COLUMN DESIGN CALCULATIONS

Project Name : 4 STOREY STEEL STRUCTURE

Client Name : Unassigned
Engineer Name : Unassigned
Design File : E:\Side Work\JOAN\STAAD FILE\DESIGN-Column-1.rcdx
Analysis File : E:\Side Work\JOAN\STAAD FILE\DESIGN.std
Analysis Last Modified : 08/10/2023 10:07:25 pm

Definitions Of Terms:
All forces in units 'kN' and 'm'
All reinforcement details like area, spacing in 'mm'
Neutral axis angle for resultant design moment is with respect to local major axis.

Ratio to account for reduction of stiffness of columns due to

1 βdns =
sustained axial loads
Moment magnification factor for frames not braced against
2 δns =
sidesway
First-order relative deflection between the top and bottom of
3 Δo =
the story due to Vu in 'kN'
4 ∑Pu = Total factored vertical load in 'kN'. (Clause 406.6.4.4)
5 δu = Design displacement in 'mm'
Modification factor reflecting the reduced mechanical
6 λ =
properties Of concrete
Coefficient defining the relative contribution Of concrete
7 ac =
strength To nominal wall shear strength
Cross-sectional area of a structural member measured to
8 Ach =
the outside edges of transverse reinforcement in 'sqmm'
Gross area of concrete section bounded by web thickness
9 Acv = And length of section in the direction Of shear force
considered in 'sqmm'
Effective cross-sectional area within a joint In a plane
10 Aj = parallel To plane Of reinforcement generating shear In the
joint in 'sqmm'
Area Of non-prestressed longitudinal tension
11 As =
reinforcement in 'sqmm'
Minimum area Of shear reinforcement within spacing 's' in
12 Avmin =
'sqmm'
13 B = Width of column/ wall in 'mm'
14 beff = Effective Width of column/ wall in 'mm'
Cross-sectional dimension of member core measured to the
15 bc1 and dc1 = outside edges of the transverse reinforcement composing
area Ash in 'mm'
Distance from extreme compression fiber to neutral axis in
16 c =
'mm'
17 Cc = Clear cover to longitudinal reinforcement in 'mm'
Factor relating actual moment diagram to an equivalent
18 Cm =
uniform moment diagram
19 D = Depth / diameter of column in 'mm'
20 deff = Effective Depth / diameter of column in 'mm'
 Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of
21 d =
longitudinal tension reinforcement in 'mm'
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of
22 d' =
longitudinal compression reinforcement,'mm'
23 Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete in 'N/sqmm'
24 EI = Flexural stiffness of compression member in 'Nsqmm'
Specified compressive strength of concrete cylinder in
25 f'c =
'N/sqmm'
26 fy = Specified yield strength of reinforcement in 'N/sqmm'
Specified yield strength fy of transverse reinforcement in
27 fyt =
'N/sqmm'
Height of entire wall from base to top of wall segment
28 hw =
considered in 'mm'
29 Icr = Moment of Inertia of concrete crack section
30 k = Effective length factor for compression member
Length of compression member in a frame, measured
31 lc =
center-to-center of the joints in the frame in 'mm'
Moment of inertia of gross concrete section about centroidal
32 lg =
axis neglecting reinforcement in 'mm4 '
33 lw = Length of entire wall in 'mm'
Un-supported length for compression member along D in
34 lux =
'mm'
Un-supported length for compression member along B in
35 luy =
'mm'
Moment capacity of section for a given NA angle at design
36 MCap =
Pu in 'kNm '
37 Mcr = Cracking Moment
Resultant design moment at a given load angle to local
38 MRes =
major axis in 'kNm '
Factored moment amplified for the effects of member
39 Mc =
