Common Derivatives and Integrals

Derivatives
Basic Properties/Formulas/Rules
d  d 
cf (x) = cf 0 (x), c is any constant. f (x) ± g(x) = f 0 (x) ± g 0 (x)
dx dx
d  n d 
x = nxn−1 , n is any number. c = 0, c is any constant.
dx dx
 0
d  g(x) 
f (x) g(x) = f 0 (x) g(x) + f (x) g 0 (x) – Product Rule e = g 0 (x)eg(x)
dx
f (x) 0 f 0 (x) g(x) − f (x) g 0 (x) g 0 (x)
   
d
= 2 – Quotient Rule ln(g(x)) =
g(x) dx g(x)

g(x)
  
d  
f g(x) = f 0 g(x) g 0 (x) – Chain Rule
dx

Common Derivatives
Polynomials
d  d d  d  n d  n
c =0 (x) = 1 cx = c x = nxn−1 cx = ncxn−1
dx dx dx dx dx

Trig Functions
dh i dh i dh i
sin(x) = cos(x) cos(x) = − sin(x) tan(x) = sec2 (x)
dx dx dx
dh i dh i dh i
csc(x) = − csc(x) cot(x) sec(x) = sec(x) tan(x) cot(x) = − csc2 (x)
dx dx dx

Inverse Trig Functions

d h −1 i 1 dh i 1 dh i 1
sin (x) = √ cos−1 (x) = − √ tan−1 (x) =
dx 1 − x2 dx 1 − x2 dx 1 + x2
d h i 1 d h i 1 dh i 1
csc−1 (x) = − √ sec−1 (x) = √ cot−1 (x) = −
dx |x| 1 − x2 dx |x| 1 − x2 dx 1 + x2

Exponential & Logarithm Functions

d h xi d h xi
a = ax ln(a) e = ex
dx dx
dh i 1 dh i 1 dh i 1
ln(x) = , x > 0 ln |x| = , x 6= 0 loga (x) = , x>0
dx x dx x dx x ln(a)

Hyperbolic Functions
dh i dh i dh i
sinh(x) = cosh(x) cosh(x) = sinh(x) tanh(x) = sech2 (x)
dx dx dx
dh i dh i dh i
csch(x) = − csch(x) coth(x) sech(x) = − sech(x) tanh(x) coth(x) = − csch2 (x)
dx dx dx

© Paul Dawkins - https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

 Common Derivatives and Integrals

Integrals
Basic Properties/Formulas/Rules
Z Z Z Z Z
cf (x) dx = c f (x) dx, c is a constant. f (x) ± g(x) dx = f (x)dx ± g(x) dx
Z b b Z
f (x) dx = f (x) = F (b) − F (a) where f (x) = f (x) dx
a a
Z b Z b Z b Z b Z b
cf (x) dx = c f (x) dx, c is a constant. f (x) ± g(x) dx = f (x) dx ± g(x) dx
a a a a a
Z a Z b Z a
f (x) dx = 0 f (x) dx = − f (x) dx
a a b
Z b Z c Z b Z b
f (x) dx = f (x) dx + f (x) dx c dx = c(b − a), c is a constant.
a a c a
Z b
If f (x) ≥ 0 on a ≤ x ≤ b then f (x) dx ≥ 0
a
Z b Z b
If f (x) ≥ g(x) on a ≤ x ≤ b then f (x) dx ≥ g(x) dx
a a

Common Integrals
Polynomials
Z Z Z
1
dx = x + c k dx = kx + c xn dx = xn+1 + c, n 6= −1
n+1
Z Z Z
1 −1 1
dx = ln |x| + c x dx = ln |x| + c x−n dx = x−n+1 + c, n 6= 1
x −n + 1
Z Z
1 1 p 1 p
+1 q p+q
dx = ln |ax + b| + c x q dx = p xq + c = x q +c
ax + b a q +1 p+q

