volker-craig

ANABU COMPANY

VOLKER-CRAIG

USER'S MANUAL

VC4404 THE CHAT

VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINAL

 VOLKER-CRAIG

USER'S MANUAL

VC4404 THE CHAT

VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINAL

Product: P/N:70-400-01~78-8 (Black/White CRT)

P/N:70-400-01085-4 (Green CRT)
P/N:70-400-01086-7 (Amber CRT)

Firmware: Rev. L

Manual: P/N:93-000-00000-S (Docs.[11,10]4&3)

REV.3: 22 March 82.

This manual applies to units starting with Serial No. 24060-001.

 VC4404 USER'S MANUAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 2
1.1 General Features 2
1.2 Options 2

2. SPECIFICATIONS 3

3. INSTALLATION 4
3.1 Initial Inspection 4
3.2 Claims for Transit Damage 4
3.3 Installation 5
3.4 Turn-on Procedure 5

4. SALES-SERVICE SUPPORT
4.1 Warranty
4.2 Service Requests
4.3 Service Facilities

5. COMMUNICATIONS 7
5.1 Hal f Duplex 7
5.2 Full Duplex 7
5.3 The Cur so r 7
5.4 Reception Errors 8
5.5 RS232-C Interface 8
5.6 Peripheral Port Interface 9
5.7 RS232 Signal Definition 9
5.8 Port Control Lines 10
5.9 Ma in Port 11
5.HJ Per ipheral Port 12

6. KEYBOARD 14
6.1 Keyboard Layout 14
6.2 Autorepeat 14
6.3 Keyboard Mode Switches 14
6.4 Program Function (PF) Keys 14
6.5 Break Key 14

7. CONTROL FUNCTIONS 15
7.1 Escape Sequences and Control Codes 15
7.2 Cursor Controls 15
7.3 Cursor Positioning 16

8. GENERAL FEATURES 18
8.1 Dip Switches 18
8.2 Jumper Straps 18
8.3 Stop Bits 18
8.4 50/60 Hz 18
8.5 Composite Video Output 18
8.6 Power Switch/Brightness Control 18
8.7 Reverse Video 18
8.8 Autowrap 18
8.9 Transparent Mode 19
8.10 High1 ighting 19

TABLES 20

Page 1
 VC4404 USER'S MANUAL

1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION

This high-performance, teletype-compatible display terminal is an

input-output device which transmits and receives information from
a central processor or computer time-share system. This interac-
tive terminal is designed to meet requirements in the telecommun-
ications, data processing, and computer industries. Applications
include time-sharing, information display systems, credit/banking
systems, and mini-computer/micro-computer systems. It is
compatible with both the Volker-Craig VC404 and the Lear-Siegler
ADM3A terminal.

Data communication is possible using a modem and acoustic coupler

or a direct computer-to-terminal connection via the EIA, RS232C
(CCITT V.24) compatible interface connector at data rates up to
192~0 baud. A 20 milliamp current loop cable interface is an
optional accessory. An auxiliary Bi-directional R5232C port
(e.g. for a printer) is standard.

The basic terminal includes an upper/lower case typewriter style

detached keyboard with control keys, communications electronics,
and a 12" non-glare video display screen for a 24 line, 80
characters per line format. Data entry occurs in either a bottom
line mode with single line scroll up or a page mode. Coloured
display screens, (Green or Amber) and National Character Sets are
optionally available.

1.1 GENERAL FEATURES

• Detached, typewriter-style keyboard

• Volker-Craig VC404 functional compatibility
• Lear-Siegler ADM-3A functional compatibility
• 10 Function keys, l4-key numeric pad,S cursor keys
• Typamatic keyboard - 15 cps repeat
• Standard 128 ASCII Character set
• Non-Glare l2-inch Display
• 1920 Characters, 24 lines X 80 columns
• Independent Receive and Transmit Rates
• 15 Transmission rates from 50 to 19200 Baud
• Standard RS232C (CCITT V.24) interface
• 50/60 Hz. refresh automatic line lock
• Bi-directional Serial Peripheral Port
• Local COpy feature
• Normal or Reverse Video
• Transparent (Monitor) Mode
• Bottom or Top line data entry
• Absolute and Relative Cursor addressing
• Clear-end-of-Line and Clear-end-of-Screen functions
• Character Highlighting by reduced intensity
• Self-Test

1.2 OPTIONS
• Green or Amber Display Screen (CDS-G or CDS-A)
• National keyboards and Character Sets (NCS)
• Current Loop Cable (CI04-2M)
• Serial Data Cable (CE0l-2M)

