Unit (7)

Our World
Lessons (1&2)

Key vocabulary

word word
world grassland
habitat polar
animals rainforest
coastal wetland

Vocabulary

word word
location wildlife
natural polar bear
wonders desert
area turtle
Nile Delta earth
describe coast
caracal orangutan
top protect
oases mountains
local national
colours park
change shooting star
planet rocks
surrounded by appearance

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shapes lake
tourists palm trees
volunteers a day - trip
beach furniture
environment destroy
pollute respect
meteorite reach

Reading (1)
The Kharga Oasis is surrounded by desert, far from the River Nile. It is visited
by more and more tourists every year. Hundreds of date palm trees are grown
here. The dates are sold in many shops in the area. You can also fill your bags
with the baskets, shoes and furniture that are also made from the date palm
trees. The Kharga Oasis is one of Egypt's natural wonders.

Reading (2)
Natural wonders of Egypt
Egypt is visited by more than 14 million tourists every year. We have made a list of
the natural wonders of Egypt that we think visitors should know about.
The White Desert National Park
This huge desert starts on the western side of the River Nile and continues into
Libya. It contains five oases, with rocks that the wind has made into strange
shapes. The colours change at different times of day and make them beautiful to
look at.
Al - Nayzak Lake
This natural lake is a three - hour drive from Hurghada. The lake is called the
shooting Star by locals because it is believed that a piece of a star (a meteorite)
fell into it. The Lake is cut out of the rock in the shape of an eye and is filled with
the bright blue water of the Red Sea. It is described by the visitors as one of the
best places to dive and swim.
Gebel Elba
This national park is surrounded by grassland between the Red Sea Coast and the
mountains. This national park takes its name from the mountain in the middle of it.
It is unusually green and home to many animals and birds. However, as it isn't easy
to reach, it isn't visited often. Its location should help to protect the wildlife there.

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 Words & definitions
habitat the natural home of a plant or animal
wonder something that makes you feel surprise and admiration
area a particular part of a country, town etc
natural existing in nature and not made by people
polar relating to the North Pole or the South Pole
oasis a place with water and trees in a desert

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym
far remote near - close
natural normal manmade - artificial
huge enormous small - tiny
protect save destroy - damage

Prefixes and suffixes

prefix suffix
unnatural national
disadvantages quickly

Words and expressions

is surrounded by are made from
far from Egypt's natural wonders

is visited by wonders of Egypt

trees are grown make a list of
in many shops should know about
in the area starts on
fill.....with continue into

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by locals it contains
a piece of with rocks
fell into made into shapes
is cut out of a three - hour drive
in the shape of is called
takes its name from at different times
in the middle of the best place
easy to reach is home to

Confusing words
list menu
reach rich
change charge
desert dessert
date date

Irregular verbs
grow grew grown
make made made
think thought thought
know knew known

Language Notes
1. list / menu
They have made a list of the natural wonders.
The waiter gave us the menu to choose our food.

2. wonder / wander
There are many natural wonders in Egypt.
He wandered in the street alone.

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3. a three - hour drive
The lake is a three - hour drive from Hurghada.

4. star / planet / meteorite

The sun is a big star.
The earth is our planet.
Some meteorites hit the earth.

5. beach / coast / bank

We enjoyed the beach very much.
Hurghada is on the Red Sea Coast.
We walked along the bank of the river at night.

Exercises

1. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d

1. An.................... is a place with water and trees in a desert.
a. island b. ocean c. oasis d. bank
2. The natural home of a plant or an animal is called a.....................
a. habit b. habitat c. project d. predict
3. An....................means a particular part of a country, town etc.
a. era b. region c. area d. art
4. Relating to the North Pole or the South Pole means....................
a. solar b. rural c. polar d. lunar
5. ................means existing in nature and not made by people.
a. handmade b. man-made c. natural d. industrial
6. A..............is something that makes you feel surprise and admiration.
a. wander b. usual c. normal d. wonder
7. ............palm trees are grown in the Oasis.
a. Late b. Date c. Drought d. Brought
8. The Great Pyramid is one of Egypt's ancient.................
a. wanders b. wonders c. orders d. borders
9. People have made a new...................of the wonders.
a. menu b. interview c. views d. list
10. We went on a two - .....................drive by car.
a. hours b. hours' c. hour d. an hours
11. People who live in a place are called....................
a. strangers b. locals c. thieves d. robbers

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12. It isn't.......................to reach, we go there with great difficulty.
a. difficult b. hard c. easy d. far
13. The word beautiful and ugly are...................
a. equal b. the same c. synonyms d. antonyms
14. We form the ....................of "easy" by adding " ily".
a. noun b. verb c. adjective d. adverb
15. We should protect our environment. The word protect means..............
a. damage b. destroy c. kill d. save

Present and past simple

Passive

-
present simple

‫ء ا‬ ‫ت اذا‬‫ون ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ ا‬ ‫رع ا‬‫ن ا‬ - ١

I - We - You - They -
‫ء ا‬ ‫( اذا‬s - es - ies) + ‫ر‬‫ ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ و‬- ٢
He - She - It - ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
They visit Egypt every day.
He plays football on Friday.
‫ت‬‫ون ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ ا‬‫( و‬don't / doesn't)   ‫ م‬‫ ا‬  - ٣
We don't speak English.
She doesn't cook meat.
 ‫ال‬‫ن ا‬‫( و‬Yes - No) ‫ن ا‬ ()  ‫ال‬‫ ا‬  - ٤
Do / Does +  + ‫ت‬‫ون ا‬ ‫ر‬ .....?

Do you eat fish?

Yes, I eat fish.
No, I don't eat fish.

Does he eat fish?

Yes, he eats fish.
No, he doesn't eat fish.
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  ‫ن ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ال‬‫ ا‬ - ٥
‫ ا‬ + do / does +  + ‫ت‬‫ون ا‬ ‫ر‬ .........?

Where do you come from? - Where does he come from?

I come from Egypt. - He comes from Egypt.

‫ﺪ رع ا ﺊ ﻐ‬ ‫ﻂ ﺔﻋﻌل ﺸﻎ ا‬ ‫ﺊﻈ‬ ‫ﺦﻐﺶﺋ ا‬

 ‫ن ا‬ ‫ ا‬  - ١

‫ل‬ + am - is - are + P.P.....by + ‫ا‬

Tourists visit Egypt.

Egypt is visited by tourists.

Ali mends cars.

Cars are mended by Ali.
(am - is - are)  (not) ‫ م‬‫ ا‬  - ٢

‫ل‬ + am - is - are+ not + P.P.....by + ‫ا‬

They don't use mobiles.

Mobiles aren't used by them.
She doesn't cook meat.
Meat is not cooked by her.
 ‫ن ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ ا‬   ‫ال‬‫ ا‬  - ٣
Am - Is - Are + ‫ل‬ + P.P. ....by + ‫? ا‬

Do they speak English?

Is English spoken by them?
Does Ali play games?
Are games played by Ali?
 ‫ن ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ال‬‫ ا‬  - ٤
‫ ا‬ + am - is - are + ‫ل‬ + P.P...?
Where do we make cars?
Where are cars made?
How does she make tea?
How is tea made?
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 - Past simple

‫ذة‬ ‫ل‬‫ أ‬‫( و‬d - ed - ied) + ‫ر‬‫ أي ا‬ ‫م‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬- ١
They played football yesterday.
She met her friends an hour ago.
‫ت‬‫ون أي ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ه‬ ‫( و‬didn't) ‫ م‬‫ ا‬  - ٢
They didn't go to Aswan in 2020.
He didn't write the email last week.
 ‫ال‬‫ن ا‬ ()  ‫ال‬‫ ا‬  - ٣

Did +  + ‫ت‬‫ون ا‬ ‫ر‬ .................?

Did he swim in the sea?
Yes, he swam in the sea.
No, he didn't swim in the sea.
Did they find the money?
Yes, they found the money.
No, they didn't find the money.
 ‫ن ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ال‬‫ ا‬  - ٤
‫ ا‬ + did +  + ‫ت‬‫ون ا‬ ‫ر‬ ..........?

How did they go to school?

They went to school on foot.

‫ﻎا ﺊ ﻐ‬ ‫ﻂ ﺔﻋﻌل ﺸﻎ ا‬ ‫ﺊﻈ‬ ‫ﺦﻐﺶﺋ ا‬

 ‫ن ا‬ ‫ ا‬  - ١

‫ل‬ + was - were + P.P.....by + ‫ا‬
She bought the tickets.
The tickets were bought by her.

They sold the house.

The house was sold by them.

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 (was - were)  (not) ‫ م‬‫ ا‬  - ٢

‫ل‬ + was - were+ not + P.P.....by + ‫ا‬

They didn't write the email.

The email wasn't written by them.

She didn't wash the dishes.

The dishes weren't washed by her.

 ‫ن ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ ا‬   ‫ال‬‫ ا‬  - ٣

Was - Were + ‫ل‬ + P.P. ....by + ‫? ا‬

Did Ali find the books?

Were the books found by Ali?
Did she cook lunch?
Was lunch cooked by her?

 ‫ن ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ال‬‫ ا‬  - ٤
‫ ا‬ + was - were + ‫ل‬ + P.P...?

Where did you buy the pens?

Where were the pens bought?
How did you win the prize?
How was the prize won?

Exercises on Language

1. Complete the sentences with the correct form

1. Egypt is............. (visiting) by more than 14 million tourists.
2. Cars ......................(is) made in Cairo.
3. The National Park is...............(surround) by grassland.
4. Hundreds of fossils were...............(find) in 1902.
5. It was.....................(discover) that they belonged to the same family.
6. ..................(Did) lunch cooked by her yesterday?
7. Where...................(do) mobiles made? - In China.
8. Arabic..................(doesn't) spoken in France.
9. Football is..................(playing) all over the world.
10. Salma..................(didn't) seen by her friends at school last week.

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2. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or
1. Books.............................of paper.
a. made b. making c. are made d. are making
2. Are the emails.........................by Hala?
a. send b. sending c. sends d. sent
3. The Pyramids.......................by the ancient Egyptians.
a. were built b. was built c. is built d. built
4. The book........................written by her.
a. isn't b. weren't c. didn't d. doesn't
5. The zoo is...........................by many people.
a. visit b. visits c. visiting d. visited

‫ﻎ ﺸﻎ ﻇﺼ ط‬ ‫ﻂ ﺔﻋﻌل ﻄﺪ رع وﻄ‬ ‫ﺊﻈ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻄﻂﺚ‬

‫ﺪ رع ا ﺊ ﻐ‬ ‫ا‬
1 ‫ل‬ + am - is - are + P.P.............. Egypt is visited by many tourists.
2 ‫ل‬ + am - is - are + not + P.P...... The story isn't read by Ali.
3 Am - Is - Are + + ‫ل‬ + P.P.........? Is lunch eaten by them?

‫ﻎا ﺊ ﻐ‬ ‫ا‬
4 ‫ل‬ + was - were + P.P............. The house was built by them.
5 ‫ل‬ + was - were + not + P.P...... Cars weren't cleaned by her.
6 Was - Were + + ‫ل‬ + P.P.........? Was the email sent by them?

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Unit (7)
Our World
Lessons (3&4)

Key vocabulary

word meaning word meaning

depression preserved
fossils belong to
species remote
whales weather

Vocabulary

word meaning word meaning

southwest beauty
ancient international
surprise winter
crocodiles terrible
Wadi al - Hitan windy
scientist night
land stables
UNESCO lucky
as a result owner
Egyptian warm
latest wait for
technology treat
pull different
horse design

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Rome builder
burn down roof
pipes light
heritage site

Reading
The Fayoum Depression is an area of desert, southwest of Egypt. Many ancient
fossils are often found here, but the species of animal fossil might surprise you;
crocodiles, turtles and whales. The most amazing fossils are the whale fossils. At
Wadi al - Hitan, The Valley of the Whales, hundreds of fossils of ancient whales were
found by scientists in 1902. The scientists were surprised to find out that these
whales had legs, so they once walked on land.
In 2005, the fossils at Wadi al - Hitan were studied by a team of international
scientists. The fossils were preserved really well and some of them were 21 meters in
length. It was discovered that these whales belong to the same family of animals as
camels and giraffes. The fossils are so important that Wadi al - Hitan was called a
UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005. However, it is very remote. As a result, it is only
visited by about 1,000 people a year.
Today, Egyptian scientists are studying some of the fossils at Mansoura
University using some of the latest technology, and they hope to learn more about
these amazing whales of the desert.

