response efficacy, USA
(2022) subjective norm, personal innovativeness, desire, behavioral
intention
Lee et al. (2022) Challenges of IoT adoption (organization adjustment, No model used PLS-SEM, 63, Supply Chain
technology trustworthiness) benefits of IoT adoption, Malaysia Industry
(supply chain efficiency, visibility of supply chain), supply
chain performance, organizational performance
Dadhich et al. Perceived trust, perceived facilitating conditions, perceived UTAUT PLS-SEM, 290 Healthcare
(2022) healthcare threat, social influence, effort expectancies,
performance expectancies, behavioral intention
Perumal et al. Perceived risk, perceived enjoyment, PEOU, perceived TAM PLS-SEM, 170, Smart Retail
(2022) usefulness, attitudes towards SRT, behavioral intention Malaysia
toward SRT
Zhang and Liu Intention, attitude information publicity, perceived risk, Extended TPB 587 Smart Home
(2022) subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, compatibility, respondents
environmental consciousness having ESHS
experience,
China
Alraja (2022) Security, privacy, trust—risk perception, attitude, perceived TPB PLS-MGA, 401 Healthcare
behavioral control, behavior intention Oman
Kasilingam and Perceived experiential value, perceived social value, perceived Theory of PLS SEM, 1623, Retail
Krishna (2022) epistemic value, perceived convenience value, perceived Consumption Values India
emotional value, perceived playfulness, personal (TCV)
innovativeness, willingness to pay, attitude, intention to use
Wang et al. Cost, positive body image, perceived ease of use, purchase TAM extended PLS-SEM, 303, Smart Watch
(2022) intention, personal innovativeness toward technology, China
perceived usefulness for health, social-adjustive function,
value-expressive function
Al-Maroof et al. Adoption, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, content TAM extended PLS-SEM, 400, Smart Watch
(2021) richness, relevance, timeliness, sufficiency, personal UAE
innovativeness
Arfi et al. (2021) Perceived trust, social influence, facilitating conditions, effort UTAUT PLS-SEM 267, Healthcare
expectancy, performance expectancy, behavioral intention, France
perceived risk
Canziani and Opinion seeking, facilitating conditions, device utility, hedonic TAM extended PLS SEM, 1040, Smart Home
MacSween choice confusion, price seeking quality seeking, locus of USA
(2021) control gender, generation intention to order
Pal, Zhang, and User skill, technological aspect, legal & policy aspect, Multidimensional PLS-SEM, 463, Smart Homes
Siyal (2021) informational concern, physical concern, psychological Development Thailand
concern, user resistance Theory (MDT)
Fazal-e-Hasan Perceived risk, perceived compatibility, perceived efficacy, No model used ANOVA SEM, Retail
et al. (2021) perceived novelty, consumers’ intentions to use SRT, 338
shopping value, interaction
Lebrument et al. Professionalism and empathy, innovation and creativity, No model used PLS SEM, 604, Smart City
(2021) morality and ethics, internal political efficacy, external France
political efficacy, identification with the city, attachment
with the city, solidarity towards the city, public
administration satisfaction, intention to participate in the SC
Chatterjee et al. Application for personal use, friends and family influence Model of Adoption of PLS, 349, India Retail
(2022) (FAFI), application for fun (AFF), secondary source's Technology in
influence (SSI) status, fear of technology advances (FOTA), Households (MATH)
PEOU, declining cost (DC), cost intention to use
KUMAR ET AL. 2577