Page 2
 VC44~4 USER'S MANUAL

2. SPECIFICATIONS

VC4404 Specifications
Terminal Type TTY Compatible Microprocessor based.
Configuration VC4404 115\/.,50/60 Hz.
VC4404/EXP Export version 230\/. 50/60 Hz.
Communication Code ASCII
Type Serial asynchronous.
Speed 15 baud rates: 50, 75,110,134.5, 150,200,300,600,
1200, 1800,2400,3600,4800,9600, 19,200,
externally switch selectable; transmit and receive
speeds illdependently selectable.
Method Character by character (conversational).
Mode Full or half duplex.
Parity Odd/Even/Mark/Space, externally switch selectable.
Interface EIA RS232C, CCITT-\/.24 (20 mA current loop
accessory available)
Screen Display Unit 30 em (12 inch) non-glare CRT (black/white standard).
Presentation Light or dark background internally selectable.
Display Format 24 lines x 80 characters, 1920 characters.
Character Size 2mmx4mm.
Character Generation ROM/PROM
Refresh Rate 50 Hz., 60 Hz., automatically selected,
Refresh Memory Static RAM.
Highlighting Reduced intensity or normal (per character basis).
Character Set 128 ASCII characters, upper/lower case plus 32 control code symbols.
Keyboard Functions Type Detached, microprocessor based typewriter style layout. Connected
with coiled cable (extends to 4 feet).
Keyboard 94 keys, 26 letter alphabet, upper/lower case, numeric 0 through 9,
punctuation, caps lock. All keys auto repeating (15 characters/second).
Numeric Keypad 14 keys, 0 through 9, Comma, Period, Minus, ENTER (double size).
Cursor Control Up, Down, left, Right, Home.
Functional Command Keys Escape, Delete (Rubout), Break, Control, Line Feed, Back Space,
Return, Tab, Shift, Clear Screen.
Program Function Keys 10 Program Function Keys PF1 to PF10.
Data Entry Roll Mode: Bottom line with single line roll-up.
Page Mode: Page overwrite.
Auto wrap at BOth character position, enable/disable internally selectable.
Peripheral Port Bi-clirectional serial peripheral interface On/Off selectable by PRI NT key or from host. COpy key dumps
contents of screen to the port for printing or storage on a peripheral device.
Terminal Functions Cursor Non-destructive, blinking or steady, block or underline.
Cursor Control Functions left, Right. Up, Down, Home, Clear Screen and Home,
Backspace, Line Feed, Direct X-Y cursor addressing
using cursor control command, EOl (Clear to End of
Line), EOS (Clear to End of Screen), codes are
ADM-3A* or VC404 compatible (switch selectable).
Mode lear Siegler ADM-3A* or Volker-Craig VC404
compatible (externally switch selectable).
Audible Alarm On receipt of Control G (BEL code) from host or keyboard.
Operator Controls Front Panel Power Off/On, Display Brightness.
Rear Panel Transmit and Receive Baud Rates, Parity, Transparent
Mode, ADM-3A*/404 Compatibility Selection, Screen
Fill, Auxiliary Port Speed Select 300 Baud/Host Port
Speed, Cursor Display Select Block/Underline-Steady/Blinking.
Keyboard local/Remote, Half/Full Duplex, Roll/Page, Print. Copy.
Internal Background light/dark, auto wrap, enable/disable, 115V/230V select.
Power 115V±10VAC, 50/60 Hz., 50VA normal. Operating power, 230V±20VAC internally selectable, line filtered.
Overload Protection Terminal Primary and secondary circuits independently fused.
Environmental 10 DEG C to 40 DEG C 8% to 80% relative humidity (no condensation allowed).
(Operating) Maximum wet bulb 28 DEG C.
Physical Display Unit 42.0cm(16.54")Wx37.5cm(14.76")Dx 34cm(13.39")H, 12.9kg(28Ibs. 70z.)
Keyboard (KB4404) 51.5 em (20.28") W x 22.5 cm ( 8.86") D x 8.5 em ( 3.35") H, 3.2 kg ( 7lbs. 1 oz.)
Documentation VC4404 User Manual VC4404 Service Manual (optional)

Options Interface Cables

Option NCS: National Keyboards and Character Sets, (Swedish, German, CE01-2M: RS232C (CCITT-\/.24) terminal to data set
French, Norwegian, Danish, Finnish, United Kingdom) cable.
Option CDS: Colored Anti-Glare Display Screen CI04-2M: 20 mA current loop adaptor cable.
(specify: Amber or Green)
Specifications subject to revision without notice.

volker-craig 'Registered Trademark of Lear Siegler Inc.

SEPTEMBER 1981
 VC4404 USER'S MANUAL
3. INSTALLATION
3.1 INITIAL INSPECTION
Inspect the terminal for physical damage. Check the
switches, connectors, and video screen. The original
shipping carton should be kept for possible future
shipping of the terminal.
3.2 CLAIMS FOR TRANSIT DAMAGE
If physical damage is evident or if the instrument does
not perform correctly when received, notify the nearest
Volker-Craig Sales/Service office. Arrangements will
be made for repair or replacement of the terminal.
VISIBLE DAMAGE
1. Accept the merchandise and sign the receipt,
noting any damages thereon.
2. Keep all packing materials.
3. Notify Volker-Craig shipping department of the
damage, waybill number, and all other pertinent
in form at ion.
4. Call the carrier and request an immediate
inspection.
5. Obtain a Return Authorization from the Company.
6. Return the merchandise via the same carrier to
Volker-Craig. INCLUDE A COPY OF THE CARRIER'S
INSPECTION REPORT WITH THE SHIPMENT.
HIDDEN DAMAGE
1. CALL THE CARRIER AND REQUEST AN IMMEDIATE
INSPECTION.
2. Notify Volker-Craig shipping department.
3. Keep all packing materials.
4. Obtain a Return Authorization from the Company.
5. Return the merchandise via the same carrier.
INCLUDE A COpy OF THE CARRIER'S INSPECTION REPORT
WITH THE SHIPMENT.