curvature used for design of compression member in 'kNm'
Factored moment modified to account for effect of axial
40 Mm =
compression in 'kNm'
Factored moment along D of column modified to account
41 Mmx =
for effect of axial compression in 'kNm'
Factored moment along D of column modified to account
42 Mmy =
for effect of axial compression in 'kNm'
43 Mur = Sqrt (Mmy^2 + Mmx^2) for circular column in 'kNm'
Factored moment acting on a section along D in 'kNm' from
44 Mux =
Analysis (Momemt About Major Axis)
Factored moment acting on a section along B in 'kNm' from
45 Muy =
Analysis (Momemt About Minor Axis)
Smaller factored end moment on a compression member in
46 M1 =
'kNm'
Factored end moment on a compression member at the end
47 M1ns = at which M1 acts, due to loads that cause no appreciable
sidesway in 'kNm'
Factored end moment on compression member at the end at
48 M1s = which M1 acts, due to loads that cause appreciable
sidesway in 'kNm'
 Smaller factored end moment on a compression member
49 M1sldr =
due to slenderness effect in 'kNm'
Larger factored end moment on compression member in
50 M2 =
'kNm'
Minimum value of moment M2 as per minimum
51 M2min =
eccentricity of column
Factored end moment on compression member at the end at
52 M2ns = which M2 acts, due to loads that cause no appreciable
sidesway in 'kNm'
Factored end moment on compression member at the end at
53 M2s = which M2 acts, due to loads that cause appreciable
sidesway in 'kNm'
Largest factored end moment on a compression member
54 M2sldr =
due to slenderness effect in 'kNm'
55 Mnb = Flexure Capacity for Beam
56 Mnc = Flexure Capacity for Column
Nominal Flexure strength of column at top along depth in
57 Mnty =
'kNm'
Nominal Flexure strength of column at bottom along depth
58 Mnby =
in 'kNm'
Nominal Flexure strength of column at top along width in
59 Mntx =
'kNm'
Nominal Flexure strength of column at bottom along width
60 Mnbx =
in 'kNm'
Factored axial force normal to cross section occurring
61 Nu =
simultaneously with Vu in 'kN'
62 Pc = Critical buckling load in 'kN'
Ratio of area of distributed transverse reinforcement to
63 pt =
gross concrete area perpendicular to that reinforcement
64 Pω = Ratio of As to B x d
65 Q = Stability index for storey
Radius of gyration of cross section of a compression
66 r =
member in 'mm'
67 Vc = Nominal shear strength provided by concrete in 'kN'
68 Vj = Shear Force acting at the joint in 'kN'
69 Vn = Nominal shear strength in 'kN'
70 Vn' = Nominal shear strength at joint in 'kN'
nominal shear strength provided by shear reinforcement in
71 Vs =
'kN'
Maximum nominal shear strength provided by shear
72 Vs permissible =
reinforcement in 'kN'
73 Vur = Factored resultant shear force acting on the column in 'kN'
74 Vus = Factored horizontal shear in a storey in 'kN'
75 Vux = Factored shear at section along B in 'kN' (From Analysis)
Shear induced due to column flexural capacity along
76 Vux1 =
width,'kN'
77 Vux2 = Shear due to enhanced earthquake factor along width, 'kN'
78 Vuy = Factored shear at section along D in 'kN' (From Analysis)
Shear induced due to column flexural capacity along
79 Vuy1 =
depth, 'kN'
80 Vuy2 = Shear due to enhanced earthquake factor along depth, 'kN'
81 y = Neutral axis depth.
It is a Neutral Axis angle corresponding to load angle to
82 β =
find out MCap
Center to center spacing of transverse reinforcement within
83 So =
the length lo in 'mm'
Length, measured from joint face along axis of member,
84 lo = over which special transverse reinforcement must be
provided in 'mm'