Author(s) Method and no Application of

and year Factors Model/theory of respondent IoT (sector)
Al-Husamiyah Perceived convenience, PEOU, perceived usefulness, TAM 750, SEM, Smart Homes
and Al- perceived behavioral control, perceived privacy risk, Jordan
Bashayreh perceived connectedness, perceived cost, perceived
(2021) compatibility attitude behavioral intention to use
Rey et al. (2021) Perceived costs, perceived benefits, absorptive capacity, No model used Questionnaire, Industry
innovation capacity, firm size, IoT adoption OLS
regression, 79,
Italy
Sun et al. (2021) Personal innovation, social influence, perceived risk, effort UTAUT AMOS, 264, Agriculture
expectancy, performance expectancy, personal innovation, China
adoption intention
Shimizu et al. Justice, trust, benefit, necessity, risk, social acceptance TAM SEM, 568, Japan Smart City
(2021)
Kim and Wang Reliability, accessibility, system quality, information quality, DeLone, TAM AMOS, 262 Retail
(2021) motivation, currency, accuracy, technology discomfort, South Korea
knowledge, PEOU, perceived usefulness, intention to
(continue to) use
Chang and Nam Convenience, safety, energy, healthcare, intention to use, No model used SPSS, 400, Smart Home
(2021) gender, age, income. education, residential type, experience Republic of
Korea
Papagiannidis Service quality, sustainability, perceived usefulness, perceived TCV CFA, 430, UK Smart Home
and external control, playfulness, price, functional value,
Davlembayeva emotional value, intentions to stay in smart accommodation,
(2021) PEOU, control over experience, entertainment experience,
surveillance, aesthetics
Tobarra et al. Social influence, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, user UTAUT/TAM Python 3 and Education
(2021) attitude, and intention of use, performance expectancy SPSS, 129,
Spain
Park and Jeong PEOU, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, perceived TAM 909 Korea Retail
(2021) enjoyment, intention to use
Chohan et al. Affinity, digital society, citizens empowerment value, public UTAUT PLS-SEM, 381, Smart City
(2021) trust value, social influence value, information privacy, Pakistan
public value, continuous usage intention
Hasan et al. Attitude, relative advantage, compatibility, risk perception, DeLone, DOI and TPB PLS SEM with Healthcare
(2021) subjective norm, value co-creation, innovativeness, behavioral IPMA, 300
intention Bangladesh
George et al. Intent, fear, attitude, privacy concerns, subjective norms TRA AMOS, SPSS, Smart Home
(2021) 229, US
Neupane et al. Self-efficacy in information security, perceived privacy, TOE SEM, 225, Smart City
(2021) government policy, perceived information security, Australia
functionality and reliability, perceived usefulness,
information security culture, Trust in smart city technologies,
adoption intention
Ben Arfi et al. Perceived risk, facilitating conditions, social influence, effort UTAUT PLS SEM, 181, Healthcare
(2021) expectancy, performance expectancy, financial cost- France
behavioral intention
Pal, PEOU, perceived usefulness, attitude, intention to use, TAM extended PLS, 315, Smart Home
Arpnikanondt, compatibility, perceived complementarity, privacy concerns Thailand
et al. (2021)
Hossain et al. Perceived value, health interest, attitude toward a wearable TAM PLS SEM, 97 Healthcare
(2021) device, trustworthiness, personal innovativeness, self- Germany and
efficacy, interpersonal influence, intention to use Sweden
Mamonov and Negative effects on others, privacy concerns, security No model used EFA, 558, USA Smart Home
Benbunan-Fich concerns, malfunction concerns, perceived relative
(2021) advantage, perceived usefulness, adoption intention

(Continues)
2578 KUMAR ET AL.