Reading (2)
Black Beauty
Anna Sewell
The next winter was very hard for all the horses. The weather was terrible.
There was rain every day and it was often windy. Some of the drivers were very poor,
so their horses worked all night. Other horses didn't have stables. They stayed out all
night and got wet and cold. I was lucky because Jerry was a kind owner and I was
always put in a warm stable.
One day Jerry and I waited for work next to a park. I watched as an old carriage
drove up next to us. It was pulled by a horse who was thin and looked tired. I looked
again and saw that it was my old friend, Ginger. She looked terrible. We walked for a
short time. Ginger was very unhappy. She had had many different homes and worked
very hard. All her owners were unkind to her and treated her badly. "You are my only
friend" Ginger told me before her owner drove her away. I understood that I had a
much better life than many other horses.

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 Words & definitions
remote far from towns or other places where people live

fossil a preserved animal or plant

species a group of animals or plants that belong to the same family

owner someone who owns something

stable a place where horses live

carriage a vehicle with wheels that is pulled by a horse

treat to behave towards someone or something in a particular way

depression a part of a surface that is lower than the other parts

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym
ancient very old modern - new
remote far near - close
hard difficult easy
terrible very bad nice - wonderful

Prefixes and suffixes

prefix suffix
infamous windy
unhappy surprised

Words and expressions

an area of belong to
southwest of the same family
are found here as a result
the species of the latest technology
were surprised to hope to

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find out learn more about
walk on land have stables
a team of pulled by horses
were preserved well wait for
21 meters in length treat badly
is very remote stay out

Confusing words
weather whether
own owe
hole hall
part port
species spices

Irregular verbs
find found found
put put put
see saw seen
have had had
burn burnt burnt

Language Notes
1. species / spices
There are many species of animals and plants.
My mother puts different spices on food.

2. really +  / really + ‫ل‬

He is really good.
He did really well.

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3. as a result = so  / as a result of = because of 
He studied hard as a result he got high marks.
He got high marks as a result of studying hard.

4. own  / owe to  

He owns a car.
We owe much to our parents.

5. belong to ‫ ا‬ ‫ او‬

These animals belong to the same family.
This car belongs to my brother.

Exercises

1. Finish the following dialogue

Ali What is your favourite sport?
Samy (1)........................................
Ali Is football a team or pair sport?
Samy (2)..........................................
Ali (3)..........................................?
Samy We win at football by scoring the most goals.
Ali (4)................................................?
Samy My favourite player is Mohamed Salah.
Ali Is he a clever player?
Samy (5).................................................

2. Choose the correct answer from a, b c or d

1. A..................is a place where horses are kept.
a. menu b. stable c. stadium d. studio
2. Someone who owns something is called an.......................
a. owner b. sailor c. engineer d. pioneer
3. ..............mean a group of animals and plants of the same family.
a. Spoke b. Spices c. Species d. Spring
4. ................means far from towns or other places where people live.
a. Near b. Close c. Easy d. Remote
5. A......................is preserved animal or plant.
a. fossil b. foil c. fuels d. coat

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6. A.....................is a part of a surface that is lower than the other parts.
a. expression b. intention c. invention d. depression
7. To behave towards someone or something in a particular way means...........
a. treat b. creep c. clear d. create
8. A...........................is a vehicle with wheels that is pulled by a horse.
a. plate b. carriage c. encourage d. fridge
9. ...............are enormous sea animals.
a. Elephants b. Lions c. Whales d. Fossils
10. We form the adjective from " surprise" by adding the suffix..............
a. al b. ed c. ing d. B & C
11. The antonym of " close" is.............................
a. near b. remote c. easy d. local
12. This mobile.........................to my sister.
a. longs b. brings c. belongs d. owns
13. He won the prize so he was happy. The word "so" means................
a. because b. because of c. as a result of d. as a result
14. We should.......................animals kindly.
a. kill b. damage c. destroy d. treat
15. My father owns this car. He is the.................of the car.
a. seller b. owner c. robber d. sender

3. Write a review of about (110) words

" A visit to Siwa Oasis"

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Unit (7)
Our World
Lessons (5,6&7)

Key vocabulary

word meaning word meaning

mongoose skill
thick avoid
fur danger
appearance bite

Vocabulary

word word
snakes Europe
famous for endangered
fighting mainly
Africa rocks
Asia several
forests control
part island
grassland deforestation
seeds habitat
frog nuts
birds role
groups lifestyle
the young tongue - twister
look after understand

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shells confused
gold - coloured feet
active kitten
confusing include

Reading

Mongooses
There are about 30 different species of mongooses in the world. A mongoose
has a long body, with short legs and a long tail. Their bodies are covered by
thick fur. Mongooses can see and hear very well, which helps them to find food
and avoid danger. Mongooses are famous for fighting snakes. They are able to
kill snakes by biting them.
The mongoose is found in Africa, Asia and parts of Europe. It lives in forests,
wetlands or grassland, under the ground or rocks. In the 1800s, mongooses
were taken to live in several islands in Hawaii and the Caribbean to control the
rat populations there. However, they are endangered, mainly because of
deforestation and loss of habitat. Mongooses eat small animals such as rats,
birds, frogs and lizards and also seeds, eggs and nuts.
Mongooses are active during the day and sleep at night. Although some live
alone, many live in large groups of up to 50, where each one has a role to play.
Some hunt and others look after the young. They can live for up to ten year in
the wild.

Listening
Hania The sentence in this poem is a tongue - twister
Malak Tong - twister! I am not sure I understand what you mean by that.
Hania I mean that it is very difficult to say.
Malak Could you give me an example?
Hania Yes, I read it: She sells sea shells on the sea shore.
Malak So when you say it's a tongue - twister, do you mean the letters are
the same?
Hania They are not all the same, but they are hard to read.
Malak No, I am still confused. Could you say that another way?
Hania Ok, In a tongue - twister, the words are hard to say together quickly.
Malak Ah, I see. I understand that now.

18
 Words & definitions
mongoose a small furry tropical animal that kills snakes and rats
fur the thick soft hair that covers the bodies of some animals
bite to use your teeth to cut something
endangered to put someone or something in danger
deforestation the cutting or burning down of all the trees in an area
tongue twister a word or phrase that is difficult to say quickly

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym
several many few
large big small
confusing not clear clear

Prefixes and suffixes

prefix suffix
endangered meaningful
uncovered confused

Words and expressions

species of found in Africa
in the world parts of Europe
with short legs in the 1800s
be able to several islands
covered by because of
hear very well are endangered
avoid danger such as
at night in large groups
next to the sea well preserved
a tongue - twister hard to say

19
 Confusing words
world word
thick sick
fight flight
habit habitat
role rule

Irregular verbs
fight fought fought
take took taken
catch caught caught
find found found

Language Notes

1. endangered = (be) in danger

Some animals are endangered.
Some animals are in danger.

2. with = have / has

ِ A mongoose is an animal with short legs.
= A mongoose has short legs.

3. avoid + ‫ ا‬/ V + ing

You should avoid making mistakes.
Try to avoid danger.

4. The +  ‫س‬‫ ا‬  ‫ أو‬‫ ط‬‫ ا‬ =  + people
The young should respect the old.
Young people should respect old people.

5. The + ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ت ا‬‫ام‬‫ ا‬  ‫ع أو‬‫م‬‫ ا‬

The lion is the king of forest.
The caracal is a beautiful gold- coloured cat.
20
 Exercises

1. Read and complete the text

belong - groups - staff - found - finding - habitat

Lions are strong animals. They are (1).....................in Africa. Their main
(2)............is the desert. They sometimes live in large (3)............They (4).........to
the cat family. People take them as a symbol of courage.

1. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d

1. A..................is a small furry tropical animal that kills snakes and rats.
a. mongoose b. lion c. octopus d. mouse
2. The thick soft hair that covers the bodies of some animals is called............
a. fair b. ferry c. fur d. jar
3. To .....................means to use your teeth to cut something.
a. fight b. kill c. joke d. bite
4. To put someone or something in danger means..........................
a. safe b. save c. rescue d. endanger
5. .................means the cutting or burning down of all the trees in an area.
a. Flood b. Deforestation c. Civilization d. Applications
6. Tongue................is a word or phrase that is difficult to say quickly.
a. forest b. twister c. poster d. taste
6. The opposite of " lazy " is..........................
a. active b. naughty c. happy d. dangerous
7. Some animals are ..................., they are in danger.
a. beautiful b. active c. funny d. endangered
8. Some words ate tongue- twister. They are...........to say quickly.
a. easy b. not difficult c. hard d. normal
9. .................can result in the death of animals.
a. Recycling b. Deforestation c. Happiness d. Classes
10. Mongooses are famous for...................snakes.
a. fighting b. saving c. laughing d. marrying
11. Animals are endangered because of deforestation and loss of..........
a. habits b. weight c. games d. habitats
12. The word "........................." is the synonym of the word " cut " .
a. right b. tight c. bite d. kite
13. The sum is.......................I can't understand it.
a. confused b. clear c. easy d. confusing
14. We should avoid.......................up late.
a. stay b. stayed c. staying d. stays
15. Some animals have........................fur to protect them.
a. thick b. sick c. sail d. seed

21
 Test on Unit (7)

1. Finish the following dialogue (5 M)

Basant is reading a novel called "Black Beauty"
Mohamed What are you doing?
Basant (1)...............................................................?
Mohamed What is the title of the novel?
Basant (2).................................................................
Mohamed (3).................................................................?
Basant It was written by Anna Sewell.
Mohamed What is it about?
Basant (4)...................................................................
Mohamed I like horses . How should we treat animals like horses?
Basant (5)...................................................................

2. Read and complete the text with words from the list (4 M)

weather - wanders - is - are - wonders - habitats

Tourists like visiting many countries around the world. Egypt (1)..............visited
by millions of tourists. They enjoy visiting natural (2)......................like Wadi al-
Hitan .They want to see animals in their natural (3).........................They enjoy
the (4).........of Egypt which is fine all the year.

3. Read the following text, then answer the questions (6 M)

Ali lived in a big house with a garden. One day, he was reading an interesting
story. When it got darker, he switched on the light. Suddenly, he heard a loud cry of
"Help! Help "coming from the garden. He looked out of the window but he couldn't
see anything. He heard the voice again. He thought that one of the neighbors' boys
had climbed a tree and couldn't get down. He took his torch and walked to the
garden. He searched it very well, but he couldn't find anybody. Finally, he thought that
someone was playing a trick on him. So he went back to the house. As soon as he sat
down, he heard the sound from behind him. It was sitting on the bookshelf, a large
green and red bird. It was a parrot.
a. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d
1. Ali heard the voice.............................
a. once b. twice c. three times d. four times
2. ...............................was making the loud cry of help.
a. The parrot b. Ali's friend
c. Ali's neighbour d. A neighbor's boy
3. Ali thought that someone was playing a..................on him.
a. trick b. track c. game d. song

22
b. Answer the following questions
4. Find a word in the passage that means "turn on"
................................................................................................................
5. Why did he take a torch with him?
................................................................................................................
6. Where was the parrot sitting?
................................................................................................................

4. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d (3 M)

1. The natural home of a plant or animal is called a................
a. habit b. happy c. hope d. habitat
2. We add the prefix..........to give the antonym of natural.
a. dis b. un c. in d. im
3. The suffix..............can turn the word "environment" into an adjective.
a. al b. ly c. ily d. ing
4. Ancient and old are...........................
a. antonyms b. synonyms c. opposite d. different
5. Many and......................are antonyms.
a. much b. a lot c. more d. few
6. Warm, wet areas are called a rainforest. The word areas means..............
a. times b. planets c. palaces d. places

5. Complete the following sentences with the correct form (5 M)

1. The tickets were.................... (buying) by my father.
2. ....................(Does) the book read yesterday?
3. Lunch.............(are) cooked by her.
4. Egypt.............(visits) by many tourists.
5. The thief.............(didn't) seen by the police.