Page 4
 VC4404 USER'S MANUAL

3.3 INSTALLATION
The Volker-Craig Terminal can be installed in a number
of configurations and locations. Its portability lends
itself to being moved easily from one location to
another as user requirements change. For use with a
telephone, a modem may be used.
All cable connections are made at the rear panel of the
terminal. These are:
1. Power cable from terminal to AC outlet. AC power
can be in one of the following ranges depending on
how the terminal is internally wired:
100 VAC + 10%
120 VAC + 10%
200 VAC + 10%
240 VAC + 10%

2. One of the following interfaces is required:

A. An RS232C (CCITT V.24) 25-pin connector
and cable from central computer,
multiplexer, or external modem, to
the rear panel connector marked SERIAL
DATA.
B. If a 20 mA, current loop interface is
required, connection is made to the same
connector using a special interface cabl~
(P/N CI04-2M) •
3. An aUXiliary serial device (e.g. Printer) may be
connected to the SERIAL PERIPHERAL port.
3.4 TURN-ON PROCEDURE
Become familiar with all controls, switches, and
indicators on the terminal before attempting to sign on
to any computer system. The following procedure should
be followed when signing on:
1. Turn the BRIGHTNESS control knob clockwise to turn
the power ON.
2. Place LOCAL switch on keyboard to LOCAL.
3. Type a few characters on the screen.
4. Adjust BRIGHTNESS control knob to display bright,
crisp characters.
5. Set the PARITY ODD/EVEN/NO switches to required
position.
6. Select the BAUD RATE to be used.
7. Set the LOCAL keyswitch to the Up position and the
FULL Duplex (Up for HALF, down for FULL) keyswitch
to the required position and begin sign-on procedure

Page 5
 VC44~4 USER'S MANUAL

4. SALES-SERVICE SUPPORT
4.1 WARRANTY
Volker-Craig warrants all products against defects in
materials and workmanship in accordance with the
Company's standard warranty period. The warranty is
limited to the servicing and adjustment of any product
returned to Volker-Craig for that purpose. Included is
the replacement or repair of any product or any part
thereof. Transportation charges must be prepaid by the
purchaser.
This warranty shall not apply to any product or part
thereof that is defective or unworkable due to abuse,
mishandling, accident, alteration, negligence, or
improper installation. Volker-Craig reserves the right
to service equipment at the customer's site. No other
warranty is expressed or implied and Volker-Craig is
not liable for consequential damages.
4.2 SERVICE REQUESTS
Volker-Craig is concerned with "after sales" service
support. To ensure fast and efficient service we
suggest the following procedure when calling
Volker-Craig or any authorized sales/service office.
1. Give the Volker-Craig model number and serial number
of the defective instrument (an Instrument History
file and Unit Control Record is kept on each
instrument) •
2. Supply the exact physical location of the equipment,
i.e., building, department, room number, and/or
person to contact for further information.
3. Describe to the best of your ability the nature of
the trouble so that we may form a "mental picture"
of the problem. (Many service problems are solved
over the telephone).
4. The necessary action to solve the outstanding
problem will be taken by Volker-Craig personnel as
quickly as possible.
4.3 SERVICE FACILITIES
Service facilities are maintained by Volker-Craig and
its authorized service organizations worldwide. Please
contact your sales office for details.

Page 6
 VC4404 USER'S MANUAL

5. COMMUNICATIONS

5.1 HALF DUPLEX

In this mode, the VC4404 can send and receive

information to and from the computer. As each
character is typed, it is transmitted to the computer
and simultaneously displayed on the screen.

The phrase "half duplex" refers to two features. The

feature usually implemented on terminals and termed
half duplex should more properly be called local echo.
This implies that all characters transmitted by the
terminal are treated as if they were also received.
This eliminates the need for the computer or modem to
echo transmitted data to the terminal in order to
display it. When half duplex operation is selected,
the terminal performs local echo.

The other feature commonly termed half duplex is used

when the communication system is capable of
transmission in only one direction at a time (e.g.,
with a 202-type modem). The terminal uses the RTS wire
on the EIA RS-232-C interface to control the data set,
directing it to perform transmission from or
transmission to the terminal, as required. When half
duplex operation is selected, the terminal performs
this data set control function in addition to local
echo.

5.2 FULL DUPLEX

Full duplex operation is usually selected when the

communication system supports two-way, simultaneous
transmission. Data entered at the keyboard is
immediately transmitted and has no effect upon the
display. In most systems, this data is then echoed by
the computer or by the modem, received by the terminal,
and displayed or acted upon.

5.3 THE CURSOR

The cursor is normally a blinking block which appears

on the display in the position at which the next
received character will be displayed. It may also be
displayed as a blinking underscore. In both cases,
blinking may be disabled so that the cursor is steady.
When a displayable character is received it is placed
on the display at the cursor position, and the cursor
is advanced to the next position. (cf.Table 2).

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 VC4484 USER'S MANUAL

5.4 RECEPTION ERRORS

As the terminal receives data, it examines the data for

correct parity and for the presence of a stop bit (two
stop bits if selected). With odd parity selected, the
sum of all "one" bits of each character including its
parity bit, must be odd. With even parity, the sum
must be even. (With always-one or always-zero parity
selected, no check is made on the parity of received
data.) (cf.Table 4)
When a parity error or framing error (no stop bit) is
detected in a received characher, the character is
replaced with a "?" character, which is entered on the
display at the cursor position.