Author(s) Method and no Application of

and year Factors Model/theory of respondent IoT (sector)
Shank et al. Overall benefit, ease-of-use, data sensitivity, experience, social No model used 641, USA Smart Home
(2021) knowledge, certainty, positive feelings, innovativeness,
money, safety, time, fun, easy, control, advanced, modern
Ronaghi and Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, UTAUT SPSS, 392, Iran Agriculture
Forouharfar facilitating condition, individual factors, behavioral intention,
(2020) use behavior
Alkawsi et al. Facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, effort UTAUT PLS SEM, 318, Retail
(2020) expectancy, social influence, habit, behavioral intention, use Malaysia
behavior
Pal et al. (2020) Perceived fee, perceived technicality, enjoyment, effort TAM, UTAUT, TPB PLS SEM, 436 Retail
expectancy, performance expectancy, perceived behavioral
control, subjective norm/social influence, PEOU, perceived
usefulness, attitude, perceived value, behavioral intention
Marikyan et al. Regret, guilt, anger, attitude change, consonant information No model used CFA, 387 Smart Home
(2020) search, behavior change, perceived wellbeing, satisfaction,
disconfirmation, cognitive dissonance
Tsourela and Attitude, trust, social influence, cognitive instruments, TAM+ Amos SEM 16, Retail
Nerantzaki behavioral intention, cyber resilience, PEOU, user character, 812 Greece
(2020) facilitated appropriation, perceived usefulness
Alsuwaidan and Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, personal TAM+ SPSS-SEM, 85, Industry
Almegren competency, transaction intention, social network Saudi Arabia
(2020) reputation, data integrity data validity, data governance data
privacy, transaction risk, technology risk, attitude, data,
social, security, behavior, adoption
Alhasan et al. Compatibility, trialability, self-efficacy, privacy, image and TAM, IDT Amos-SEM, 124, Healthcare
(2020) cost-ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude-behavioral Iraq
intention to use
Almugari et al. Convenience, social influence habits, privacy & safety, No model used AMOS and Retail
(2020) awareness, cost, adoption SPSS, 467,
India
Nuseir et al. Entrepreneurial competency, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, No model used PLS, 500, Saudi Education
(2020) entrepreneurial education on artificial intelligence, Arabia
entrepreneurial intention
Chohan and Hu Public engagement, service transparency, service TAM, Dlone PLS SEM, 290, Smart City
(2020) collaboration, trust in government, decision transparency, Pakistan
service quality, information quality, system quality, PEOU,
perceived usefulness, use behavior intention, public value
creation
Habib et al. Effort expectancy, self-efficacy, perceived privacy, perceived UTAUT 2, PLS, 1444, USA Smart City
(2020) security, trust in technology, price value, trust in Stakeholders
government, behavior intention Adoption Model
(SSA)
Chen et al. (2020) Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, UTAUT SPSS, 282, Retail
facilitating conditions, behavioral intention, use behavior Taiwan
Ehie and Chilton IT infrastructure, staff collaboration, interoperability, it DOI PLA SEM, 239, Industry
(2020) governance, it/ot convergence, IoT adoption USA
Hou et al. (2020) Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, UTAUT 420, USA Smart City
perceived cost, prior use of city apps, trust in government,
intention to use, age, gender, education, income
Aggarwal et al. Purchase intent, riskiness, coolness, risk knowledge No model used Effects logistic Retail
(2020) regression,
173, USA
Chuang et al. Feelings of self-efficacy regarding computers, organizational TAM SPSS, 241, Agriculture
(2020) support, product price, average annual turnover, perceived Taiwan
convenience, scale of agricultural land, sense of trust, self-
efficacy regarding computers, PEOU, perceived usefulness,
organizational support
KUMAR ET AL. 2579

Author(s) Method and no Application of

and year Factors Model/theory of respondent IoT (sector)
Baudier et al. Sustainability, social influence, safety/security, personal UTAUT2 PLS SEM, 311, Smart Home,
(2020) innovativeness, performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, France Education
health, habit, effort expectancy, comfort/convenience
Aldossari and Performance expectancy, social influence, effort expectancy, UTAUT2 PLS-SEM, 343, Smart Homes
Sidorova security risk, privacy risk, hedonic motivation, attitude US
(2020) toward IoT, behavioral intention, trust, price value,
facilitating conditions
Hubert et al. Compatibility, triability, result demonstrability, PEOU, perceived TAN, IDT SEM, 409, USA Smart Home
(2019) usefulness, behavioral intention, visibility, risk time,
perceived risk performance, perceived risk security,
perceived risk overall
de Boer et al. Creative skills, social skills, information navigation skills, TAM AMOS, 1356, Smart Homes
(2019) mobile skills, IoT skills, pu, PEOU, attitude, intention to use Netherlands
Yildirim and Ali- Information privacy, ethics, trust, risk perceived usefulness, TAM, TRA PLS SEM and Industry
Eldin (2019) behavioral intention Adaptive
Neuro-Fuzzy
Inference
modelling, 76,
Netherlands
Nikou (2019) Triablability, perceived usefulness, PEOU, observability, TAM, IDT, CPI PLS SEM, 189, Smart Home
intention to use, percieved cost, consumer perceived Finland
innovativeness, compatibility
Kang et al. (2019) Patient safety, work efficiency, medical environment R, 1086, South Healthcare
Korea
Kao et al. (2019) Domain specific knowledge, user innovativeness, network TAM DEMATEL and Healthcare
externality, perceived utility, performance expectancy, PLS-SEM, 41,
perceived usability, adopting intention, usage behavior expert
Schill et al. (2019) Environmental beliefs, purchase intentions, success, age, No model used SEM, 64l, Smart Home
profession, perceived complexity, perceived usefulness, France
happiness, environmental concern
Ji and Chan Personal norm, social norm, perceived behavioral control, TPB and NAM PLS SEM, 1913, Smart Home
(2019) economic performance attitude, technical performance China
attitude, adoption intention
Gu et al. (2019) Service quality, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, habit, No model used Amos SEM, 488, Smart Home
continuance intention China
Das (2019) People, technologies, processes, interoperability, data security, PolySocial Reality SPSS, 402, India Industry
competitive advantage, things (PoSR)
Pal et al. (2019) Mobility, usability, security concerns, trust, social influence, PLS SEM, 688, Retail
privacy concerns, continuance usage Thailand
Shuhaiber and Trust, awareness, enjoyment, perceived risks, adoption TAM extended PLS SEM, 258, Smart Home
Mashal (2019) intention, perceived usefulness, perceived ease, attitude Jordan
Sivathanu (2019) Technology: IIoT expertise, IIoT infrastructure, relative TOE PLS-SEM, 136, Manufacturing
advantage, compatibility, cost, security organization: top India Industry
management support, organizational readiness
environmental: competitive pressure, support from
technology vendors adoption of industrial IoT in ACM
SMEs organization size
Sepasgozar et al. Self-efficacy, work facilitating, compatibility, relative TAM and SCT (social PLS SEM, 315, Smart City
(2019) advantage, perceived usefulness, perceived reliability, cognitive theory) Iran
perceived ease of use, cost reduction, time-saving,
perceived security, low quality of service, energy saving,
behavioral intention.
Shin et al. (2018) Compatibility, privacy, PEOU, perceived usefulness, attitude, TAM extended SEM, 310, Korea Smart Home
intention to use, age, sex, income, education.

