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Chapter 5 Slides

The document provides announcements and information about an upcoming exam for a chemistry class. It includes: - A reminder that Module 5 assignments are due February 4th and Dynamic Study Modules are due February 6th. - Exam 1 will take place online through Canvas on February 7th. The exam module on Canvas contains information about the exam format, time limit, allowed resources, and a practice test. - A review of key thermochemistry concepts covered in Chapter 5, including types of energy, endothermic and exothermic processes, heat capacity, enthalpy change, Hess's Law, and heat and work. - Sample exam questions are provided to help students prepare for the format and content of

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31 views

Chapter 5 Slides

The document provides announcements and information about an upcoming exam for a chemistry class. It includes: - A reminder that Module 5 assignments are due February 4th and Dynamic Study Modules are due February 6th. - Exam 1 will take place online through Canvas on February 7th. The exam module on Canvas contains information about the exam format, time limit, allowed resources, and a practice test. - A review of key thermochemistry concepts covered in Chapter 5, including types of energy, endothermic and exothermic processes, heat capacity, enthalpy change, Hess's Law, and heat and work. - Sample exam questions are provided to help students prepare for the format and content of

Uploaded by

mardel11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ch.

5 Slides
Announcements
 Protect your peers!

Finish viewing Ch. 5 videos in Module 5.

 Module 5 Assignments due Friday, Feb. 4


1. Canvas Quiz Chapter 5
2. Ch.5 MasteringChemistry Chapter HW

 Dynamic Study Modules due Sunday, Feb. 6


Exam 1 – Monday, Feb, 7
ONLINE Exam, taking through Canvas
No Lecture class Monday
Take the exam on Monday
Monday, Feb. 7 (6am) –
 All Info about Exam 1 is in the Exam 1 Module
on Canvas
 Time limit
 Allowed resources
 Ways to Study
 Practice Test (with feedback)
Ch.5 Thermochemistry
 Types of Energy
2Al(s) + Fe2O3(s)  Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(l)

 Endothermic & Exothermic processes

 Specific Heat/ Heat capacity - property

 Enthalpy Change, H

 Hess’s Law – Used to calculate H


Heat and Work
E = Internal Energy Change
E = q + w
q is heat change
+ when heat is absorbed (added)
‐ when heat is released (removed)
w is work
+ when work is done on system
‐ when work is done by system
Canvas Quiz Ch. 5
 Lecture Video 5.1
Q1: If no heat is transferred during the following
compression of a gas, what is the sign of w, and does
internal energy of the enclosed gas increase, decrease, or
remain constant?

Change in Internal Energy:


E = q + w

E = Efinal  Einitial
+ means E increases
 means E decreases
Canvas Quiz Ch. 5
 Lecture Video 5.1
Q2: A sample of octane burns releasing 2290 J of heat to the
surroundings, and the gases produced expands against a
piston to do 560 joules of work. Calculate the internal
energy change for this reaction.

What are the signs of q and w?

q=
w=

E =
Specific Heat (c)
 Property of a substance in a given physical state
(g, l, s).
 Amount of heat (q) required to raise the
temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
 Units: J/(g °C) = _____ or cal/(g °C) or ______


 
Canvas Quiz Ch. 5  
 Lecture Video 5.3
Q3: If 1 kJ of heat is added to 250 g samples of each of the
following metals, which would increase in temperature by
the greatest amount? The specific heat values are provided.

 Copper; c = 0.38 J/(gꞏ°C)


 Iron; c = 0.45 J/(gꞏ°C)
 Lead; c = 0.13 J/(gꞏ°C)
Canvas Quiz Ch. 5
 Lecture Video 5.4
Q4: Which of the following best describes the law of
conservation of energy when no work is done?

 qsystem + qsurroundings = 1
 qsystem + qsurroundings = 0
 qsystem - qsurroundings = 0
 qsystem = qsurroundings
H = Enthalpy Change
 ∆E = ∆H (Enthalpy Change)
 When pressure is constant
 When no work is done

 When pressure is constant:


 Enthalpy change = heat change
 ∆H = qp

 
Canvas Quiz Ch. 5
 Lecture Video 5.3
Q5: In a calorimetry experiment, a salt is dissolved in water
within an insulating container. The temperature of the solution
(surroundings) decreases from 25°C to 14°C. Given that the
mass of the solution is 120 g, and the specific heat of the
solution is 3.18 J/g°C, calculate the enthalpy change (in kJ)
for the dissolving process. Be sure to give the correct sign for
your answer, and identify the dissolving process as
endothermic or exothermic.
 What is the system? _______________
 What is the surroundings? ______________
Canvas Quiz Ch. 5
 Lecture Video 5.3
Q5: In a calorimetry experiment, a salt is dissolved in water
within an insulating container. The temperature of the solution
(surroundings) decreases from 25°C to 14°C. Given that the
mass of the solution is 120 g, and the specific heat of the
solution is 3.18 J/g°C, calculate the enthalpy change (in kJ)
for the dissolving process. Be sure to give the correct sign for
your answer, and identify the dissolving process as
endothermic or exothermic.