Code References:
NSCP C101 - 2015
Sr.No Element Clause / table
Minimum area of longitudinal reinforcement for
1 : 418.7.4
column
Maximum area of longitudinal reinforcement for
2 : 418.7.4
column
Minimum longitudinal and transverse
3 : 418.10.2.1
reinforcement for wall
4 Minimum diameter of transverse ties : 425.7.2
5 Minimum spacing of transverse ties : 425.7.2
Maximum spacing of longitudinal and
6 : 418.10.2.1
transverse reinforcement for wall
7 Applicability of boundary element : 418.10.6
Area and spacing of special confining
8 : 418.7.5
reinforcement
9 Slenderness Moments : 406.2.5
10 Shear Strength provided by concrete for column : 422.5.5
11 Design of shear for non-ductile wall : 411.5.4
12 Design of shear for ductile wall : 418.10.4.1
13 Minimum Flexural Strength of Columns : 418.7.3
14 Shear Check at Column Joint : 418.8.4.1
15 Shear Strength of Column : 418.3.3, 418.4 & 418.6.5
16 fs,perm : 424.3.2.1
17 fc,perm : A.3.1 (ACI 318-99)
18 Wcr : Eq 1-2 ( ACI 224R-01)
Sway Calculation (Stability Index)
For Global-X Direction
Level Load Storey Gravity Load Relative Storey Shear Stability Sway
Combination Height (m) P (kN) Displacements (kN) Index (Q) Condition
Analysis (mm)
A B C D B x C / (A x D)
-1.5 m to 0
11 1.5 130531.68 0.84 17868.73 0.004 Non Sway
m

For Global-Y Direction

Level Load Storey Gravity Load Relative Storey Shear Stability Sway
Combination Height (m) P (kN) Displacements (kN) Index (Q) Condition
Analysis (mm)
A B C D B x C / (A x D)
-1.5 m to 0
10 1.5 130531.68 0.62 17868.73 0.003 Non Sway
m

General Data
Column No. : C4
Level : -1.5 m To 0 m
Frame Type = Lateral
Response Modification Coefficient = 3
Design Code = NSCP C101 - 2015
Grade Of Concrete (f'c) = C21 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel (Main) = Fy414 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel (Shear) = Fy276 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel - Flexural Design = Fy414 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel - Shear Design = Fy276 N/sqmm
Consider Ductile = Yes
Type of Frame = Intermediate
Column B = 800 mm
Column D = 800 mm
Clear Cover, Cc = 50 mm
Clear Floor Height @ lux = 720 mm
Clear Floor Height @ luy = 720 mm
No Of Floors = 1
No Of Columns In Group = 1

Flexural Design (Analysis Forces)

Analysis Reference No. = 2104
Critical Analysis Load Combination : 16
Load Combination = [12] : 0.9 (LOAD 3: DL) -(LOAD 1: SLX)
Critical Location = Top Joint
Put = 150.1 kN
Muxt = -681.37 kNm
Muyt = 7.1 kNm
Vuxt = -4.73 kN
Vuyt = -454.37 kN
Pub = 170.46 kN
Muxb = 0 kNm
Muyb = 0 kNm
Vuxb = -4.73 kN
Vuyb = -454.37 kN

Effective Length Calculation

Calculation Along Major Axis Of Column
Joint Column Stiffness Beam Sizes Beam Stiffness ψ
Beam 1 Beam 2 Beam 1 Beam 2
(Length x Width (Length x Width
x Depth) x Depth)
N-m x 10^6 mm mm N-m x 10^6 N-m x 10^6
Bottom 1945.45 No Beam No Beam - - 1
Top 1945.45 5000 x 780 x 780 5000 x 780 x 780 527.42 527.42 1.844
Sway Condition (as per Stability Index) = Non Sway
Effective Length Factor along Major Axis = 0.8

Calculation Along Minor Axis Of Column

Joint Column Stiffness Beam Sizes Beam Stiffness ψ
Beam 1 Beam 2 Beam 1 Beam 2
(Length x Width (Length x Width
x Depth) x Depth)
N-m x 10^6 mm mm N-m x 10^6 N-m x 10^6
Bottom 1945.45 No Beam No Beam - - 1
Top 1945.45 4000 x 780 x 780 No Beam 659.28 - 2.951
Sway Condition (as per Stability Index) = Non Sway
Effective Length Factor along Minor axis = 0.82