5.5 EIA RS232-C INTERFACE

The communications interface conforms to the

EIA RS232C (CCITT V.24) standards.

Connector Signals (25-PIN female D-Connector)

Pin Number Signal Oeser i ption

---------- ------------------
1 AA Chassis Ground

2 BA Output (Transit Data) OUTPUT

3 BB Input (Receive Da tal INPUT

4 CA Request to send - RTS OUTPUT

5 CB Clear to send - CTS INPUT

7 AB Signal Ground

8 CF Data Carrier Detect - DCD INPUT

11 Supervisory Transm it - SUPTX OUTPUT

14 +12V DC 100 MA MAX OUTPUT

18 -12V DC 108 MA MAX OUTPUT

213 Data Term ina! Ready - DTR OUTPUT

Page 8
 VC44~4 USER'S MANUAL

5.6 PERIPHERAL PORT INTERFACE

The following table defines the peripheral

port interface signals. (25 Pin female
D-type connector). This part looks like a modem
port to the peripheral.
PIN NUMBER DESCRIPTION
---------- -----------
PIN 1 CHASSIS GROUND
PIN 2 INPUT DATA (i.e., from the
per i phera 1)
PIN 3 OUTPUT DATA (i.e., to the
peripheral)
PIN 5 ON level (CI ear to Send) (Note 1)
PIN 6 ON level (DataSet Ready) (Note 1)
PIN 7 GROUND
PIN 8 ON level(Carrier Detect) (Note 1)

PIN 11 Printer Busy (Supervisory TX) (Note

2)
PIN 20 Printer Ready (Data Terminal Ready)
NOTE 1: Pins 5, 6 and 8 are tied "high".
NOTE 2: Control signal from printer on Pin 11
is propagated to Pin 11 on the main
I/O connector if the SERIAL PERIPHERAL
port is on. If not used, signal will
defaul t to OFF.

5.7 RS232 SIGNAL DEFINITION

Marking condition (OFF) is indicated by a negative
voltage from -3V to-25V. A Spacing condition (ON)
is indicated by a positive voltage from +3V to
+25V.
The least significant bit (LSB) is received
first during serial transmission.

Page 9
 VC44~4 USER'S MANUAL

5.8 PORT CONTROL LINES

These lines control transmission to/from the ports as

described herein.

Request to Send (RTS - Pin 4) OUTPUT

RTS is always asserted in Full Duple~ mode. In Half-Duple~,

it is asserted when transmission is in progress. A
transmission begins when any character is sent and terminates
when a terminator character is sent. This may be any of CR,
EOT, or ETX. LOCAL mode overrides other modes and RTS is
deasserted in this case.

Data Terminal Ready (DTR - Pin 20) OUTPUT

DTR is always deasserted in LOCAL mode. DTR is deasserted

when the input buffer fills completely (any characters sent
to the terminal when DTR is deasserted will be lost). It is
asserted whenever the buffer has character positions
available. This line is not directly affected by the Printer
Ready line on the peripheral port.

Clear to Send (CTS - Pin 5) INPUT

CTS must be asserted (or disconnected) for transmission to

occur. If an attempt is made to transmit a character from the
terminal, the cursor will disappear. Once CTS is asserted,
the character will then be transmitted and the cursor will
reappear.

Data Carrier Detect (DCD - Pin 8) INPUT

DCD is handled identically to CTS.

Supervisory Transmit (SUPTX - Pin 11) OUTPUT

SUPTX is normally deasserted. SUPTX is asserted

simultaneously with any transmission of a BREAK signal. SUPTX
is asserted if the peripheral port's Printer Busy signal is
asserted (provided the port is enabled). Note that Printer
Busy appears deasserted if it is disconnected. On the
peripheral port, SUPTX functions as the Printer Busy line.

Page 10
 VC44~4 USER'S MANUAL

5.9 MAIN PORT

All characters received at the main port are processed

for display or control. This port can be disabled by
placing the terminal in the LOCAL mode.

There is a 46 byte received character input buffer. This

allows the port to receive lengthy control code
sequences requiring long execution times (e.g. clear
screen, clear to end of screen functions). This permits
a throughput of up to 96~0 Baud without the need for
X-ONjX-OFF flow control. At 19200, such flow control is
required. NUL characters do not alleviate the need for
flow control since it takes as much time to process a
NUL as it does a displayable character. A BREAK signal,
when rece ived, is converted to a NUL and pI aced in the
buffer.

X-ONjX-OFF flow control may be disabled by installing a

jumper, J9, on the logic PCB. This may be required for
systems which use X-ONjX-OFF codes for other purposes.
In such cases, communications at 19,200 Baud is not
possible. At other Baud rates, the repeated reception
of certain codes (e.g., several clear-to-end-line codes
in succession), may cause the input buffer to fill
completely. In this case, DTR is deasserted until
buffer space becomes available.

When the input buffer only has 10 empty character

positions, an X-OFF control code (ASCII DC3) is sent.
X-ON (ASCII DC1) is sent when the buffer is empty. In
Half Duplex, RTS becomes asserted momentarily while
X-OFF or X-ON are being sent. These codes are only sent
from the main port (never to the peripheral port). When
X-aFFIx-ON protocol is used, the logic keeps track of
X-OFFs received from both the peripheral and those
generated internally. This is done to prevent the logic
from transmitting an X-ON until both it and the
peripheral are ready.