 q(surroundings) = mꞏcꞏ∆T =

 q(system) =
Canvas Quiz Ch. 5
 Lecture Video 5.2
Q6: The thermochemical equation for the combustion of
magnesium metal is given below. How much heat should be
released when 0.411 mol of magnesium metal reacts with
excess oxygen?
2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s) ∆H = −1204 kJ
Canvas Quiz Ch. 5
 Lecture Video 5.4
Q7: The heat of combustion of hydrogen gas is
–286 kJ/mol (per mole of hydrogen gas). What
is this value with units of kJ/g?
H for Phase Changes
Vaporization

Evaporation
Boiling
Canvas Quiz Ch. 5
 Lecture Video 5.2
Q8: Sublimation is the change in physical state from solid to
gas. When dry ice sublimes, the temperature of the
surroundings decreases. Which of the following statements is
true?
 The enthalpy change for the sublimation of CO2 is a positive
value, and CO2 gas has a higher enthalpy than CO2 solid.
 The enthalpy change for the sublimation of CO2 is a positive
value, and CO2 solid has a higher enthalpy than CO2 gas.
 The enthalpy change for the sublimation of CO2 is a negative
value, and CO2 gas has a higher enthalpy than CO2 solid.
 The enthalpy change for the sublimation of CO2 is a negative
value, and CO2 solid has a higher enthalpy than CO2 gas.
Canvas Quiz Ch. 5
 Lecture Videos 5.1 and 5.3
Q9: Consider the following thermochemical equation
for the following reaction:
CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g) Hº = 178 kJ
Assuming the reaction occurs in an open system and no
work is done, which of the following statements about
this reaction is FALSE?

 The reaction is endothermic.


 The reactants are higher in potential energy than the
products.
 The internal energy of the reaction system increases as
the reaction occurs.
 Heat is absorbed by the system from the surroundings.
 The temperature of the surroundings decreases.
Enthalpy of Formation, Hf
 H°f values are in Appendix C, ebook Backmatter
 Enthalpy of formation, Hf, is the:
 “enthalpy change for formation of 1 mole of
compound from its elements in most stable
form”

 Example:
Al(s) + Cl2(g)  AlCl3(s) Hf = -705.2 kJ
 Thermodynamic
Quantities are
in Appendix C
(Backmatter) in
eBook:
 Specifically at
T=25°C

Why does Hf,= 0


for elements?


Enthalpy of formation, Hf,
“Enthalpy change for formation of
Canvas Quiz Ch. 5 1 mole of compound from its
elements in most stable form”
 Lecture Video 5.5

Q10: Which of the following is the correct formation


equation that corresponds to the enthalpy of formation,
H°f, value for liquid methanol, CH3OH(l), -201.2 kJ/mol?

 C(s, graphite) + H2(g) + O2(g) → CH3OH(l)


 C(s, graphite) + 4H(g) + O(g) → CH3OH(l)
 2C(s, graphite) + 4H2(g) + O2(g) → 2CH3OH(l)
 C(s, graphite) + 2H2(g) + O2(g) → CH3OH(l)
 C(s, graphite) + 4H+(g) + O2-(g) → CH3OH(l)
∆H is a State Function
H is a state function
Value depends only on initial and final states
How are the H values related for the forward and
reverse reactions?

A B B A
Canvas Quiz Ch. 5
 Lecture Video 5.5

Q11: When nitrogen triiodide decomposes, the


following explosive exothermic reaction occurs:
2NI3(s) → N2(g) + 3I2(s)
Which of the following is true about this reaction?
 The enthalpy of formation of NI3 should be a positive
value.
 The potential energy of NI3 is greater than that of
N2 and I2.
 During the reaction, potential energy is converted to
kinetic energy
 All of these are true.
Hess’s Law
H° is a state function
Depends only on initial and final states
Hess's Law:

Example:
2CO(g) + O2(g)  2CO2(g)
∆H°rxn = 2∆H°f (CO2(g))2∆H°f (CO(g))

Formation equations:
Cgraphite + O2(g)  CO2(g) ∆H°f (CO2(g))
Cgraphite + 𝟏𝟐O2(g)  CO(g) ∆H°f (CO(g))
Canvas Quiz Ch. 5
 Lecture Video 5.5

Q12: Given the following standard enthalpy of formation


values, calculate the enthalpy change, ΔH°rxn, for the following
reaction:
N2O4(g) + 4H2(g) → N2(g) + 4H2O(g)
Canvas Quiz Ch. 5
 Lecture Video 5.5
Q13: Given the following thermochemical equations:
A(g) → B(g) ∆H° = 15 kJ
2B(g) → C(s) ∆H° = –25 kJ
C(l) → C(s) ∆H° = –20 kJ
C(g) → C(l) ∆H° = –30 kJ
Determine the standard enthalpy change, ∆H°, for the
following equation:

2A(g) → C(l)
Canvas Quiz Ch. 5
 Lecture Video 5.5
Q14: Given the following thermochemical equations,
N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g) H = +180.7 kJ
2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g) H = −113.1 kJ
2N2(g) + O2(g) → 2N2O(g) H = +163.2 kJ
Use Hess's Law to calculate the enthalpy change, H, for
the following reaction:
3NO(g) → N2O(g) + NO2(g)
Be Prepared
for Exam 1
 Prepare for Exam 1
 See Exam 1 Module on Canvas
 Includes 30-question practice test with
feedback!

Remember:
 Module 5 Assignments due Feb. 4
 15 DSMs due Feb. 6

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