6. Write a review of about (110) words on: (7 M)

" a story you have read"
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

23
Unit (8)
Protecting our planet
Lessons (1&2)

Key vocabulary

word word
flood fossil fuels
drought landfill sites
climate change absorb
greenhouse gases renewable

Vocabulary

word word
solar causes
energy liquid
slow down increase
methane types
weather waste
forest protect
fires problems
reasons planet
burn coral reefs
produce damage
rubbish global warming
carbon dioxide electrical
cut down equipment

24
cleaner nonrenewable
wind power chemicals
recycling Arctic
paper Antarctic
avoid melt

Reading
Our planet is getting hotter and our weather is changing. There are more
floods, droughts and forest fires than at any time in history. One of the reasons
for this is climate change.
Climate change is caused by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. These
are made when we burn fossil fuels such as oil.
Rubbish in landfill sites makes a greenhouse gas called methane. Deforestation
also produces greenhouse gases. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the air.
When we cut down trees, the carbon dioxide stays in the air.
If we keep burning fossil fuels, climate change will get worse. So, we need to
use cleaner renewable energy such as solar energy and wind power. We must
start recycling more rubbish and stop putting rubbish in landfill sites. If we
recycle more paper, we can avoid cutting down our forests. This will help slow
down climate change.

Words & definitions

air pollution ‫اء‬‫ث ا‬ damage caused to the air by chemicals and waste
landfill site ‫ ا‬‫ا‬ a place where people leave rubbish on the land
melting ice ‫ ا‬‫ اذا‬a problem in the Arctic and Antarctic because of global
warming
deforestation ‫ت‬‫ ا‬ When all the trees in an area are cut down
warmer seas ‫ا‬‫ة ا‬‫ ا‬something that can kill coral reefs
melt ‫وب‬ to become liquid

25
 Synonyms and antonyms
word synonym antonym
protect save damage
absorb take in give out
start begin finish

Prefixes and suffixes

prefix suffix
renewable changeable
nonrenewable happiness
recycle useless

Words and expressions

getting hotter produce gases
in history absorb carbon
dioxide
is caused by stay in the air
reasons for cut down trees
climate change get worse
such as need to use
avoid cutting start recycling
slow down stop putting
recycle more in landfill sites
keep clean types of

Confusing words
weather whether
change charge

26
site side
solar lunar
planet plant

Irregular verbs
give gave given
cut cut cut
make made made
get got got

Language Notes
1. get + 
Our planet is getting hotter.

2. reasons for ‫ب‬‫ أ‬/ causes of ‫ب‬‫أ‬

There are many reasons for climate change.
What is the cause of the accident?

3. avoid + v + ing 

We must avoid cutting down trees.

4. start + V + ing / to + ‫ر‬

We must start recycling more rubbish.

5. weather ‫ ا‬/ climate ‫خ‬

What is the weather like today?
Climate change is a dangerous problem.

27
 Exercises

1. Complete with words from the list

charging - changing - fires - buyers - reasons - cutting

Our planet is getting hotter and our weather is (1)................. There are more
floods, droughts and forest (2).......... than at any time in history. One of the
(3)................for this is climate change. We must avoid (4).............down trees.

2. Choose the correct answer from a, b , c or d

1. Air...................means damage caused to the air by chemicals and waste.
a. pollution b. balloon c. way d. line
2. A....................site is a place where people leave rubbish on the land.
a. funfair b. planetarium c. landfill d. landlord
3. ........................Ice means a problem in the Arctic and Antarctic because of
global warming.
a. Melting b. Floating c. Ringing d. Wasting
4. When all the trees in an area are cut down means...............
a. deforestation b. globalization c. flood d. drought
5. ............... seas means something that can kill coral reefs.
a. Warmer b. Burner c. Ice d. Flying
6. A................is a very large amount of water that covers an area.
a. drought b. fire c. flood d. blood
7. Climate.....................is a serious problem.
a. charge b. chat c. change d. share
8. You must avoid..................mistakes.
a. make b. makes c. making d. made
9. What is the.................for his death?
a. reason b. causes c. results d. advantages
10. The energy from the sun is called.......................
a. lunar b. solar c. ruler d. caller
10. The antonym of "renewable" is....................
a. new b. modern c. nonrenewable d. renewal
11. ...................is the same as "take in" .
a. Upload b. Download c. Absorb d. Disturb
12. The prefix ".............." means use again.
a. re b. ir c. il d. dis
13. The suffix" ............" gives the opposite of "useful".
a. ness b. ship c. less d. il
14. Fossil fuels are..................sources of energy.
a. renewable b. nonrenewable c. recyclable d. modern
15. Paper can be reused again. "Reused" means.............
a. removed b. burnt c. recycled d. travelled
28
Grammar
If ‫ﻄﻆ أﺠﻂﻌب ا ﺤ ط‬ ‫ا ﺗ ﺋ اﻓو‬

‫ا ﺗ ﺋ اﻓو ﻄﻆ أﺠﻂﻌب ا ﺤ ط‬
- :  ‫ن‬‫ و‬‫ وا‬‫ وا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ او ا‬‫ ا‬  ‫و‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬- ١

If ...present simple ( ‫رع‬) ....,  + will / won't+ ‫ر‬

If you play well, you will win.

If he comes early, he may meet them.
If he doesn't study hard, he won't get high marks.

‫ ا‬‫ أو و‬‫ أول ا‬ (if)  ‫ أن‬ - ٢

If he arrives early, he will catch the train.
He will catch the train if he arrives early.

 ‫ن ا‬   ‫ال‬‫ ا‬  - ٣

Will +  + ‫ر‬ .....if +  +  ‫رع‬ .........?

Will you buy the book if you have enough money?

Yes, I will.
No, I won't.

Will she cook food if he helps her?

Yes, she will.
No, she won't.

 ‫ن ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ال‬‫ ا‬  - ٤

‫ ا‬ + will +  + ‫ر‬ ..if +  +  ‫رع‬...?

What will you buy if you get the first prize?

I will buy a mobile if I get the first prize.

Where will he travel if he has a holiday?

He will travel to England if he has a holiday.

29
 Exercises on language

1. Complete with the correct form

1. What will happen if he..................(studied) hard?

2. If he comes late, she will ................(punishes) him.
3. If they.................(aren't) play well, they will lose.
4. If we.............(loves) each other, the world will be a better place.
5. If he helps her,............(she will) get high marks?

2. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d

1. If he.....................rich, he will buy many things.

a. am b. has c. is d. have
2. What will you...................if you win a prize?
a. do b. does c. did d. done
3. If it......................., I won't go outside.
a. rain b. rained c. raining d. rains
4. If he gets enough money, he will................the poor.
a. help b. helping c. helps d. helped
5. He will sell the house if he.....................money.
a. need b. needed c. needing d. needs

30
Unit (8)
Protecting our planet
Lessons (3&4)

Key vocabulary

word meaning word meaning

ink recycling
cartridge weaving
loom threads
volunteer fabric

Vocabulary
word word
project centre
printer magazines
throw away blog
environment tradition
rubbish traditional
plastic weavers
bags university
make into fantastic
colourful problems
chairs research
carpets solution
connected culture
farming transport
history materials
pollution waste
field collect
pieces fishing nets

31
 Reading

Our school recycling project

The problem

Five classrooms in our school have a computer and a printer. At the moment,
we throw away the printer cartridges with the school rubbish. But the ink inside
printer cartridges is very bad for the environment. So we want to start a school
recycling project.

What we are going to do

We have asked our head teacher Mr Hamdi, if we can start a recycling project,
and he said yes. He will let us put a recycling box in classrooms with printers.
We have written emails to all our teachers. We have asked them to put the old
printer cartridges in the recycling boxes.

How you can help us

We will take the recycling boxes to the recycling center every month. But we
need volunteers to help us. If you would like to be a volunteer, please write your
name and email below.

Thank you
Dalida and Sherifa

Hassan's blog

Weaving is an Egyptian tradition, making old plastic bags into long

but there aren't many traditional threads, which they could make into
weavers in Egypt today. So I was fabric on a traditional loom. Then they
surprised to see three weavers used the plastic fabric to make colourful
working on traditional looms when I bags, chairs and small carpets.
visited the Reform Studio in Cairo.
Today, their bags, chairs and carpets
When Mariam Hazem and Hend Riad are sold in shops in Cairo and London.
were students at university, they This is a fantastic project because it is
wanted to do something about great for the environment and great for
plastic rubbish. They found a way of one of our Egyptian traditions!

32
 Words & definitions

weaving ‫ ا‬making cloth, a carpet, a basket etc by crossing threads

traditional ‫ي‬ part of the traditions of a country or group of people
weavers ‫ن‬‫ م‬people whose job is to weave cloth
loom ‫ل ا‬‫ م‬a machine on which thread is woven into cloth
threads  long thin string of cotton, silk used to sew or weave cloth
fabric ‫ش‬ cloth used for making clothes
ink  a coloured liquid used for writing or printing
cartridge ‫ ا‬‫ط‬ a small container that has ink inside

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym
agree accept refuse
let allow prevent
ask inquire answer / reply
traditional old new / modern

Prefixes and suffixes

prefix suffix
recycling traditional
disadvantages colourful
unkind weaver

Words and expressions

at the moment thank you
throw away would like to
very bad for was surprised to

33
want to + ‫ر‬  work on looms
let us + ‫ر‬   at university
write emails to  ‫ت‬‫ ا‬ do something about
put in the boxes ‫د‬   are sold in
found a way of  ‫ ط‬ great for
make into ‫ل ا‬ make bags

Confusing words
weave wave
loom room
ink pink
moment monument

Irregular verbs
weave wove woven
put put put
see saw seen
find found found

Language Notes

1. traditions  ‫دات‬ ‫ او‬ / habits  ‫دات‬

Weaving is an Egyptian tradition.
My habit is to walk along the Nile.

2. want to + ‫ر‬ ... ‫ أن‬

They wanted to do something about plastic rubbish.

3. a way to + ‫ر‬ / a way of + v + ing

They found a way to make threads.
They found a way of making threads.

34
4. made of / from  ‫ع‬ / made into ‫ ا‬ ‫ل او‬
Bags are made of plastic.
Plastic bags are made into threads.

5. let + ‫ل‬ + ‫ر‬ = allow + ‫ل‬ + to + ‫ر‬

He let us put a recycling box in the classroom.
He allowed us to put a recycling box in the classroom.

!!.............. ‫!! ﻄﻐﻆ ﻏﺗﻀ‬.....................‫ل‬ ‫ﻏﻘ ﺠﺂال ﻔ‬

He doesn't allow.....................(to smoke) here.

Exercises

1. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d

1. .............means making cloth, a carpet, a basket etc by crossing threads.

a. Waving b. Weaving c. Cycling d. Recycling
2. ..............means part of the traditions of a country or group of people.
a. Habitat b. Traditional c. Solar d. Lunar
3. ...........are people whose job is to weave cloth.
a. Thieves b. Pilots c. Scientists d. Weavers
4. A...............is a machine on which thread is woven into cloth.
a. loom b. trumpet c. knife d. room
5. Long thin string of cotton, silk used to sew or weave cloth means...............
a. treat b. deal c. threat d. thread
6. .............means cloth used for making clothes.
a. Barbecue b. Fabric c. Statue d. Leather
7. ..............means a coloured liquid used for writing or printing.
a. Gas b. Coal c. Ink d. Sheets
8. A....................is a small container that has ink inside.
a. trunk b. bank c. carriage d. cartridge
9. Our father allowed me.......................the film.
a. watch b. watched c. to watch d. watching
10. Flour is made.....................bread.
a. of b. from c. into d. off
11. The.......................of "let" is "allow".
a. synonym b. opposite c. antonym d. unlike

35
12. We form the name from "weave" we add the suffix....................
a. ing b. less c. ful d. un
13. They found a way of ........................... threads.
a. make b. makes c. made d. making
14. Recycling is great for the environment. This means it is...............
a. useless b. bad c. good d. terrible
15. We asked our teacher to start a project and he said yes. This means he.......
a. refused b. disagreed c. agreed d. laughed

2. Complete the text with words from the list

fabric - make - making - traditional - weaver - weaving

There are a lot of (1).....................arts in Egypt. I learned about the traditional

art of (2)...............at school today. A (3)......................uses a machine called a
loom. This crosses threads under and over each other to (4) ...............fabric.