Trig Functions
Z Z Z
cos(u) du = sin(u) + c sin(u) du = − cos(u) + c sec2 u du = tan(u) + c
Z Z Z
sec(u) tan(u) du = sec(u) + c csc(u) cot(u) du = − csc(u) + c csc2 u du = − cot(u) + c
Z Z
tan(u) du = − ln cos(u) +c = ln sec(u) +c cot(u) du = ln sin(u) +c = − ln csc(u) +c
Z Z  
3 1
sec(u) du = ln sec(u)+tan(u) +c sec (u) du = sec(u) tan(u)+ln sec(u)+tan(u) +c
2
Z Z  
3 1
csc(u) du = ln csc(u)−cot(u) +c csc (u) du = −csc(u) cot(u)+ln csc(u)−cot(u) +c
2

© Paul Dawkins - https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

 Common Derivatives and Integrals

Exponential & Logarithm Functions

au
Z Z Z
u u
e du = e + c au du = +c ln(u) du = u ln(u) − u + c
ln(a)
eau
Z   Z
au
e sin(bu) du = 2 a sin(bu) − b cos(bu) + c ueu du = (u − 1)eu + c
a + b2
eau
Z   Z
au 1
e cos(bu) du = 2 a cos(bu) + b sin(bu) + c du = ln ln(u) + c
a + b2 u ln(u)

Inverse Trig Functions

Z Z
1 u p
√ du = sin−1 +c sin−1 (u) du = u sin−1 (u) + 1 − u2 + c
a2 − u2 a
Z Z
1 1 −1 u
  1
tan−1 (u) du = u tan−1 (u) −ln 1 + u2 + c


du = tan +c
a2 + u2 a a 2
Z Z
1 1 u p
√ du = sec−1 +c cos−1 (u) du = u cos−1 (u) − 1 − u2 + c
u u2 − a2 a a

Hyperbolic Functions
Z Z Z
sinh(u)du = cosh(u) + c sech(u) tanh(u)du = − sech(u) + c sech2 (u)du = tanh(u) + c
Z Z Z
cosh(u)du = sinh(u) + c csch(u) coth(u)du = − csch(u) + c csch2 (u)du = − coth(u) + c
Z Z
sech(u)du = tan−1 sinh(u) + c


tanh(u)du = ln cosh(u) + c

Miscellaneous
a2
Z Z p
1 1 u+a 2 + u2 du =
up 2 p
du = ln + c a a + u2 + ln u + a2 + u2 + c
a2 − u2 2a u−a 2 2
u−a a2
Z Z p
1 1 2 − a2 du =
up 2 p
du = ln + c u u − a2 − ln u + u2 − a2 + c
u2 − a2 2a u+a 2 2
a2
Z p
up 2 u
a2 − u2 du = a − u2 + sin−1 +c
2 2 a
a2
 
u − ap a−u
Z p
2au − u2 du = 2au − u2 + cos−1 +c
2 2 a

Standard Integration Techniques

Z b
0
Z b

0
Z g(b)
u Substitution : f g(x) g (x) dx will convert the integral into f g(x) g (x) dx = f (u) du
a a g(a)
using the substitution u = g(x) where du = g 0 (x)dx. For indefinite integrals drop the limits of
integration.

© Paul Dawkins - https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

 Trigonometric Identities
Six Trigonometric Functions
Right triangle definitions, where 0 < 𝜃𝜃 < 𝜋𝜋/2
opp hyp
sin 𝜃𝜃 = csc 𝜃𝜃 =
hyp opp
adj hyp
cos 𝜃𝜃 = sec 𝜃𝜃 =
hyp adj
opp adj
tan 𝜃𝜃 = cot 𝜃𝜃 =
adj opp
Circular function definitions, where 𝜃𝜃 is any angle.