The cursor will disappear momentarily if an attempt is

made to transmit characters (e.g.by typing on the
keyboard) faster than that permitted by the baud rate
setting. This only occurs at low baud rates (110 baud or
less) if characters are being typed at a faster rate.

If the optional answer~back code is received, the main

port transmits the pre-programmed text string. This is
not sent to the peripheral port. In Half D'Jplex mode,
RTS is asserted at the start of the text and is restored
to its original state at the end of the transmission.

Page 11
 VC4404 USER'S MANUAL

5.10 PERIPHERAL PORT

This port permits the transmission of data from the

terminal to a peripheral device, such as a printer. This
data can originate from the terminal (e.g. the display
screen memory) or by being passed through from the main
port.

The peripheral port' has an independently selectable baud

rate. This baud rate is factory-set to 300 Baud. For
transmission from the main port to the peripheral port,
the baud rate settings must correspond. However, the
keyboard can send data to the peripheral (when in LOCAL
mode) and the screen can send data to the peripheral port
(in COpy mode) at a speed independent of the main port
speed.

When in COpy mode, the peripheral can control the flow of

data to it by using DTR or X-ON/X-OFF flow control. (N.B.
This has no relevance to Jumper J9). When the COpy key
is depressed, the screen contents are sent to the
peripheral port. A CR/LF pair is transmitted at the end
of each line, with trailing spaces not being transmitted.
The sequence of events following the depressing of the
COpy key is as follows:

1. Keyboard is disabled
2. X-OFF is sent from the the main port (flow control may
be disabled by installing jumper J9 on the logic PCB).
3. If the transfer takes place at the independent speed,
a .25 sec 'delay is executed to allow time for
the host to stop sending data. DTR is dropped and
the UARTs are reconfigured for the new baud rate.
4. Screen contents ar~ transmitted from the peripheral
port.
5. The keyboard is enabled.
6. DTR, baud rates are restored and an X-ON is sent.

This port can be turned on or off remotely via the main

port upon receipt of a DC2 code (ON) and DC4 code (OFF)
or from the terminal keyboard by depressing the PRINT
key.

Page 12
 VC4494 USER'S MANUAL

When the port is enabled, any characters received at the

main port are sent to the peripheral port. Any characters
entered at the keyboard are also sent. The port will only
send data if Printer Ready (DTR - Pin 2e) is asserted (or
disconnected) and if Printer Busy (Supervisory Tx - Pin
11) is deasserted (or disconnected). If either condition
is not satisfied, the terminal will wait until both are
satisfied. The Printer Busy signal controls the
Supervisory Transmit signal (pin 11) on the main port.
The Printer Ready signal controls only the flow of data
to the printer. The main DTR signal is deasserted if the
terminals input queue becomes filled. It should be noted
that if J9 is not installed, an X-OFF will be sent to the
host before the input queue fills. Therefore it is
possible to use a printer with DTR flow control on a
system which requires X-OFF will be sent to the host
before the input queue fills. Therefore it is possible to
use a printer with DTR flow control on a system which
requires X-OFF/X-ON flow control.
Depressing the BREAK key causes a 2e~ msec BREAK to be
transmitted from both main and peripheral ports, provided
they are enabled. The BREAK is transmitted from the
peripheral port first, then the main port.
Characters received at this port from the peripheral are
recognized by polling a UART. These characters appear to
the terminal as if they originated at the keyboard.
Characters can be received from the peripheral at a
maximum continuous rate of 3~ characters/sec. A BREAK
received at the peripheral port is passed as a 29~ msec
BREAK to the main port. X-ON/X-OFF codes are also passed
through to the main port when received.

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 VC44~4 USER'S MANUAL

6. KEYBOARD

6.1 KEYBOARD LAYOUT

Table l~ defines the keyboard layout (USASCII version)

6.2 AUTOREPEAT

When a key is held down for more than one-half second,

the key will automatically repeat at approximately 15
characters per second. This is often referred to as
"Typamatic".

6.3 KEYBOARD MODE SWITCHES

The keyboard includes the following latching mode

swi tches:
PRINT: depressed - turns peripheral port on.

PAGE: depressed - selects page overwrite

(e.g., a line feed received when in
bottom line moves cursor to top of
screen) •

not depressed - selects scrolling (e.g.,

line feed received when in bottom line
causes screen to scroll upwards).

FULL: depressed - selects full duplex

not depressed - selects half duplex

LOCAL: depressed - selects local mode

not depressed - selects remote mode

6.4 PROGRAM FUNCTION (PF) KEYS

Ten PF keys are operational in both VC4~4 and ADM3A

modes. However, the different modes cause different
codes to be transmitted, as described in Table 8.

6.5 BREAK KEY

Depressing the BREAK key causes the RS232-C Transmit line

to be put into a spacing condition for approximately 2~~
milliseconds. This key is often used to interrupt host
processor program execution.