Grammar
V + ing / to + ‫ﻏ ﻎ ﺳﺛﻊ ﻄﺧﺛر‬ ‫اﻓﺸﺳ ل ا ﺎ‬

(to + ‫ر‬)   ‫ل‬‫ ا‬  - ١

arrange help
plan intend
ask hope
decide expect
refuse want
offer need
promise  learn

We need to buy some bread.

He learned to use the computer.
She refused to help me.
They promised to give me some money.

36
 ( V + ing)   ‫ل‬‫ ا‬ 
avoid feel like
mind practise
go suggest
dislike keep
enjoy miss
He suggested playing computer games.
I don't mind having tea with coffee.
Let's go swimming today.
I feel like eating fish.
We must avoid polluting the environment.

to + ‫ر‬) ‫ ( أو‬v + ing)   ‫ل‬‫ ا‬ 

start remember
like stop
continue forget
begin try

He began to play football.

He began playing football.

I remember sending the letter.

I remember to send the letter.

He stopped drinking tea. (‫ء‬‫ ا‬  )

He stopped to drink tea. (‫ء‬   )

37
 (ing)    ‫ات‬
look forward to object to
in addition to as well as

I am looking forward to visiting Aswan.

In addition to watching TV, he played football.

( to + ‫ر‬)   (love - like - prefer)  (would)  ‫ءت‬ ‫ اذا‬- ٤
I prefer having some tea.
I 'd prefer to have some tea.

Exercises on Language

1. Complete the sentences with the correct form

1. We decided................(buying) a new house.
2. He enjoys....................(to write) short stories.
3. She suggested..................(to swim) in the sea.
4. Would you like............(playing) football?
5. He stopped...............(to drink) tea because it is bad for health.

2. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d

1. He promised....................me some money.

a. give b. to gives c. gave d. to give
2. Please, avoid.................late.
a. come b. coming c. to come d. comes
3. He suggested......................in the park.
a. walk b. walks c. walked d. walking
4. I am looking forward to..................my friends.
a. meet b. met c. meeting d. meets
5. I'd prefer.............................a cup of coffee.
a. drink b. drinks c. drinking d. to drink

38
Unit (8)
Protecting our planet
Lessons (5,6&7)

Key vocabulary
word meaning word meaning
seagrass safe
along healthy
including climate
coast absorb
herbs familiar

Vocabulary
word word
rainforests transport
that's why industry
disappear solutions
however conclusion
environmental take turns
nevertheless members
square contrast
conclude ocean
speech coral reefs
washing up global warming
lights living room
breathe jewellery
balcony tourists
spider plants colourful
attractive diver

39
 Reading

Seagrass is found in the sea along the coast of many countries. It is food for
many sea animals, including turtles. Baby fish and sea animals live in seagrass
because it is a safe place.

Seagrass helps keep the sea healthy and it can help stop climate change. This
is because seagrass absorbs 10% of the ocean's carbon dioxide every year.
Seagrass absorbs carbon dioxide 35 times faster than rainforests. That is why
seagrass can help stop climate change.

About 90% of all seagrass has disappeared from the UK's coast in the last 100
years. However, there is an environmental project in the UK that is growing
new seagrass. When the plants are big enough, divers will plant them along the
coast. The plants will still be quite small. Nevertheless, they will grow into
20,000 square metres of seagrass

Listening

1. Today I am going to talk about plants in the house. Not everyone has them, but
I think you should.

2. I'd like to start by saying that plants are very good for your health.

3. To begin with, plants breathe out oxygen, which is a gas that we need to
breathe. Also, plants often absorb pollution in the air, making it cleaner for us.

4. In the next part of my speech, I'd like to talk about where to put your plants.
Some plants smell nice, so I put these in my balcony. And you can eat the
leaves of plants called herbs, so put these in your kitchen! Spider plants look
attractive, so I put them in an open place, like the living room.

5. I'd like to finish by saying that it is best to choose plants that grow naturally in
Egypt. They will look better in your house since they will look familiar. Plants
that grow naturally in Egypt are easier to take care of.

40
 Words & definitions
seagrass ‫ي‬  a plant which lives in the sea, usually near the coast
disappear  to become impossible to see any longer
diver ‫اص‬ someone who swims or works under water
speech  is a formal talk about a particular subject
attractive ‫اب‬ beautiful and pleasant
naturally ‫ ط‬ in a way that is the result of nature
familiar ‫ف‬ well-known to you and easy to recognize

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym
attractive beautiful ugly
familiar known unfamiliar
disappear vanish appear

Prefixes and suffixes

prefix suffix
unfamiliar attractive
disappear beautiful
impossible environmental

Words and expressions

is found in absorbs 10%
the coast of faster than
food for that is why
including turtles stop climate change
live in disappear from

41
a safe place environmental project
keep healthy everyone has
along the coast breathe out
quite small look attractive

Confusing words
breathe breath
along a long
coast cost
divers drivers
quiet quite

Irregular verbs
find found found
keep kept kept
grow grew grown

Language Notes

1. since  / since ‫ن‬

He has lived here since he was born.
They won't buy the house since it is expensive.

2. enough + ‫ ا‬/  + enough

He doesn't have enough money.
When the plants are big enough, divers will plant them.

3. reason for + ‫ ا‬..v + ing / reason why +  

What is the reason for your absence?
Can you give me a reason why you were absent?

42
4. along ‫ذاة‬ ‫ل او‬ / a long + ‫ا‬...... ‫ط‬
They will plant the grass along the coast.
It is a long distance, we can't walk.

5. that is why = so 

He doesn't study hard that's why he always gets bad marks.

6. However / Nevertheless / although / but ‫ ا‬ 

He played well, however he lost the match.
What you said was true. It was, nevertheless, a little unkind.

Exercises

1. Finish the following dialogue

Mohamed is talking to a tourist

Mohamed : Are you visiting Egypt on business or on holiday?

Tourist : (1) ………………………………………………………………………
Mohamed : (2)..................................................................................?
Tourist : I come from London.
Mohamed : (3) ……………………………………………. …………..?
Tourist : Big Ben is the most famous place in London.
Mohamed : What interests you most in Egypt?
Tourist : (4)…………………………………………………………………
Mohamed : I hope you will enjoy your tour in our country.
Tourist : (5)............................................................................

2. Choose the correct answer from a, b c or d

1. A plant which lives in the sea, usually near the coast, is called.............
a. seaside b. sailor c. sweet d. seagrass
2. ......................is to become impossible to see any longer.
a. Appear b. Known c. Disappear d. Save
3. A..............is someone who swims or works under water.
a. diver b. astronaut c. dyer d. driver
43
4. A.................is a formal talk about a particular subject.
a. email b. blog c. block d. speech
5. ......................means beautiful and pleasant.
a. Ugly b. Dirty c. Attractive d. Noisy
6. ................means in a way that is the result of nature.
a. Naturally b. Industry c. Manually d. Artificially
7. Well-known to you and easy to recognize means.................
a. familiar b. unfamiliar c. unknown d. difficult
8. Solar energy is a form of.......................energy.
a. renewable b. ancient c. nonrenewable d. lazy
9. ....................warming is a serious problem.
a. Global b. Local c. Joker d. Poor
10. Trees....................carbon dioxide. This means they take it in.
a. blow b. breath c. absorb d. produce
11. We enjoy................... our rubbish. It's fun and it helps the environment.
a. eating b. drinking c. wasting d. recycling
12. Impossible and possible are..................
a. equal b. synonyms c. antonyms d. same
13. Known is the synonym of.........................
a. disappear b. unfamiliar c. familiar d. unknown
14. Rubbish that isn't recycled is put into................
a. ovens b. cookers c. fridges d. landfill sites
15. This form of energy is sustainable. We can use it again. This means it is........
a. vanish b. end c. nonrenewable d. renewable

3. Write about (110) words on

A review of how to protect our planet

44
 Test Unit (8)
1. Finish the following dialogue (5 M)
Basant asks her father some questions

Basant Hi dad. How long have you worked at this company?

Father (1)......................................................................
Basant 10 years! (2)......................................................?
Father I first lived in Cairo.
Basant (3).....................................................................?
Father Yes, I travelled to the USA.
Basant How did you travel?
Father (4).................................................................
Basant Do you like your job?
Father (5)..................................................................

2. Read and complete the text with words from the list (4 M)

side - sites - recycling - burn - burning - renewable

If we keep (1).......................fossil fuels, climate change will get worse. So, we

need to use cleaner (2).........................energy such as solar energy and wind
power. We must start (3)...........................more rubbish and stop putting
rubbish in landfill (4)..................... If we recycle more paper, we can avoid
cutting down our forests.

3. Read the following text, then answer the questions (6 M)

Tourists have come to Egypt for hundreds of years to see the wonders of the
ancient world such as the pyramids, temples and other monuments. It is a
wonderful experience for them. Tourists have also come to experience the
wonderful natural world such as the desert and the Red Sea.
There are a lot of activities to do by the Red Sea. Some people love relaxing on
the beach, while others like doing something more exciting like snorkelling.
Snorkelling has been popular for many years and people have come to Egypt to
swim in the Red Sea for a long time. Dahab has been a popular destination
since 1960. This is because the water in Dahab is among the best in the world
for snorkelling. There are beautiful coral reefs and there are some amazing sea
animals, such as the dugong and the lionfish. We have to encourage and
welcome tourists to visit Egypt in the future.

45
a. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d
1-………………………… are activities that people can do by the Red Sea.
a. The pyramids, temples and other monuments.
b. Wonderful natural world.
c. Relaxing on the beach and snorkelling.
d. The Red Sea and Dahab.
2. Dahab has become a popular destination since..…………………
a. 1936 b. 1960 c. 1906 d. 1926
3. The main idea of the passage is.…………………
a. When do tourists visit Egypt?
b. Coral reefs
c. Sea animals
d. Why do tourists come to Egypt?

b. Answer the following questions

4. What are the examples of the natural world in the text?
5. Summarize the first paragraph of the text in two lines?
6. Do you think that more tourists will visit Egypt in the future?
4. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d (3 M)
1. When all the trees in an area are cut down this means.....................
a. civilization b. relation c. population d. deforestation
2. The prefix ".............." means again.
a. re b. il c. un d. dis
3. We get the adjective from the verb "renew" by adding.............
a. able b. ing c. ly d. ily
4. "Beautiful" and "ugly" are...........................
a. antonyms b. adjectives c. synonyms d. A & B
5.The.......................of "let" is "allow".
a. synonym b. opposite c. antonym d. unlike
6. We asked our teacher to start a project and he said yes. This means he.......
a. refused b. disagreed c. agreed d. laughed

5. Complete the following sentences with the correct form (5 M)

1. There is no bread, so we need.......................... (go) to the baker's.
2. My father stopped................. (to smoke), he no longer smokes.
3. Our environment will be cleaner if we......................(recycling) our rubbish.
4. You should avoid....................... (to sit) on the wall, it is dangerous.
5. 4. If you want to get high marks, .......................(will study) hard.