(Continues)
2580 KUMAR ET AL.

Author(s) Method and no Application of

and year Factors Model/theory of respondent IoT (sector)
Jayashankar et al. Trust, perceived value and risk, IoT adoption PLS-SEM, 492, Agriculture
(2018) USA
Karahoca et al. Perceived privacy risk, perceived vulnerability, image, cost, TAM, innovation PLS-SEM, 426, Healthcare
(2018) trialability, compatibility, technological innovativeness, diffusion theory online Turkey
perceived advantage, perceived ease of use, perceived (IDT), technological
usefulness, attitude, intention to use innovativeness (TI)
Chatterjee and Overall innovation and creativity, resident engagement, it- No model used SEM, 290, India Smart Cities
Kar (2018) enabled service quality, perceived privacy, perceived
security, user experience, trust level, quality of life personal
creativity and innovativeness, usage patterns, demographics
Yang et al. (2018) Perceived reliability, perceived controllability, perceived No model used PLS-SEM, 216, Smart Homes
interconnectedness, perceived automation, adoption Korea
intention resident type, gender, age and experience
Pal et al. (2018) Universal connectivity, perceived ease of use, security/privacy, TAM extended PLS SEM, 239, Smart Home
enjoyment, perceived usefulness, automation, self-capability, Thailand,
satisfaction, behavioral intention, compatibility, Indonesia, and
affordability, subjective norm, attitude Malaysia
Al-Momani et al. Trust In IT knowledge, cost, privacy, security, peou, perceived TAM, UTAUT SPSS, 176, Industry
(2018) usefulness, behavioral intention, use behavior Jordan
Buyle et al. Optimism, PEOU, perceived, usefulness, use intention, Technology Readiness 205, Belgium Smart City
(2018) innovativeness, discomfort, insecurity and Acceptance
Model (TRAM)
Tu (2018) Perceived trustworthiness of technology, perceived costs, TOE PLS SEM, Industry
perceived benefits external pressure, adoption intention Grounded
theory
method, 130,
Taiwan
Park et al. (2018) Perceived system reliability, enjoyment, perceived cost, TAM extended SEM, CFA, 799, Smart Home
perceived connectedness, PEOU, perceived control, Korea
perceived usefulness, attitude, perceived security, intention
to use, compatibility
Hsu and Lin "Benefits (perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment) and Value-based adoption AMOS SEM, Retail
(2018) sacrifices (perceived privacy risk and perceived costs)" model (VAM). 495, Taiwan
perceived value, intention to use the IoT services
Park et al. (2017) Perceived compatibility, perceived connectedness, perceived TAM extended SEM, 1057, Smart Home
control, perceived enjoyment, PEOU, perceived usefulness, Korea
attitude, perceived cost, intention to use
Hsu and Yeh Security: system security, institution security, data security TOE DEMATEL, 42, Industry
(2017) environment: competitive pressure, supporting industry, Taiwan
government policy organization: organizational readiness,
top management support, expected benefits technology: it
expertise, technology integration, technology infrastructure
Kim et al. (2017) Perceived sacrifices (I.E. privacy risk and fee, technicality, VAM SPSS, 269 Smart Home
innovation resistance) perceived benefits (I.E. usefulness,
enjoyment, facilitating condition) intention to use, attitude,
perceived value
Yang et al. (2017) Perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, trust in service TPB extended PLS, 216, South Smart Home
providers, physical risk, security/privacy risk, Korea
interoperability, mobility, automation, attitude, intention to
use
Hsu and Lin Perceived complementarity; number of IoT services, perceived No model used 508, Taiwan Retail
(2016) critical mass, perceived compatibility, perceived benefits,
collection, unauthorized secondary use; improper access;
errors; attitude; continued intention to use
Kim and Shin Attitude, intention to continue to use, perceived ease of use, TAM extended SEM CFA, 363, Smart Watch
(2015) perceived usefulness, perceived affective quality, relative South Korea
advantage, mobility, availability, sub cultural appeal, cost
KUMAR ET AL. 2581