Check For Stability Index

Along D
Q = 0.004
0.004< 0.05, Column shall be designed as non-sway frame (Braced)

Along B
Q = 0.003
0.003< 0.05, Column shall be designed as non-sway frame (Braced)

Slenderness Check
Column Is Braced Along D
Slenderness Check along D
k = 0.8
r = 230.94 mm
Kluy /r = 2.49
M1 = 0 kNm
M2 = -681.37 kNm
Min (40, 34 - 12 x (M1/M2)) = 34
2.49 < 34, Column not slender along D
Column Is Braced Along B
Slenderness Check along B
k = 0.82
r = 230.94 mm
Klux /r = 2.56
M1 = 0 kNm
M2 = 7.1 kNm
Min (40, 34 - 12 x (M1/M2)) = 34
2.56 < 34, Column not slender along B

Calculation of Design Moment

Direction Manalysis Msldr or Mc Mdesign-final
A B C
Major Axis Mux (top) -681.37 - -681.37
Major Axis Mux (bottom) 0 - 0
Minor Axis Muy (top) 7.1 - 7.1
Minor Axis Muy (bottom) 0 - 0

Where
A = Moments from analysis
B = Moment due to slenderness effect
C = Final design Moment = Maximum of (Manalysis, Maximum of (Msldr or Mc))

Final Critical Design Forces

Critical Case - Axial Load & BiAxial Bending
Pu = 150.1 kN
Mux = -681.37 kNm
Muy = 7.1 kNm

Φ Pn, Max Check

Critical Analysis Load Combination = 12
[8] : 1.2 (LOAD 3: DL) +0.5 (LOAD 4: LL) -
Load Combination =
(LOAD 2: SLZ)
Critical Location = Bottom Joint
Pu = 320.91 kN
Mux = 0 kNm
Muy = 0 kNm
Pt Calculated = 1.11
φ Pn, Max = 7310.96 kN
Pu < φ Pn, Max Hence, OK
Minimum Ast Calculation
Critical Analysis Load Combination = 12
[8] : 1.2 (LOAD 3: DL) +0.5 (LOAD 4: LL) -
Load Combination =
(LOAD 2: SLZ)
Pu-max from all Combinations = 320.91 kN
Pt required for Pu-max = 0 %
Pt min (User Defined) = 1 %
Minimum Pt required = 1 %

Resultant Moment (Combined Action)

Moment Capacity Check
Pt Calculated = 1.11
Reinforcement Provided = 20-#20 + 4-#16

Load Angle = Tan-1 (Muy/Mux)

= 0.6 deg
MRes = 681.41 kNm
( φ ) MCap = 943.89 kNm
Capacity Ratio = MRes/ MCap
= 0.722 < 1