6. Write a review of about (110) words on: (7 M)

"Things we can recycle"

46
Unit (9)
Build a greener world
Lessons (1&2)

Key vocabulary
word word
sustainable battery
products energy-saving
seedlings light bulb
rechargeable footprint
Vocabulary
word word
reusable communities
bamboo wind
hairbrush storm
toothbrush provide
affect shopping
climate problems
change cause
floods the Mediterranean
rising crops
sea level mangrove
seawater protect
farms forests
salt along
solve the Red Sea
solution environmental
together kill

47
 Reading

Climate change
Climate change means that many countries have more floods now because of
rising sea levels. Most trees and plants can't live in seawater. When seawater
comes onto farms, the salt in the water kills the crops and farmers can't grow
anything for many years. So, people lose their farms and their homes.
However, in hot countries like Egypt, mangrove trees grow in the sea along the
coast. Mangrove forests protect farms and communities from strong winds and
storms. They provide homes for plants, fish and sea animals. If there were more
mangrove trees, there would be fewer floods.
Now in Egypt, people are growing thousands of mangrove seedlings to plant
along the Red Sea coast. The problems caused by rising sea levels could get
worse if they didn't plant new mangrove forests. So, they are going to plant
300,000 seedlings every year. When they grow into mangrove forests, they will
protect the coast from rising sea levels.

Words & definitions

seedling a young plant or tree grown from a seed
crops plants such as wheat, rice, or fruit that are grown by
farmers
mangrove a tropical tree that grows in or near water
sustainable able to continue without causing damage to the
environment
light bulb the glass object inside a lamp that produces light

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym
grow plant harvest
live survive die
protect save damage
rise go up fall

48
 Prefixes and suffixes
prefix suffix
infamous coastal
unfriendly useful
dislike quickly

Words and expressions

have more floods along the coast
because of protect from
rising sea levels provide for
in seawater home for
kill the crops caused by
for many years get worse
in hot countries solve problems

Confusing words
countries continents
farm form
strong strange
few view
plant planet

Irregular verbs
rise rose risen
grow grew grown
get got got
know knew known

49
 Language Notes

1. rise - rose - risen  - ‫داد‬

The sun is rising in the sky.

2. raise ‫ل‬  - ‫ت‬‫ام‬  - ‫ة‬ 

Charities raise money to help the poor.
Students raise their hands to answer the questions.

3. provide + ‫ء‬ + for +  = provide +  + with + ‫ء‬

Our father provides money for us.
Our father provides us with money.

4. get + ........ 

The problem is getting worse.

5. protect.......from / against  ‫ او‬ 

Exercises can protect you from heart disease.
The cover protects my car against dust.

Exercises

1. Finish the following dialogue (5 M)

Waiter How can I help you?

Abdo (1)...............................................................
Waiter Ok, Here you are. What would you like to have?
Abdo (2)...............................................................
Waiter Fish! (3) ......................................................?
Abdo Yes, I would like a salad.
Waiter (4)..............................................................?
Abdo I would like some juice.
Waiter (5)..............................................................!
Abdo No, thanks.

50
1. Choose the correct answer from a, b , c or d

1. A...................is a young plant or tree grown from a seed.

a. trunks b. crops c. seedling d. seeds
2. ..............are plants such as wheat, rice, or fruit that are grown by farmers.
a. Groups b. Fuels c. Crops d. Jobs
3. A................is a tropical tree that grows in or near water.
a. palm b. mangrove c. prove d. mango tree
4. ..........means able to continue without causing damage to the environment.
a. Nonrenewable b. Sustainable c. Funny d. Free
5. A............... bulb is the glass object inside a lamp that produces light.
a. night b. bite c. site d. light
6. If you want to answer the question,.................your hand.
a. rise b. rose c. risen d. raise
7. "Sustainable" and "nonrenewable" are......................
a. equal b. synonyms c. antonyms d. similar
8. We add the prefix"..........." to give the opposite of "like".
a. dis b. ness c. ly d. ily
9. The government .................. people with health care.
a. provides b. supplies c. prevents d. A & B
10. Climate..................is a bad problem.
a. shape b. charge c. shade d. change
11. The area was covered with water as there was a............
a. drought b. flood c. rain d. fires
12. To form the adjective from "coast" we add the suffix "................".
a. al b. ly c. il d. dis
13. Trees protect us...................pollution.
a. from b. against c. by d. A & B
14. We can raise.........................
a. hands b. money c. animals d. A, B & C
15. Farmers always keep animals on their farms. The word "keep" means........
a. kill b. sell c. buy d. raise

51
Grammar
If ‫ا ﺗ ﺋ ا ﺑ ﻇﻐﺋ ﻄﻆ أﺠﻂﻌب ا ﺤ ط‬

‫ا ﺗ ﺋ ا ﺑ ﻇﻐﺋ ﻄﻆ أﺠﻂﻌب ا ﺤ ط‬
‫ ا‬  ‫رع و‬‫ ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وث ا‬ ‫ ا‬  ‫م‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬- ١

If ...past simple ( ) ....,  + would / could / + ‫ر‬

If you played well, you would win.

If he didn't solve the problem, it could get worse.
If he didn't study hard, he wouldn't get high marks.

‫ ا‬‫ أو و‬‫ أول ا‬ (if)  ‫ أن‬ - ٢

If he arrived early, he would catch the train.
He would catch the train if he arrived early.

‫ء ا‬ ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬‫ ا‬ - ٣

If I were you, I would / wouldn't + ‫ر‬
If I were you, I would study hard.
If I were you, I wouldn't arrive late.

 ‫ه أو‬   (had) ‫ أ‬‫ ا‬  ‫ا‬‫ ا‬‫ن و‬  (were)  ‫م‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ - ٤
If I were rich, I would help the poor. (‫ن‬)
If I had money, I would help the poor. ( - ‫ه‬)

 ‫ن ا‬   ‫ال‬‫ ا‬  - ٣

Would +  + ‫ر‬ .....if +  +   .........?

Would you buy the book if you had enough money?

Yes, I would.
No, I wouldn't.
Would she cook food if he helped her?
Yes, she would.
No, she wouldn't.

52
  ‫ن ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ال‬‫ ا‬  - ٤
‫ ا‬ + would +  + ‫ر‬ ..if +  +  ...?

What would you buy if you got the first prize?

I would buy a mobile if I got the first prize.

Where could he travel if he were rich?

He could travel to England if he were rich.

Exercises on language

1. Complete with the correct form

1. If I............(am) taller, I would play basketball.

2. If I went to England, I would..............(visited) London.
3. What ..............(will) you do if you had money?
4. If he cut his hand, we...............(will) take him to hospital.
5. If he arrived early, ............(he would) catch the train?

2. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d

1. If I were them, I ...................come late for school.

a. will b. won't c. would d. wouldn't
2. If I...................money, I would buy a new car.
a. am b. has c. were d. had
3. If they.................... well, they would lose.
a. played b. play c. don't play d. didn't play
4. If they didn't plant trees, the problem could...............worse.
a. be b. get c. was d. A & B
5. He would travel abroad if he..................... a passport.
a. has b. have c. had d. having

53
Unit (9)
Build a greener world
Lessons (3&4)

Key vocabulary
word meaning word meaning
enormous promise
destroy remote
power sustainable
produce frightened
Vocabulary
word meaning word meaning
surprised damage
factory repair
pollution important
kill workers
river area
special environment
difficult air conditioning
worried especially
an answer summer
problem rechargeable
plan batteries
agree shopping
partner give up
reduce vegetables
inexpensive simple
electricity roof

54
 Reading

The Iron Woman

One day, a girl called Lucy was surprised to see the Iron Woman. She was
enormous, with big red eyes. Lucy was frightened, but she found that the
woman wanted Lucy to help her. Lucy’s father worked at a factory and the Iron
Woman asked her where the factory was. Pollution from the factory was killing
all the fish in the river, so she wanted to destroy it.
The Iron Woman had special powers so that she was able to make all the
factory workers become fish. The workers all had to live in the river and
started to understand how difficult life was for the fish.
Lucy wanted to help the Iron Woman, but she was worried about her father. So
after the Iron Woman left, Lucy called a boy called Hogarth. He was friends
with the Iron Man.
‘If you brought the Iron Man here,’ said Lucy, ‘we could find an answer to the
problem.’ The next day, Lucy met Hogarth and the Iron Man at the factory.
When the Iron Woman arrived, the Iron Man told her that he had a plan. Soon,
the Iron Woman let them become people again. They could stay people if they
promised that the factory would not produce any more pollution. They all
agreed, and the river became clean once more.

Reading (2)

What do you do to help the environment?

Have you given up anything?

We're using the air conditioning less often. In summer when it's very hot,
that's difficult, especially at night, but you get used to it. We can't use our
computer less often, though, because we need it for work.
Dom and Julia Baldwin, USA

I always used to get the newest phone. I have stopped doing that now
because it isn't sustainable. Oh, and now I use rechargeable batteries for the
TV remote control and my computer mouse.
Sawsan, Egypt.

I live in the country and I need to have a car. I've bought an electric car
because it's greener. Also, I always take a reusable bag when I go shopping.
Greta, Australia

55
We are going to give up living in the city because we want to grow our own
vegetables and live a simpler life. If we stayed in the city, we wouldn't be able to
do that.
Luc and Emile, France

Words & definitions

enormous very big in size or in amount
destroy to damage something so badly
power the ability or right to control people or events
produce to create or make
promise to say that you will do something
remote not near, far away
sustainable good for the environment or continuous
frightened feeling afraid

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym
cheap inexpensive expensive
reduce decrease increase
enormous huge small - tiny

Prefixes and suffixes

prefix suffix
inexpensive renewable
rechargeable amazing
reusable sadness

Words and expressions

was surprised to see worried about
with big eyes was friends with

56
wanted to find an answer to
work at factory has a plan
in the river produce pollution
had special power give up
was able to used to get
at night go shopping
need for work make electricity
an electric car on the roof

Confusing words
pollution population
called cold
bought boat
ski sky

Irregular verbs
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
come came come
give gave given

Language Notes

1. promise to + ‫ر‬ / promise that +  .........

He promised to help me.
He promised that he would help me.

2. give up + V + ing .....   = stop doing

My father gave up smoking a week ago.

57
3. let + ‫ل‬ + ‫ر‬ ............ 
The Iron Woman let them become people again.

4. special ‫ او ط‬ ‫ص‬ / private  ‫ أو‬ 

Nurses wear special uniforms.
We have a private house with a garden.

5. with + ‫ء‬..........  ‫ او‬ = has / have

She was enormous with big red eyes.

Exercises

1. Choose the correct answer from a, b c or d

1. ....................means very big in size or in amount

a. Small b. Tiny c. Enormous d. Thin
2. To damage something so badly means...................
a. enjoy b. save c. rescue d. destroy
3. .............is the ability or right to control people or events.
a. Flower b. Fire c. Flood d. Power
4. ................is to create or make.
a. Introduce b. Produce c. Fuel d. Kill
5. .................means to say that you will do something
a. Promise b. Damage c. Forget d. Reject
6. ...............means not near, far away.
a. Close b. Remote c. Silly d. Clear
7. Good for the environment or continuous means...........
a. nonrenewable b. ended c. harmful d. sustainable
8. ..................means feeling afraid.
a. Kind b. Brave c. Frightened d. Famous
9. Very big is the.....................of enormous.
a. synonym b. opposite c. antonym d. different
10. To give the opposite of "expensive" we add the prefix "................"
a. im b. in c. dis d. miss
11. We get the .....................of "amaze" by adding the suffix "ing".
a. noun b. verb c. adverb d. adjective
12. She promised......................help me.
a. that b. to c. of d. off
13. The room is hot, please turn on the air.......................
a. pollution b. conditioning c. line d. fun

58
14. I saw a girl with blue eyes. The word "with" here means she ......blue eyes.
a. had b. wears c. sold d. touched
15. My father stopped smoking. This means he.....................smoking.
a. started b. began c. gave up d. took

2. Read and complete the text with words from the list (4 M)

bad - sustainable - rechargeable - control - get - getting

I always used to (1).............................the newest phone. I have stopped doing
that now because it isn't (2)................. Oh, and now I use (3)...............batteries
for the TV remote (4)............................... and my computer mouse.