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 VC4404 USER'S MANUAL

7.0 CONTROL FUNCTIONS

Two modes of operation exist: VC404 mode and ADM-3A mode.
They differ in terms of software compatibility. (see
Table 6).
7.1 ESCAPE SEQUENCES AND CONTROL CODES
Both ASCII control codes and "ESCAPE" sequences control
the terminal's operation. A Control Code is a single
character code which can be used to invoke a function.
The ESC character (ASCII hexadecimal 18), indicates that
the following character is not to be displayed, but is to
be interpreted as an instruction to perform a special
function. All escape sequences, with the exception of
relative and absolute cursor positioning consist of the
ESC character followed by a single character. Table 6
summarizes these functions.
7.2 CURSOR CONTROLS

Refer to Table 6 for the exact definitions for these

codes. They are defined depending on whether the VC404
or ADM-3A mode is set. These codes are transmitted to the
host, with the noted exceptions.
CURSOR LEFT - Moves .the cursor one character position to
the left. If the cursor is positioned at the beginning
of a line, issuing this command will have no effect.
CURSOR RIGHT Moves the cursor one position to the
right. When the cursor reaches the last character
position in a line, it wraps around to the beginning of
the next line. In PAGE mode, the cursor moves from the
last position of the last line to the first position of
the first line when a cursor right command is issued.
(Wraparound occurs if AUTO WRAP is not disabled (see
Table 5, J12.)
CURSOR DOWN This command moves the cursor down one
line. If the cursor is on the bottom line the text
scrolls up. In PAGE Mode, the cursor moves to the top
line.
CURSOR UP Moves the cursor up one position. If the
cursor is on the top line, cursor remains fixed.
CURSOR HOME Moves the cursor to the upper left hand
corner, without clearing screen.
CLEAR The entire screen is cleared of all information
and the cursor moves to the upper left hand corner. In
ADM-3A mode, this code is not transmitted to the host
when entered from the keyboard.

Page 15
 VC4484 USER'S MANUAL

CLEAR TO END OF LINE - The line upon which the cursor is

.currently positioned is cleared from the cursor position
to the end of that line. The cursor position remains
unchanged.
CLEAR TO END OF SCREEN - All information is cleared from
the cursor position to the end of the screen. The cursor
position remains unchanged.
RETURN (or ENTER) - The cursor is moved to the beginning
of the line on which it is positioned.

7.3 CURSOR POSITIONING

Absolute and Relative cursor positioning escape sequences
allow the cursor to be placed at any desired position on
the display without moving it sequentially through all of
the intervening positions. Each sequence consists of
four characters ESC+ (for relative positioning) or ESC=
(for absolute positioning), one character indicating the
new vertical position, and one character indicating the
new horizontal position. In the VC4~4 mode, CTRL P is
used instead of ESC=. Relative cursor addressing is not
available in the VC404 mode. The position implied by
each ASCII character is indicated in the following table:
Absolute Positioning Relative Positioning
I ESC I ESC
2 = 2 +
3 Vertical 3 Vertical
position Position
4 Horizontal 4 Horizontal
position position
After reception of the ESC=, the absolute positioning
sequence is started and the cursor moves to the new
position after valid codes have been received.
Relative positioning causes the vertical position to be
added to the current cursor vertical position and the
horizontal position to be added to the current cursor
horizontal position.

Page 16
 VC4494 USER'S MANUAL

Absolute and relative positioning are implemented in

wrap-around fashion. Thus, if the new position exceeds
the horizontal size of the display, the cursor wraps
around to the left of the display. Cursor addressing will
not cause the display to scroll. Any values larger than
24 for the vertical and 80 for the horizontal are
ignored. This allows vertical or horizontal cursor
positioning, independent of horizontal or vertical
position, respectively. The display positions are
numbered as follows:
HORIZONTAL POSITION
0 1 2 3 4 5 • • • • • • • • • • • • 79
1
2

3
(see Table 7)
VERTICAL 4
Monitor Screen
POSITION 5

•
•
23
Cursor Addressing Examples:
Sequence of Effort
Codes Received on Cursor
--------------
ESC == SP SP Cursor to HOME
ESC + SP SP Position unchanged
ESC + * , Cursor down 19 and right 12
ESC + 7 0 Cursor down 23 and right 79
(or effectively, cursor up
1 and left 1)
ESC • , 4 Cursor to line 12, column 20
ESC = G G Cursor to column 39, line
unchanged (line unchanged
because 39 for vertical is
>24 and is ignored).

Page 17
 VC4404 USER'SMANOAL<

8. GENERAL FEATURES
8.1 DIP SWITCHES
Table 1 defines the DIP switches.
8.2. JUMPER STRAPS
Table 5 defines the Jumper Straps.
8.3 STOP BITS
2 stop bits are used at 50, 75 and 110 baud.

1 stop bit is used at all other rates.

8.4 50/60 HZ

The terminal logic will automatically sele~t

the appropriate refresh rate, in accordance
with the line frequency.
8.5 COMPOSITE VIDEO OUTPUT
Composite video output is available on the
logic board. A rear panel connector must be
installed if this feature is to be activated.
8.6 POWER SWITCH/BRIGHTNESS CONTROL
This is a combined switch to control power on/off
to the terminal. Rotation adjusts the contrast
(appears to the user as brightness) of the
display.

8.7 REVERSE VIDEO

Characters may be displayed light on a dark
background or dark on a light background.
Terminals are normally shipped with a dark
background (Table 5) •

8.8 AUTOWRAP
When the cursor reaches the end of a line,
automatic wrap-around to the next line occurs.
This may be disabled (Table 5).