Shear Calculation
Along D Along B
(Analysis Forces)
Lu (mm) 720 720
Pu Top (kN) 293.76 293.76
Mnt (kNm) 985.82 985.82
Pu Bottom (kN) 320.91 320.91
Mnb (kNm) 993.53 993.53
Vu1 (kN) 2749.1 2749.1
Shear from Load combinations with Enhanced Eq factor
Load Combination 1.2 (LOAD 3: DL) +0.5 1.2 (LOAD 3: DL) +0.5
(LOAD 4: LL) +3 (LOAD 1: (LOAD 4: LL) -3 (LOAD
SLX) 2: SLZ)
Vu2 (kN) 1368.41 53.83
Critical Analysis Load 16 12
Combination
Critical Load Combination [12] : 0.9 (LOAD 3: DL) - [8] : 1.2 (LOAD 3: DL)
(LOAD 1: SLX) +0.5 (LOAD 4: LL) -
(LOAD 2: SLZ)
Nu (kN) 150.1 293.76
Mu (kNm) 681.37 36.68
Vu3 (kN) -454.37 -24.46
Vu' (kN) Minimum(Vu1, Vu2)
1368.41 53.83
Design Shear, Vu (kN) Maximum(Vu', Vu3)
 1368.41 53.83
λ 1 1
φ 0.75 0.75
Deff (mm) 740 740
ρw (50% of As provided) 0.006 0.006
Mm (kNm) 635.22 -53.65
φVc (kN) 395.08 623.29
Check Vu > φVc Vu < φVc
Link For Shear Design Required Not Required
Shear Links Design
Vs (kN) (Vu - φVc) / φVc
1297.77 -
Vs Permissible (kN) 0.66 x sqrt(f'c) x b x deff
1776.81 -
Vs Permissible Check Vs < Vs permissible; -
Hence, OK
Check for Minimum Shear -
Reinforcement
0.5 x φVc (kN) 197.54 -
Minimum Shear Vu > 0.5 x φVc; Hence, -
Reinforcement Check Minimum Shear
reinforcement required
Av/s minimum (sqmm/m) 1014.49 -
Av/s shear (sqmm/m) 6354.14 -
Av/s required (sqmm/m) max (Av/s minimum , Av/s shear)
6354.14 -
Link Rebar Number 12 -
Diameter of link (mm) 12 -
Numbers of legs provided 7 -
Spacing of Link Provided 125 -
(mm)
Av/s provided (sqmm/m ) 6333.6 -
Av/s provided check Av/s required < Av/s -
provided; Hence, OK

Design Of Links
Links in the zone where special confining links are not required
Normal Links

Maximum Longitudinal Diameter = Dia Of Rebar

Rebar Number of bundled bar, D1 = 20
Diameter of bundled bar, D1 = 20 mm
Bundled Rebar = No
Minimum diameter of link >= 9.5 mm
Provided Link Rebar Number = 12
Provided Diameter of link = 12 mm

Criterion for spacing of normal links

Min. Longitudinal Bar dia X 16 = 256 mm
48 x diameter of links = 576 mm
Min. Dimension of column = 800 mm

Spacing Criteria as per Vs & 0.33*Sqrt

(f'c)*Aeff
Along D
Vs = 1297.77 kN
0.33*Sqrt (f'c)*Aeff = 888.4 kN
Vs > 0.33*Sqrt
Check
(f'c)*B*d
d/4 = 185 mm
300 = 300 mm

Provided spacing = 125 mm

Provided spacing = 125 mm

Criterion for spacing of Ductile links:

fyt = 276 N/sqmm
Along D
Av/s min-1 = 0.062 x Sqrt(f'c) x B x 1000 / fyt
= 817.24 sqmm/m
Av/s min-2 0.35 x B x 1000 / fyt
= 1014.49 sqmm/m
Av/s min = Max ( Av/s min-1, Av/s min-2)
= 1014.49 sqmm/m

Along B
Av/s min-1 = 0.062 x Sqrt(f'c) x D x 1000 / fyt
= 817.24 sqmm/m
Av/s min-2 0.35 x B x 1000 / fyt
= 1014.49 sqmm/m
Av/s min = Max ( Av/s min-1, Av/s min-2)
= 1014.49 sqmm/m

Standard Criterion for Spacing of

Ductile Intermediate Links:
Reinforcement Grade,fy = 414 N/sqmm
Min. Longitudinal Bar dia x 8 = 128 mm
24 x diameter Of links = 288 mm
B/2 = 400 mm
Max 300 mm = 300 mm
Provided Spacing = 125 mm

Numbers of legs provided along D = 7

Av/s provided along D = 6333.6 sqmm/m
Numbers of legs provided along B = 7
Av/s provided along B = 6333.6 sqmm/m
Hence, OK

Length of Confining Zone

Column maximum dimension = 800 mm
Clear height /6 = 120 mm
Min. 450 mm = 450 mm
Zone length = 360 mm

Table For Links

Note: Ductile Design of Links is Applicable Only For Boundary Elements
Required Provided
Normal Design Shear Design Ductile Design Normal Zone Ductile Zone
Link Rebar Number 12 --- 12 12 12
Spacing 125 --- 125 125 125