Grammar
used to ‫ﻎ‬ ‫ا ﺎﺳﺊﻐ ﺲﻆ ﺲ ده ﺸﻎ ا‬

‫ن م‬‫ث ا‬ ‫ و‬‫ ا‬ ‫ث‬ ‫م‬ ‫دة‬   - ١

 + used + to + ‫ر‬ ..................
He used to arrive early, but now he doesn't.
She used to be lazy, but now she isn't.

‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ م‬‫ ا‬  - ٢

 + didn't + use to + ‫ر‬ .........

He didn't use to study hard.

They didn't use to get energy from the sun.

 ‫ال‬‫ن ا‬ ()  ‫ال‬‫ ا‬  - ٣

Did +  + use to + ‫ر‬...........?

Did you use to play football?

Yes, I used to play football.
No, I didn't use to play football.

 ‫ال‬‫ن ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ال‬‫ ا‬  - ٤

‫ ا‬ + did +  + use to + ‫ر‬..........?

What did you use to do?

I used to swim in the sea.

59
 Exercises on language

1. Complete with the correct form

1. We used to.................(gets) our shopping in bags.

2. She.............................(doesn't) use to come late.
3. What did Ali.................(used) to eat?
4. Did he use to...................(working) to a plan?
5. She used to be lazy, but now she..................(doesn't) lazy.

2. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d

1. My father used to......................on a ship.

a. work b. works c. worked d. working
2. Where did they........................to live? - In Tanta.
a. uses b. used c. using d. use
3. She used to...............clever at cooking, but now she isn't.
a. be b. was c. were d. did
4. Ehab didn't.....................to play well, but now he does.
a. used b. uses c. using d. use
5. We didn't use to visit Aswan, but we..................now.
a. do b. does c. did d. were

60
Unit (9)
Build a greener world
Lessons (5,6&7)

Key vocabulary
word meaning word meaning
region landscape
desertification initiative
creating seedling
energy - saving sustainable

Vocabulary
word word
report living thing
Africa crops
set up improve
solve reduce
Sahel region air conditioning
growing light bulb
wall protect
climate environment
change project
drought batteries
bamboo products
farm solar panels
across electricity
wind turbine survey
results description

61
 Reading

The Great Green Wall

This report is about a green initiative in Africa called the Great Green Wall.
This initiative was set up in 2007 by the African Union to solve the problem of
desertification in the Sahel region of Africa.
Desertification happens when green land becomes desert. In the Sahel
region, this has happened because climate change is creating more
droughts every year and people do not always farm the land well. People
cannot grow food and they are losing their farms and homes.
The Great Green Wall initiative will plant millions of trees, seedlings and
plants across Africa from west to east, to create a growing, green
landscape. When it is finished, the wall will be 8,000 km long. It will be the
biggest living thing in the world. It will create jobs for 10 million people. The
trees and plants will improve the land for farming again, and people will be
able to grow crops.
The Great Green Wall will improve the lives of everyone who lives in the Sahel
region. It will also help reduce the problems caused by climate change for
the whole world.

Reading (2)

There are many green initiatives across the world which are helping to
protect the environment. There are projects to build solar farms to create
green energy. There are projects to plant seedlings and trees to give us
cleaner air. At home, people are choosing to use rechargeable batteries and
energy-saving light bulbs. Some people are buying more made of bamboo
which is sustainable and doesn't cause pollution. Some people are even
using air conditioning less often because it uses so much energy. What can
you do to help protect the environment?

62
 Words & definitions

region a large area of a country or of the world

desertification when farm land changes into desert
landscape a view showing an area of land
creating making or producing
farming growing crops or keeping animals on a farm
improve to make something better, or to become better
initiative an important plan to achieve an aim or solve problems

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym
grow plant harvest
finish end start
reduce decrease increase

Prefixes and suffixes

prefix suffix
unimportant farming
inactive pollution

Words and expressions

on the map create jobs
south of for farming
used to be be able to
become desert grow crops
reasons why improve the life of
was set up reduce the problems
solve the problem cause by
farm well for the whole world

63
plant trees across the world
from west to east build solar farms
cause pollution write a list of

Confusing words
across cross
well will
farm form
improve prove

Irregular verbs
become became become
lose lost lost
build built built
choose chose chosen

Language Notes

1. long = in length
The wall will be 8.000 km long.
The wall will be 8.000 km in length.

2. from...........to................. ‫ ا‬.... 
They will plant trees across Africa from west to east.

3. create / provide jobs ‫ وظ‬

This project will create jobs for 10 million people.

4. everyone +  

Everyone is at home.
Everyone has a seat.

5. 10 million people ‫ن‬ ١٠ / 40 thousand tourists ‫ أ‬٤٠

‫د‬  ‫د‬  ‫ء‬ ‫( اذا‬million - thousand - hundred - billion)  ‫د‬‫ظ ا‬‫أ‬
10 million people have visited Egypt.
Two hundred pounds were spent yesterday.

64
 Exercises

1. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c , or d

1. An...................is an important plan to achieve an aim or solve problems.
a. solution b. suggestion c. initiative d. thought
2. .....................means making or producing.
a. Dying b. Disappearing c. Creating d. Throwing
3. A.................is a view showing an area of land.
a. landscape b. landfill c. plate d. area
4. A large area of a country or of the world is a.....................
a. region b. season c. reason d. result
5. ...................means growing crops or keeping animals on a farm.
a. Recycling b. Forming c. Farming d. Harming
6. To make something better, or to become better means .................
a. disprove b. approve c. remove d. improve
7. ................is when farm land changes into desert.
a. Desertification b. Infection c. Globalization d. Civilization
8. "Reduce" and "increase" are ...............
a. similar b. synonyms c. antonyms d. the same
9. We add the prefix ''................" to get the opposite of ''active''.
a. in b. im c. dis d. il
10. "Lose" is the opposite of......................
a. miss b. win c. fail d. fill
11. We couldn't cross the river. The word ''cross'' here is a...............
a. verb b. noun c. adjective d. adverb
12. Sometimes I get very cross with my children. The word cross here means....
a. happy b. angry c. kind d. pleased
13. Solar..................are used to make electricity.
a. poles b. pools c. panels d. tunnels
14. four................tourists visited Egypt last year.
a. millions b. billions c. hundreds d. million
15. Some products are sustainable. This means they ...............
a. are continuous b. cause no damage c. nonrenewable d. A & B

1. Complete the sentences with the correct form

1. More land.......... (become) desert if there were more droughts.
2. We used.......... (waste) water, but now we try to save water.
3. If there .................(are) more mangrove trees, there would be fewer floods.
4. Would you buy solar panels for your house if you.......(have) enough money?
5. We .............(don't) use to use energy-saving light bulbs, but we do now.

65
 Exam Unit (9)

1. Finish the following dialogue (5 M)

Atef What are you reading?

Hamdi (1)....................................................................
Atef What is the article about?
Hamdi (2)....................................................................
Atef Global warming!..............................................?
Hamdi It means the increase of temperature.
Atef Can we solve this problem?
Hamdi (3)....................................................................
Atef (4)....................................................................?
Hamdi We can solve it by planting more trees.
Atef (5).....................................................................

2. Read and complete the text with words from the list (4 M)

give - stay - stayed - grow - simpler - easier

We have lived in the city for many years. We are going to (1).................. up living
in the city because we want to (2)........................ our own vegetables and live a
(3)..........................life. If we (4)..................in the city, we wouldn't be able to do
that.

3. Read the following text, then answer the questions (6 M)

A students and his professor saw a pair of old shoes lying in the path. It
belonged to a poor man who worked in a field nearby. The student wanted to
play a trick on him, but the professor refused. They agreed on putting a coin
into each shoe and hide themselves to watch how that would affect the poor
man. The man soon came to the place where he had put his shoes. While
slipping his foot into one of his shoes, he felt the coin. The man put it into his
pocket. When he proceeded to put on the other shoe, he found the other coin.
His feelings overcame him and he jumped over with joy thanking God. The man
spoke of his sick wife and his hungry children. The student was deeply affected
and his eyes filled with tears. “Now, said the professor,” isn’t it much better
than playing your trick? “the student said that his professor had taught him a
lesson to remember.

66
a. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d
1. The lesson behind this passage is to ………………..
a. play a trick on the poor b. put a coin in each shoe
c. speak of your sick wife d. try to help poor people
2. …………….…….. owned the old shoes.
a. The student b. The professor
c. The poor man d. The rich man
3. When the poor man found the two coins he was ………………………….
a. sad b. pleased c. angry d. unhappy
b. Answer the following questions
1. Did the student play the trick?
2. Why did the professor refuse to play a trick on the man ?
3. What do you think the poor man will do with the money?

4. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d (3 M)

1. A...................is a young plant or tree grown from a seed.
a. trunks b. crops c. seedling d. seeds
2. To form the adjective from "coast" we add the suffix "................".
a. al b. ly c. il d. dis
3. Very big is the.....................of enormous.
a. synonym b. opposite c. antonym d. different
4. To give the opposite of "expensive" we add the prefix "................"
a. im b. in c. dis d. miss
5. "Reduce" and "increase" are ...............
a. similar b. synonyms c. antonyms d. the same
6. Farmers always keep animals on their farms. The word "keep" means........
a. kill b. sell c. buy d. raise

5. Complete the following sentences with the correct form (5 M)

1. We used to...........................(getting) our shopping in bags.
2. He used to be lazy, but now she............................(doesn't) lazy.
3. If I......................(am) rich, I would help the poor.
4. What ..........................(will) you do if you had money?
5. If he studied hard, ..........................(he would) get high marks?

6. Write a review of about (110) words on: (7 M)

"renewable forms of energy"

67
Unit (10)
To space and back
Lessons (1&2)

Key vocabulary

word word
satellite telescope
station international
events astronomer
astronaut lenses

Vocabulary

word meaning word

space assistant
produce university
scientist Finland
rubbish explore
solve stars
waste ancient
real flood
competition century
jets orbit
recycle solar system
village objects
graduated gravity
engineering spacecraft

68
 Reading

Prize-winning Egyptian helps NASA

For many years, NASA has been trying to understand what it can do with
the rubbish that space journeys produce. Scientists have been looking for
ways to solve the problem of rubbish. Astronauts use a lot of plastic, paper
and other waste on their journeys to space. This can be a real problem. So
NASA started a competition, asking the world's best scientists to try and find
a solution. Ayman Ragab is an Egyptian scientist who has always been
interested in space science. In 2019, he entered NASA's competition and
came second. Ayman suggested using jets of air to make the waste smaller
and then help to recycle it.
Ayman is from the village of al - Dababiya near Luxor and graduated in
Engineering from Aswan University. He has worked as a teaching assistant at
the same university and now works as a researcher for a university in
Finland. Since he won his prize, he has worked on NASA's Technology
Transfer Project which looks at how to use the latest technology in space,
and he has recently found ways to save energy when there is little gravity.

Reading (2)
Exploring space - past and present
The stars and the planets have always been important to us. In ancient times,
people knew what time of year it was by looking at where the stars were in
the sky. The Ancient Egyptians discovered that a star called Sirius appeared
in the sky just before the Nile flooded. An astronomer from the 2nd century,
called Ptolemy, believed that the sun orbited the Earth. It was a popular idea
that people believed for many centuries. Islamic astronomers in the 11th-13th
centuries thought that the idea might be wrong.
In 1532, the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus showed that the Earth orbited
the sun, but he hadn't published his ideas until just before he died.
Copernicus hadn't wanted people to know about his ideas while he was alive,
because he knew they would be unpopular.
Before the beginning of the 17h century, astronomers had only studied space
with their own eyes. Then, in 1608, the telescope was invented. The Italian
astronomer Galileo improved the design. He made the lenses stronger so that
he could study the planets in our solar system.
The modern age is an exciting time for space discovery. We can see objects
that are far away in space and look for life on other planets. What discoveries
do you think we will make in the future?