𝑟𝑟 = �𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2

𝑦𝑦 𝑟𝑟
sin 𝜃𝜃 = csc 𝜃𝜃 =
𝑟𝑟 𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 𝑟𝑟
cos 𝜃𝜃 = sec 𝜃𝜃 =
𝑟𝑟 𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥
tan 𝜃𝜃 = cot 𝜃𝜃 =
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦

Negative Angle Identities Reciprocal Identities

sin(−𝜃𝜃) = − sin 𝜃𝜃 cos(−𝜃𝜃) = cos 𝜃𝜃 tan(−𝜃𝜃) = − tan 𝜃𝜃 1 1 1
sin 𝜃𝜃 = cos 𝜃𝜃 = tan 𝜃𝜃 =
csc 𝜃𝜃 sec 𝜃𝜃 cot 𝜃𝜃
1 1 1
csc(−𝜃𝜃) = − csc 𝜃𝜃 sec(−𝜃𝜃) = sec 𝜃𝜃 cot(−𝜃𝜃) = − cot 𝜃𝜃 csc 𝜃𝜃 = sec 𝜃𝜃 = cot 𝜃𝜃 =
sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 tan 𝜃𝜃
Tangent and Cotangent Identities Double Angle Identities
sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 2𝜃𝜃 = 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃
tan 𝜃𝜃 = cot 𝜃𝜃 =
cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃
cos 2𝜃𝜃 = cos2 𝜃𝜃 − sin2 𝜃𝜃 = 2 cos2 𝜃𝜃 − 1 = 1 − 2 sin2 𝜃𝜃
Pythagorean Identities
sin2 𝜃𝜃 + cos2 𝜃𝜃 = 1 tan2 𝜃𝜃 + 1 = sec 2 𝜃𝜃 2 tan 𝜃𝜃
tan 2𝜃𝜃 =
1 − tan2 𝜃𝜃
cot 2 𝜃𝜃 + 1 = csc 2 𝜃𝜃
Cofunction Identities Half Angle Identities
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
sin � − 𝜃𝜃� = cos 𝜃𝜃 cos � − 𝜃𝜃� = sin 𝜃𝜃 𝜃𝜃 1 − cos 𝜃𝜃 𝜃𝜃 1 + cos 𝜃𝜃
2 2 sin = ±� cos = ±�
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 2 2 2 2
csc � − 𝜃𝜃� = sec 𝜃𝜃 tan � − 𝜃𝜃� = cot 𝜃𝜃
2 2
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 𝜃𝜃 1 − cos 𝜃𝜃
sec � − 𝜃𝜃� = csc 𝜃𝜃 cot � − 𝜃𝜃� = tan 𝜃𝜃 tan = ±�
2 2 2 1 + cos 𝜃𝜃

Sum and Difference Formulas Addition and Subtraction Formulas

𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵 sin(𝐴𝐴 ± 𝐵𝐵) = sin 𝐴𝐴 cos 𝐵𝐵 ± cos 𝐴𝐴 sin 𝐵𝐵
sin 𝐴𝐴 + sin 𝐵𝐵 = 2 sin � � cos � �
2 2
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵 cos(𝐴𝐴 ± 𝐵𝐵) = cos 𝐴𝐴 cos 𝐵𝐵 ∓ sin 𝐴𝐴 sin 𝐵𝐵
sin 𝐴𝐴 − sin 𝐵𝐵 = 2 cos � � sin � �
2 2 tan 𝐴𝐴 ± tan 𝐵𝐵
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵 tan(𝐴𝐴 ± 𝐵𝐵) =
cos 𝐴𝐴 + cos 𝐵𝐵 = 2 cos � � cos � � 1 ∓ tan 𝐴𝐴 tan 𝐵𝐵
2 2
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵 Product Formulas
cos 𝐴𝐴 − cos 𝐵𝐵 = −2 sin � � sin � �
2 2 1
sin 𝐴𝐴 sin 𝐵𝐵 = [cos(𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵) − cos(𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵)]
2
1
cos 𝐴𝐴 cos 𝐵𝐵 = [cos(𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵) + cos(𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵)]
2
1
sin 𝐴𝐴 cos 𝐵𝐵 = [sin(𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵) + sin(𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵)]
2
1
cos 𝐴𝐴 sin 𝐵𝐵 = [sin(𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵) − sin(𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵)]
2

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