Author(s) Method and no Application of

and year Factors Model/theory of respondent IoT (sector)
Bao et al. (2014) Perceived usefulness, perceived technology, social influence, TAM extended SEM CFA, 310, Smart Home
PEOU, perceived cost, perceived secure home, mobile china
smart home adoption, security risk, compatibility
Gao and Bai Perceived usefulness, perceived behavioral control, perceived TAM SEM, 368, China Retail
(2013) enjoyment, social influence, trust, perceived ease of use,
behavioral intention to use

Note: Excel sheet of 101 articles was used for the review. (In the factor column, Italic font denotes mediators, bold font denotes dependent factors, and
normal font denotes independent factors used in the articles).

APPENDIX B

JOURNAL-WISE PUBLICATIONS

S.no. Journals Papers Citation H-index

1 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 7 47100 134

2 IEEE Access 5 374522 158
3 Sustainability 5 206838 109
4 Technology in Society 5 6011 58
5 Computers in Human Behavior 3 95306 203
6 Sensors 3 275544 196
7 Energies 3 149108 111
8 Journal of Computer Information Systems 3 3386 66
9 Uncertain Supply Chain Management 3 1140 19
10 Future Internet 3 1664 38
11 PLoS One 2 2321699 367
12 Journal of Business Research 2 68595 217
13 Telematics and Informatics 2 15527 78
14 Information Systems Frontiers 2 8733 73
15 Universal Access in the Information Society 2 3320 46
16 Cogent Business & Management 2 2784 23
17 Journal of Cleaner Production 1 434852 232
18 Ecological Economics 1 44100 220
19 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public 1 174014 138
Health
20 Frontiers in Psychology 1 134338 133
21 IEEE Internet of Things Journal 1 68343 119
22 European Journal of Marketing 1 9683 110
23 Industrial Management and Data Systems 1 11575 109
24 Computers in Industry 1 18396 108
25 Total Quality Management & Business Excellence 1 7289 87
26 Sustainable Cities and Society 1 41788 82
27 Behaviour and Information Technology 1 6757 82
28 The International Journal of Logistics Management 1 4788 80
29 International Journal of Consumer Studies 1 5811 77

(Continues)
2582 KUMAR ET AL.

S.no. Journals Papers Citation H-index

30 International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 1 7193 76

31 Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 1 6870 75
32 Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 1 6952 73
33 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 1 5560 72
34 Information Technology and People 1 3723 64
35 Applied Nursing Research 1 4606 56
36 Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 1 14548 52
37 Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 1 4379 52
38 Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 1 4534 51
39 Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 1 22135 50
40 Frontiers in Environmental Science 1 8581 50
41 Electronics 1 23376 49
42 Interactive Learning Environments 1 6360 49
43 International Journal of Mobile Communications 1 1767 46
44 Aslib Journal of Information Management 1 2496 44
45 Kybernetes 1 4683 43
46 Library Hi Tech 1 2572 41
47 International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 1 1889 40
48 Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information 1 5145 39
Sciences
49 Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 1 1547 36
50 Buildings 1 6377 35
51 Journal of Global Information Technology Management 1 889 33
52 Land 1 7084 32
53 Information Development 1 2140 29
54 Internet of Things 1 2707 27
55 Media and Communication 1 1997 25
56 Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 1 1478 32
57 Information & Computer Security 1 2576 51
58 International Journal of Pervasive Computing and 1 791 17
Communications
59 Information Resources Management Journal 1 505 43
60 Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 1 1232 20
61 Hindawi-Journal of Sensors 1 9831 48
62 Smart health 1 573 13
63 Internet Research 1 8063 94
64 Frontier in Psychology 1 134338 133

Note. To reflect the performance of the specific journal and its influence during the specified period, the total citations incorporate citations from all of the
publication's articles. The top 10 journals with the most citations are indicated in blue cells.