69
 Words & definitions
astronaut a person who travels into space
researcher a person who studies something carefully
satellite a machine in space that goes round the Earth
gravity the force that attracts things or people to the centre
of the Earth
space station a large spacecraft where people live and work
telescope a piece of equipment you use to see things that are
far away
orbit go round
voyage a long journey in a ship or spacecraft

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym
understand see misunderstand
real true untrue
important essential useless

Prefixes and suffixes

prefix suffix
unpolluted interesting
impossible researcher
dislike useful

Words and expressions

for many years be interested in
has been trying came second
produce rubbish suggested using
look for ways make smaller
solve the problem graduated in
on their journeys work as

70
find a solution researcher for
won a prize find ways to
save energy from the 2nd century
in solar system improve the design

Confusing words
compete complete
prize price
event invent
since science

Irregular verbs
win won won
teach taught taught
show showed shown
think thought thought

Language Notes

1. prize  ‫ة‬ / reward ‫ة‬

Naguib Mahfouz won the Nobel Prize.
His father gave him a reward for passing the exam.

2. journey ‫ ط‬‫ ر‬/ trip  ‫ ر‬/ ‫ة‬ ‫ ر‬/ voyage  ‫ او‬ ‫ ر‬/ flight  ‫ر‬
Our journey across Europe was useful.
We had a day - trip in Cairo.
Our voyage by ship was amazing.

( the) ‫ف‬ ‫م‬ ‫رم‬‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬‫ر‬‫ ا‬  ‫ء‬ ‫ اذا‬- ٣
He is the world's best scientist.
Salah is my greatest player.

71
4. orbit ‫ء‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ور‬ / spin  ‫ل م‬ ‫ور‬
The Earth orbits the sun.
The Earth spins around itself.

5. century  ١٠٠ ‫ن‬ / decade ‫ات‬ ١٠ 

A century is a period of 100 years.
A period of 10 years is a decade.

Exercises

1. Read and complete the text with words from the list (4 M)

journeys - solve - rubbish - have - has - picnic

For many years, scientists (1)................. been trying to understand what it can
do with the (2).................. that space journeys produce. Scientists have been
looking for ways to (3).................. the problem of rubbish. Astronauts use a lot
of plastic, paper and other waste on their (4)................. to space. This can be a
real problem.

2. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d

1. An..................is a person who travels into space.

a. astrologer b. astronaut c. scientist d. astrologer
2. A...............is a person who studies something carefully.
a. search b. charger c. scientists d. researcher
3. A..........is a machine in space that goes round the Earth.
a. satellite b. dish c. storm d. star
4. The force that attracts things or people to the centre of the Earth is.........
a. graffiti b. gravity c. hate d. recycling
5. A.......................station is a large spacecraft where people live and work.
a. space b. speed c. spoke d. sport
72
6. A..............is a piece of equipment you use to see things that are far away.
a. oven b. funnel c. telescope d. microscope
7. .......................means go round something.
a. Swim b. Dive c. Serve d. Orbit
8. A........is a long journey in a ship or spacecraft.
a. trip b. picnic c. voyage d. wander
9. The antonym of " dead" is.....................
a. die b. death c. life d. alive
10. We form the noun from "research" by adding the suffix".............."
a. or b. er c. est d. ed
11. The prefix "multi" means.....................
a. little b. few c. funny d. many
12. They are happy. We can form the opposite by adding.............
a. in b. im c. un d. dis
13. Ahmed Zewail won the Nobel................for chemistry.
a. price b. prize c. souvenir d. reward
14. The Earth goes around the sun. This means.............
a. spins b. orbits c. storms d. kills
15. "Voyage" means a journey in a ship or..............
a. bus b. plane c. train d. spaceship

73
 ‫ﻄ ا ﺳ ﺲﻂ ا ﺪ رع ا ﺎ م‬
Present perfect ‫م‬
‫ﺎ‬ ‫وا ﺪ رع ا ﺎ م ا‬
Present perfect continuous

‫ﺜﺾ أﻊﻃ ﻇﺼ ط ا ﺪ رع ا ﺎ م‬
‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫( و‬have - has)  ‫رع ا‬‫ن ا‬ - ١
He has watched the film.
They have watched the film.
‫د‬ ‫( أو ا‬He - She - It ) ‫ء ا‬ ‫( اذا‬has) ‫ر‬ - ٢
She has cooked lunch.
 ‫( أو ا‬I - We - You - They) ‫ء ا‬ ‫( اذا‬have) ‫ر‬ - ٣
They have taken the money.
(hasn't - haven't) ‫ م‬‫ ا‬  - ٤
Ali hasn't mended the car.
We haven't visited Aswan.

‫ﻏ ﺎﺚﺛم ا ﺪ رع ا ﺎ م ﻄ ا ﺿﻂ ت اﻗ ﻐﺋ‬
‫وث ا‬  ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫ ا‬ (just - already)    - ١
He has already written the email.
He has written the email already.
She has just eaten lunch.
‫ن‬‫ ا‬ ‫وث ا‬   ‫ل‬ ‫ال وا‬‫ ا‬‫ أ‬ (yet)  - ٢
Have you studied English yet?
She hasn't met her friend yet.
‫ال‬‫ ا‬‫ و‬ (ever)  - ٣
Have you ever travelled abroad?
(not)  ‫ ا‬ (never)  - ٤
We have never eaten fish.
‫ث‬‫ة ا‬   (for) ‫ أ‬ ‫ث و‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬  (since)  - ٥
They have lived here since 2020.
They have lived here for 2 years.
‫ك‬ ‫زال‬‫ و‬‫( ذ‬gone to) ‫د أ‬‫ن و‬ ‫ ا‬‫ ذ‬ (been to) ‫ م‬- ٦
He has been to England. (He went to England and came back)
He has gone to England. (He is still in England)
  ‫ و‬ ‫رع‬ (since)   - ٧
She has lived here since she was born.

74
 ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ رع ا ﺎ م ا‬ ‫ا‬

 ‫ن‬ ‫ و‬‫ا‬ ‫زال‬‫أ و‬ ‫ث‬   ‫ ا‬‫رع ا‬‫ ا‬- ١
 + have - has + been + V + ing......

He has been watching the film.

They have been cooking food.
(have - has)  (not) ‫ م‬‫ ا‬  - ٢
He hasn't been playing football.
They haven't been sitting in the park.
 ‫ن ا‬ ()  ‫ال‬‫ ا‬  - ٣
Have - Has +  + been + V + ing........?

Has he been revising for the exam?

Yes, he has been revising for the exam.
No, he hasn't been revising for the exam.

Have you been living in Tanta?

Yes, I have been living in Tanta.
No, I haven't been living in Tanta.
 ‫ن ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬‫ال ا‬‫ ا‬  - ٤

‫ ا‬ + have - has +  + been + V + ing........?

How long have you been working as a teacher?

I have been working as a teacher for 20 years.

ً‫ﻄﻘﺖﺰ ﻊ ﻄﺋ ﺛا‬

‫ا‬ ‫زال‬‫أ و‬ ‫ث‬   ‫ ا‬‫رع ا‬‫ ا‬‫ أ‬‫ث ام‬   ‫رع ا‬‫ا‬
She has cooked lunch. (‫اء‬‫ ا‬‫ ط‬ ‫)ام‬
She has been cooking lunch. (‫اء‬‫ ا‬ ‫زا‬)

75
 Exercises on language

1. Complete with the correct form

1. Someone has...........(broke) the window.

2. I........................(have finished) my homework yet.
3. She has been....................(revised) for the exam.
4. They have been studying...................(since) an hour.
5. Where have you..................(be) waiting?

2. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d

1. I....................travelled by plane.
a. haven't b. isn't c. aren't d. hasn't
2. What have you been.........................?
a. read b. reads c. reading d. to reads
3. Have you........................seen a lion?
a. ever b. yet c. since d. for
4. She has been cooking.....................2 hours.
a. since b. ago c. for d. while
5. I.......................been reading a novel recently.
a. have b. has c. are d. is

76
Unit (10)
To space and back
Lessons (3&4)

Key vocabulary
word word
satellite century
technology GPS
fellow system
toiler weather

Vocabulary

word word
map motorbike
helmet reports
signals together
receiver clouds
continents storms
in vain shows
grain areas
blow astronauts
wheat comfortable
poem invent
rhyme with invention
energy space
sensor headphone
lens braces
light wireless

77
 Reading

We couldn't live without satellite technology

Since the late 20th century, we have used satellite technology for many of
the things we do every day. Our lives would be very different without it. Here
are some of the things that we use satellites for.

GPS- Before satellites were invented; people had always used maps to find
their way. Now, most people use GPS, which uses a system of satellites that
work together. These send signals to receivers on Earth, which work out
where you are. We have GPS in cars, on phones and even in some modern
motorbike helmets!

Weather reports- Satellites allow us to study the weather all around the
world. They send photos of the Earth from space. When these are put
together, they show how clouds and storms are moving.

TV and the internet- Lots of people have satellite TV so that they can watch
their favourite shows and sports matches. The signal goes to a receiver on
the house. In some areas, satellites send signals to the internet, too.

Mobile phones - Have you ever had problems using your phone because the
signal is bad? Satellite phones can work anywhere in the world. They are
very useful in places far from cities, such as on mountains or in deserts.

Reading

I am busy,' said the sea. Up and down and everywhere.

I am busy. Think of me I am busy,' said the air.
making continents to be
I am busy,' said the sea. l am busy,' said the sun.
'All my planets, every one,
I am busy,' said the rain. Know my work is never done.
'When I fall it's not in vain; I am busy,' said the sun.
Wait and you will see the grain.
I am busy,' said the rain. Sea and rain and air and sun,
Here's a fellow toiler - one,
I am busy,' said the air, Whose task will soon be done.
'Blowing here and blowing there,

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 Words & definitions

toiler ‫دح‬ someone who is working hard

in vain ‫ة‬ unsuccessful or useless
continent ‫رة‬ Large areas such as Africa and Asia
grain  a seed or seeds from a plant such as wheat
fellow ‫ ر‬another word for a man
lens  a piece of glass used in cameras or glasses to make
things look bigger
sensor ‫ر‬‫ز ا‬ something which can measure small amounts of light,
heat, sound, etc.
wireless  able to use the internet without wires

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym word antonym
live survive die
many a lot of few
allow let stop - prevent

Prefixes and suffixes

prefix suffix
unsuccessful useless
reuse invention

Words and expressions

live without send signals
the late 20th century allow us to
use for have problems with
to find the way work anywhere
work together far from
on Earth in vain

79
do work do a task
a fellow toiler busy + V + ing

GPS = Global Positioning System .....................................................

Confusing words
fellow follow
signal single
grain green
satellite moon
continent content

Irregular verbs
send sent sent
show showed shown
have had had
find found found

Language Notes

1. find - found - found 

found - founded - founded 
We use The GPS to find our way.
My father founded a company last year.

2. satellite   / moon ‫ ط‬

We use satellites for many things.
The moon orbits the Earth.

3. without + ‫ ا‬/ V + ing ‫ون‬

We can't live without water.

80
4. allow + ‫ل‬ + to + ‫ر‬ = let + ‫ل‬ + ‫ر‬
He allowed us to watch the film.
He let us watch the film.

5. a way ‫ ط‬/ ‫ ط‬/ away 

We must find a way to recycle rubbish.
The park is far away. It is remote.

Exercises

1. Complete with words from the list

communicate - communication - have - has - things - without

Since the late 20th century, we (1)....................... used satellite technology for
many of the (2)...................... we do every day. Our lives would be very
different (3)......................... it. We use satellites for (4)..................and sending
signals.

