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English Analysing Themes and Ideas Presentation Beige Pink Lined Style - 20240116 - 200217 - 0000

This document discusses three common instruments used for gathering information: surveys, observations, and experiments. [1] Surveys systematically collect beliefs and opinions using planned questions, which can be open-ended, recall, or recognition. [2] Observations study people in natural settings using senses; they can be participant or non-participant, structured or unstructured, covert or overt. [3] Experiments scientifically test hypotheses by manipulating variables to determine cause and effect; they involve making observations and predictions, performing tests, analyzing results, and reporting conclusions.

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13 views18 pages

English Analysing Themes and Ideas Presentation Beige Pink Lined Style - 20240116 - 200217 - 0000

This document discusses three common instruments used for gathering information: surveys, observations, and experiments. [1] Surveys systematically collect beliefs and opinions using planned questions, which can be open-ended, recall, or recognition. [2] Observations study people in natural settings using senses; they can be participant or non-participant, structured or unstructured, covert or overt. [3] Experiments scientifically test hypotheses by manipulating variables to determine cause and effect; they involve making observations and predictions, performing tests, analyzing results, and reporting conclusions.

Uploaded by

socamoking
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Group 5

Gathering Information
from Surveys,
Experiments, and
Observations
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Group 5

Are you Ready


to Jumble?
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
ERUSYV
This is a systematic attempt to collect
information, to describe and explain
the
beliefs, attitudes, perceptions, values
and opinions of selected groups of
people
using planned questions.
LCRAEL
This type of question
requires specific
information such as
number
of years in service, age, and
address.
ONITIERCOGN
This type of question is like
multiple choice exams that ask
for a response to a specific
question. Options are given such
as
in dichotomous (Yes/No) and
format in rating scale.
EMRNTPXIEE
This is an investigation in
which a hypothesis is
scientifically tested and
involves the manipulation of
variables to establish cause
and effect relationships.
Group 5

Types of
Instrument
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Lesson Objectives
A B C

SURVEY OBSERVATION EXPERIMENT


Survey
This is a systematic attempt to
collect information, to describe and
explain the beliefs, attitudes,
perceptions, values and opinions of
selected groups of people
using planned questions.
Kinds of Survey
a. Questionnaires
(individual self-administered
questionnaires, group administered
questionnaires)

b. Telephone Interviews

c. Personal Interviews
(face-to-face interviews)
Types of Questions in Conducting a Survey
This type of question requires specific information such as
Recall number
of years in service, age, and address.

This type of question is like multiple choice exams that ask


Recognition for a response to a specific question. Options are given such
as in dichotomous (Yes/No) and format in rating scale.

The respondent states or writes an answer to the question


Open in their own words.
Observation
This refers to studying and
gathering information on an
activity. Researchers
use all their senses to examine
people in natural settings or
naturally occurring
situations. Usually, this instrument
is used to cross-validate the results
of other instruments.
Types of Observation
Participant and Structured and
Non-Participant Unstructured
Covert and Overt
Participant Observation Structured Observation Covert Observation
- The researcher is allowed
to actively interact with the – A list of behavior that –The subjects are not aware
subjects. In some cases, the he/she wants to observe is that they are being
researchers immerse
themselves in a community present to the researcher. observed.
or group for a long period of Unstructured Observation Overt Observation
time.
Non-Participant Observation – The researcher allows the –The subjects are aware
- In this type of observation, behavior to emerge and that they are being
the subjects are being
observed by the researcher then documented through observed.
without interacting with in-depth narrative account.
them. The subjects are being
observed without their
knowing. When observing
animals and children, this
type is usually employed.
Guidelines in Conducting an Observation
1. Identify the Objective.
Determine what you want to observe and why.
2. Establish Recording Method.
Minimize or eliminate any disruptive or
unfamiliar devices into the environment.
3. Develop Questions and Techniques.
Determine whether you are
conducting an informal or a formal observation.
4. Observe and Take Notes.
Visit the space you are hoping to get
information from.
5. Analyze Behaviors and Inferences.
Separate difference between what
you observed (which are factual behaviors) and why your
observation happened.
Experiment
This is an investigation in which a
hypothesis is scientifically tested
and involves the manipulation of
variables to establish cause and
effect relationships. The views and
opinions of the researcher should
not affect the results of the study.
An experiment can be done in a laboratory or in a naturalistic
setting performing these steps:
1. Make observations.
2. Form the hypothesis.
3. Make a prediction.
4. Perform an experiment.
5. Analyze the results of the
experiments.
6. Draw a conclusion.
7. Report your results.
Guidelines in Conducting an Experiment
1. When performing an experiment, coordination with a laboratory technician or
supervisor is a must.
2. During an experiment, be presentable and accessible and maintain a relaxed
and professional atmosphere.
3. Cleanliness must be maintained in the experiment venue.
4. Forcing any participant is not allowed. Let them fill out an informed consent form
beforehand. It is a proof that the participant voluntarily participated in the
experiment.
5. Anonymity of the participants and confidentiality of the gathered data must be
ensured.
6. Everyone’s safety must also be ensured.
Thank you!

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