Page 18
 VC4484 USER'S MANUAL

8.9 TRANSPARENT MODE

This is set by a Dipswitch (Table 1). All
characters received are displayed, including the
control characters. This mode can only be turned
off via the Dipswitch in Vc4~4 mode. In ADM-3A
mode, this can also be set using ESC codes.
However, the Dipswitch should be ·off· when using
software control.

8.1~ HIGHLIGHTING
This causes dim highlighting on all subsequent
displayable characters until re-set. (See Table ~
for the appropriate codes) •

Page 19
 VC4404 TABLES

Table 1: DIPSWITCH SETTINGS

"0" means that the dipswitch is in the UP position

"I" means that the dipswitch 1s in the DOWN position
SWITCHES Sl and S2 are located on the rear of the terminal
Switch Sl is to the left of switch S2 (when viewed from the back)

SWITCH 51:

I Mode (0=404 mode/l=AOM-3 mode)

2-3 Cursor (Table 2)

4 Transparent (1f 1, all characters including control"

codes are displayed)
5 Fill (if 1, fill screen with next character typed)

6 Independent peripheral speed (0=RX speed/l=300 baud)

7-8 Parity (Table 4)

SWITCH S2:

1-4 Receive baud rate (Table 3)

5-8 Transmit baud rate (Table 3)

Page 20
 VC4494 TABLES

rable 2: Cursor DIP Switch Settings

~----------------------------------
Sl-2 Sl-3 Effect
------
13 Steady/Block

13
°1 Flashing/Block

1 0 Steady/Underscore

1 1 Flashing/Underscore

1'able 3: Baud Rate Dip Switch Settings

Switch S2, positions 1-4 for Receive Baud Rate,

positions 5-8 for Transmit Baud Rate.

SETTING BAUD RATE

9909 59
9001 75
1312J19 119
(iBn 1 134.5
12J100 150
0101 300
0110 6130
0111 12130
1000 1812J0
1001 2400
1010 3600
1011 4800
1100 7212J0
1101 96013
1110 19200
1111 use for terminal self test

Page 21
 VC44e4 TABLES
Table 4: Parity DIP Switch Settings

Sl-7 Sl-8 PARITY

------
13 0 ODD
13 1 EVEN
1 13 MARK
1 1 SPACE
Table 5: Jumper Strap Settings
------------------------------
USER-ORIENTED JUMPERS:
There are three user-oriented features which can be defined by
chang ing "jumpers" located on the main logic circuit board. Their use
is:
.13 This reverses the background.i.e.when installed, light
characters appear on a dark background. When removed,
dark characters appear on a light background.
.19 Installing this jumper disables X-ON/X-OFF flow
protocol •
.112 This provides the "Autrowrap" feature. When the cursor
reaches the end of a line (8e-th position), it "wraps·
to the beginning of the next line. When the jumper is
removed, the cursor will remain in the 8e-th column.
Jumpers .19 & .112 are "installed" at the factory.
OTHER JUMPERS:
Other jumpers have been provided to allow for future features and to
offer flexibility for special or custom versions of the product. These
jumpers and their use are:
.11,.14 Used to Change the Character ROM from an 8 X 16
(l28-Character) to an 8 X 8 (256-Character)
format. This also requires a firmware change •
.12,.17,.1113 These change the number of characters per line
from 813 to 40. A firmware change is also
required.
.15,.16 These permit the use of various ROMS and EPROMS,
notably 2716,2732, and 2/64 types.
.111 This disconnects chassis ground from systems
ground.
.18 Not used •

Page 22
 VC4411J4 TABLES

Table 6. FUNCTION CODES (REV K)

--------------------------------------------------
FUNCTION I VC411J4 ADM-3A I
--------------------------------------------------
I BELL I CTRL G I CTRL G
--------------------------------------------------
I CURSOR LEFT I CTRL H I CTRL H
--------------------------------------------------
I CURSOR RIGHT I CTRL U I CTRL L
---------------_
I CURSOR UP
.. ~----~~-~-----------------------
I CTRL Z I CTRL K
, CURSOR DOWN I CTRL J I CTRL J
I CURSOR HOME I CTRL Y I CTRL A

, CARRIAGE RETURN (ENTER) I CTRL M I CTRL M

I CLEAR SCREEN I CTRL X I CTRL Z
--------------------------------------------------
I CLEAR TO END OF LINE I CTRL V 11) ESC T ,
--------------------------------------------------
I CLEAR TO END OF SCREEN I CTRL W 11) ESC Y ,
--------------------------------------------------
I BEGIN ABS CURSOR ADDRESS I CTRL P ESC =
--------------------------------------------------
I BEGIN REL CURSOR ADDRESS 11) ESC + I
--------------------------------------------------
I HALF INTENSITY ON (DIM) I CTR L N , 1) ESC ) I
--------------------------------------------------
I HALF INTENSITY OFF(BRIGHT) I CTRL 0 11) ESC ( I
._-------------------------------------------------
I LOCK KEYBOARD 12) CTRL 0 I
-~------------------------------------------------
I UNLOCK KEYBOARD I CTRL N
--------------------------------------------------
I PERIPHERAL PORT ON I CTRL R 11)CTRL R I
--------------------------------------------------
I PERIPHERAL PORT OFF I CTRL T 11)CTRL T I
------~-------------------------------------------
I ENTER TRANSPARENT MODE 11) ESC U I
--------------------------------------------------
I EXIT TRANSPARENT MODE 11) ESC X I
--------------------------------------------------
1) Denotes added features - not available on the ADM-3A
2) If issued from keyboard, unit must be powered down to clear
the command.

Page 23
 VC4404 TABLES

Table 7. Cursor Addressing Codes (Applies to both VC404, ADM3A modes)

, Position or ,,, Pos1 tion or ,,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
position or
,
I Displacement
Value ASCII
D1 spl acemen t
Value ASCII , Di spl acement
Value ASCII
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 Space 27 ., 54 V
1 ! 28 < 55 W
2 " 29 = 56 X
3 t 30 > 57 y
4 $ 31 ? 58 Z
5 % 32 @ 59 [
6 & 33 A 60 \
7 • 34 B 61 ]
8 ( 35 C 62
9 ) 36 D 63
-or
10 * 37 E 64
11 + 38 F 65 a
12 , 39 G 66 b
13 40 H 67 c
14 • 41 I 68 d
15 / 42 J 69 e
16 0 43 K 70 f
17 1 44 L 71 g
18 2 45 M 72 h
19 3 46 N 73 i
20 4 47 0 74 j
21 5 48 P 75 k
22 6 49 Q 76 1
23 7 50 R 77 m
24 8 51 5 78 n
25 9 52 T 79 0
26 53 U
----------------~------------------------------------- --------------------

Page 24
 VC4404 TABLES
Table 8. Program Function (PF) Key Codes
----------------------------------------
KEY VC404 Mode ADM-3A Mode
---------- -----------
PFl CTRL A (SOH) ESC P

PF2 CTRL B (STX) ESC 0

PF3 CTRL C (ETX) ESC R

PF4 CTRL D (E;OT) ESC (SPACE)

PF5 CTRL E (ENO) ESC

PF6 CTRL F (ACK) ESC "

PF7 CTRL R (DC2) ESC t

PF8 CTRL T (DC4 ) ESC $

PF9 CTRL \ (FS) ESC ,

PF10 CTRL ] (GS) ESC &

Page 25
 VC44l1J4 TABLES

Table 9. Character Font

-------------------------

... ..." .
'H
'H
·-. ·· ·· ..
"H
·...·. ··......
··..
.
:..':
• H

· HH
·. · H

. ... ·· ·.......... ....··..

".
".
'H "
·...··
.·..
H

··.. ....
H · · ,

... ._.
::. ··...... ... ::
.. ·
H •

-·_..
·
..·
H

· H
'H

· -".
'H H'
_.··· .· ·.". "
.H.

.... ··..
"

·· ·
.H' H

'H' · " 'H'

·
...
".H" --..... ·
· ·· · H ·· · · ·
""H .·..
·-... ·-·
HH. ·...·.. ....·· ...
"H

.... ·
.. H •

· ·.... : : ....· ...

H
H"
· "

.. ..
.....
H'

·. ·· ·.. H

·
· - .
".
::
·· ·
.H

··-" -·....
.H

· · .· · ·.
.H'

· ··
H"
·:-.....: -g§g
_...
·· -
"H H
H",,'

""

·...· . ..··.-.....·-. · · · ··_.

H'
.....
·. ..· .-
.""
H

·.
• .H
. H'

.·
""
......
.. ···... .. ::-'::=. ··.--.
"

·
H.

·.· "
·...........
M"
· ·.
H'
,..M.
"·. · ..... I" •
·
--· .... ·-.....
NO

·-'. .....··.
.-
· .....
,H.. ~":,: ···_.... ....
·. .·....· -· . ·..H.
H'"
·· ·
...
·. ·-...- ·-. · . ··..... ··..... _.·_._.
..·...
NO

-_.· ·.....· · . -·
'H 'H'

-··.... -.....··. ..-· ·..· ....·- ....·

H'

H"

·
H

·. ·.....
·
._.
··-_H .·-...... : !
'H
·· ..
··.-..........
'H

·.... : .:
·. ··.. · -
HH
H
HH
· "H
. ·... ..·.
··-. ·. ·· ·.....·
'H
... ......
'H
·.
...
·. "
·.
'M

HH' H
·... ·...
·-: : .
H' _H ...
· · · ··.....-.. ·...
.. ...
H

·..... .' · ... ·....·

• H'

Page 26
"
s:u
tQ
C1)

N
'-I

VC 4404 The Chat

~
PF1
~
PF2 PF3
~
PF4
~ EJ PF6
~
PF7 PF8
>--< >--<
(PF9 )
~ lL!J >--\
CLEAR

~ l:J + -. I,

'"---< '"---<

~
-
! #
D
1
ESC
@ $ % A &. ( ) +1 BACK
BREAK

~ LU ~ ~ ~\ ~ ~ ~ IJ
~ ~ ~ ~
SPACE
~ ~

I~ !~ ~ ,~ [C E
}
TAB

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

W~ ~ ~ ~ II I
CAPS I
CTRL RETURN

\ ~ ~ ~ ~
LOCK
~ ~ ~ ~
l G
\
< >
~ /~ I~ I~ U; I~
SHIFT
~ ~
COPY SHIFT
~
FEED
~ ~ ~ ~

Legend
g White key with black lettering

g Black key with white lettering

, '" -----~-------'" '-