2. Choose the correct answer from a, b , c or d

1. A............................is someone who is working hard.

a. follow b. toiler c. astronaut d. engineer
2. .....................means unsuccessful or useless.
a. Important b. Useful c. Valuable d. In vain
3. A........................is a large area such as Africa and Asia.
a. control b. content c. continent d. contain
4. ................means a seed or seeds from a plant such as wheat.
a. Grade b. Great c. Grain d. Group
5. A....................is another word for a man.
a. fellow b. woman c. female d. crew
6. A..........................is a piece of glass used in cameras or glasses to make
things look bigger.
a. sense b. prince c. sense d. sail
7. A...................is something which can measure small amounts of light, heat,
sound, etc .
a. sensor b. editor c. email d. sailor

81
8. Able to use the internet without wires means......................
a. firewall b. fireless c. wireless d. homeless
9. We form the adjective from "wire" by adding the suffix.............
a. ly b. less c. ness d. ion
10. the opposite of possible is................................
a. impossible b. useful c. important d. funny
11. We add the prefix "....................." to get the opposite of successful.
a. im b. il c. ir d. un
12. My father "set up" a new company last year. This means he........a company.
a. finds b. founded c. sold d. fired
13. We can't live without........................trees.
a. have b. has c. had d. having
14. The letter "S" in GPS refers to.............................
a. Solar b. Sunny c. Sky d. System
15. A toiler works......................................................
a. hard b. hardly c. lazy d. lazily

3. Write a review of about (110) words on: (7 M)

"the uses of satellites"

82
 Past perfect ‫ﻎ ا ﺎ م‬ ‫ا‬

‫ﻎا ﺎ مﺾ ﻗ ﻎ‬ ‫ ﻏﺎﺿﻌن ا‬- ١

 + had + P.P. + ‫ل‬ .........

He had done his homework before he watched TV.

After they had played football, they ate lunch.

(had)  (not)  ‫ ا‬ – ٢

He didn’t go to the concert because he hadn’t booked the ticket.

 ‫ن ا‬   ‫ال‬‫ ا‬  – ٣

Had +  + P.P. ................?

Had they done their homework?

Had she cooked lunch before going out?
 ‫ن ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬‫ال ا‬‫ ا‬‫أ‬

‫ ا‬ + had +  + P.P. ................?

How long had they lived here before they moved to Cairo?
They have lived here 3 years before they moved to Cairo.

 ‫ن‬ ‫م‬‫ث ا‬‫ وا‬  ‫ن‬ ‫ أو‬ ‫ي‬‫ث ا‬‫ ا‬. ‫ ا‬ ‫ن‬   ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ – ٤
- : ‫ ا‬‫وا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ وذ‬

1 – After = As soon as ..................   ........  

After he had eaten, he watched TV.

As soon as she had arrived, they started the party.

83
2 – Before = By the time .........   ...........  

Before they left, they had washed the dishes.

By the time I reached the station, the train had left.

3 –   ........... till / until ..................  

He didn’t go out until he had taken the money.
She didn’t cook till she had bought her needs.

.  ‫ن‬ ‫ أو‬ ‫ث ا‬‫ ا‬‫ ودا‬‫ وا‬      ‫( و‬when)  ‫ا‬‫ ا‬ – ٥

When he arrived, the train had left. ‫ر‬‫ ا‬  ‫ أي‬ ‫ و‬ ‫در او‬ ‫ر‬‫ ا‬
When he had arrived, the train left. ‫ر‬‫ ا‬ ‫در أي ام‬ ‫ر‬‫ ا‬ ‫ أو‬‫ و‬ 

‫ﺸﻐﺋ ﻊ ﻄﺋ‬ ‫ﻄﺳﻂﻌﻄ ت ا‬

(V + ing ) ‫( م‬after / before)     ‫ – اذا‬٦

After he had done homework, he slept.

= After doing homework, he slept.
Before she went out, she had helped her mother.
= Before going out, she had helped her mother.

(p.p)   ‫ دا‬ ‫( و‬after)    (Having)  ‫ا‬‫ ا‬ – ٧

After he had written the letter, he sent it.

Having written the letter, he sent it.

because  ‫ ا‬‫ وا‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬‫ ا‬ – ٨

Basant was upset because her father hadn’t phoned her.

‫ ا‬ (By / ‫ة‬ /  )  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ – ٩

By 2010, he had learnt to swim.

By 7 o’clock this morning, I had done all my jobs.

84
 Exercises on language

1. Complete with the correct form

1. After he...............(has) bought the book, he read it.

2. They......................(eat) lunch after she had cooked it.
3. Having................(reading) the questions, he began to answer.
4. Before.................(went) out, they had cleaned the room.
5. He didn't sell the car until he had...................(buy) a new one.

2. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d

1. After we .................... the museum, we decide to have lunch.

a. visiting b. has visited c. had visited d. visit
2. Having.................... lunch, they left.
a. eat b. eaten c. ate d. eating
3. By 2010, I .................... French
a. had learnt b. have learnt c. has learnt d. learn
4. Before .................... homework, he had had his lunch.
a. do b. did c. doing d. had done
5. ................he had studied his lessons, he watched TV.
a. Having b. Before c. After d. While

85
Unit (10)
To space and back
Lessons (5,6&7)

Key vocabulary

word word
planetarium space
exhibition station
land spacecraft
international astronauts

Vocabulary

word word
orbit sources
bright astronomer
object flood
together Mars
communication Spanish
Rosetta Stone paper
directions railways
achievement information
safely rocks
asteroid possible
include amazing
difficult history
robot colour photo
telescope expressions

86
 Reading

The International Space Station

1. What is the International Space Station?

The International Space Station is a huge spacecraft 70 km above the Earth.
It's a place where astronauts live and work when they go into space. Most
astronauts stay on the Space Station for about six months.

2. How fast does it travel?

The Space Station orbits the Earth every day. It travels at 27,000 kilometres
an hour. That means that it goes around the Earth every 90 minutes! It's one
of the brightest objects in the sky and you can see it without using a
telescope.

3. When was it built?

Lots of countries worked together to make the Space Station and astronauts
from all around the world have stayed on it. The first piece of the Space
Station went into space in 1998. Since the first astronauts arrived in 2000,
more than 200 astronauts from 19 countries have stayed there.

4. What is life like on the space station?

Life on the Space Station is different from life on Earth in many ways. In
space, washing, sleeping and eating can be difficult! But communication isn't
a problem. Astronauts can send emails or make phone calls to their families
back home.

My trip to the planetarium By Hassan El-Sayed

Last year, I went to the planetarium in Alexandria with my cousin, Magdy. I was
really excited because I hadn't been to a planetarium before. Magdy lives in
Alexandria, so he had visited the planetarium a few times with his family.
We saw a really interesting film about Ancient Egypt. We learned about how the
Ancient Egyptians had studied the stars to find out when the Nile flooded. They
had even used the stars to help them build the pyramids.
After the film, we went to an exhibition about Mars. Did you know a space robot
had explored Mars before the end of the 20th century? It landed on Mars in 1997.
We had an amazing time. We were there all morning, but when we left, we
hadn't seen everything I’d like to back there again one day.

87
 Words & definitions

asteroid  one of the many small planets that move around the sun
huge  extremely large in size, amount, or degree
planetarium ‫و‬  a building where lights show the movements of planets
and stars
ancient  belonging to a time long ago in history
amazing  very good or surprising
explore  to travel around an area in order to find out about it

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym
huge enormous small
above over under - below
difficult hard easy

Prefixes and suffixes

prefix suffix
bicycle receiver
bilingual national

Words and expressions

above the Earth an hour
a place where goes around
go into space in the sky
on the space station without using
How fast? work together
orbit the Earth a piece of
at 27.000 km life on Earth
lives in make phone calls

88
really interesting find out
exhibition about help them build
the end of land on
would like to back there

Confusing words
object subject
sky ski
stars stairs
back pack
Mars March

Irregular verbs
leave left left
build built built
see saw seen
send sent sent

Language Notes

1. orbit ‫ء‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ور‬ / spin ‫ل م‬ ‫ور‬

There are many satellites orbiting the Earth.
The Earth spins itself.

2. astronaut ‫ء‬ ‫ را‬/ astronomer  

An astronaut travels into space.
An astronomer studies stars and planets.

3.  ‫رع‬ since +  /   in + 

He has lived here since 2002.
He lived here in 2002.

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4. bi = two
He is bilingual, he speaks two languages.

5. at 27.000 km an hour
The Space Station travels at 27,000 kilometres an hour.

Exercises

1. Read and complete the text with words from the list (4 M)
flooded - fires - hadn't - hasn't - planetarium - Ancient

Last year, I went to the (1)............................. in Alexandria with my cousin, Magdy. I

was really excited because I (2)................... been to a planetarium before. Magdy
lives in Alexandria, so he had visited the planetarium a few times with his family.
We learned about how the (3)....................... Egyptians had studied the stars to
find out when the Nile (4).............................

2. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d

1. An..............is one of the many small planets that move around the sun.
a. star b. planet c. satellite d. asteroid
2. Extremely large in size, amount, or degree means.....................
a. small b. tiny c. huge d. silly
3. A.........is a building where lights show the movements of planets and stars
a. planetarium b. funfair c. attic d. tomb
4. Belonging to a time long ago in history means...............
a. modern b. new c. advanced d. ancient
5. ................means very good or surprising.
a. Silly b. Amazing c. Boring d. Lazy
6. ..................is to travel around an area in order to find out about it.
a. Explore b. Explode c. Expect d. Accept

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7. He is bilingual. This means he speaks....................languages.
a. one b. three c. two d. no
8. The earth goes around itself. This means it...................
a. orbits b. sings c. rings d. spins
9. "Huge" and " small" are......................
a. same b. similar c. antonyms d. synonyms
10. The synonyms of "hard" is.......................
a. difficult b. easy c. formal d. informal
11. We add the suffix...............to form the adjective from "nation"............
a. lty b. al c. ed d. ing
12. The Earth orbits the sun. The word ''orbit" here is a.............
a. noun b. verb c. adverb d. adjective
13. We studied English..........................2000.
a. for b. since c. in d. on
14. How fast is the car? - This means "what..............is the car?"
a. speed b. height c. length d. weight
15. When there is too much water, then we have a....................
a. fire b. drought c. flood d. fan
3. Complete the following sentences with the correct form (5 M)
1. How long..............(did) they lived here before they moved to Cairo?
2. He didn’t go out until he ..................(taken) the money.
3. Having................(reading) the questions, he began to answer.
4. After.................(had done)homework, he slept.
5. Where have you..................(be) waiting?

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Unit (11)
Media now and in the past
Lessons (1&2)

Key vocabulary

word word
newsreader stuck
web designer damaged
website warning
flood replace

Vocabulary

word word
injured fix
road shopping
unfortunately large
everywhere pipe
hit burst
workers motorbike
cross businesses 
hate owner
stories local
around possible
outside hope
communication information
accident check
piece middle

92
 Reading
Yesterday morning, part of the city to drive on the road. I saw a man on a
centre was under water for more new, blue motorbike who was stuck.
than six hours after a large water He was really cross“. the water has
pipe burst. The road and all the shops now gone and the road is open. They
in the shopping centre were closed will replace the pipe today with a new,
all day. A local witness said: “There strong pipe. Some of the shops are
was a lot of water in the road and the still closed while the owners clean
shops. Some people were still trying their businesses

A TV news programme
Newsreader: "Welcome to the lunchtime news. This is Mariam El-Shazly. This
morning at around 10 am, a water pipe burst outside the Shabana
Supermarket. The road is closed while workers try to fix the pipe. Some of the
local shops are flooded and some cars are stuck in the road. Police Officer: "An
old water pipe in the city centre has burst. People are working to fix it as
quickly as possible and we hope to open the road soon.

Listening

Fatma What job would you like to do when you are older, Reem? I have
been thinking about studying media. I love writing and I am
interested in the news so I think a journalist would be a good job for
me.
Reem You would be amazing at that, Fatma! I think you would be good on
the TV as a newsreader, too!
Fatma No way ! I'd hate to be on TV, I would be so nervous.
Reem A radio presenter then? That would be coo! I'd like to do that.
Fatma Yes, I'd quite like to have a radio show, but I think I'd prefer to work
for a newspaper.
Reem Online news is the future I think! No one will buy newspapers in a
few years. I am going to study to be a web designer.
Fatma Well, may be I will work for online news then. I will write the stories
and you can design the website!
Reem Great! And your brother can be the photographer, he likes taking
photos!
Fatma Good idea!

93
 Words & definitions
camera ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ a person whose job is to film thing
operator
journalist  someone who writes news reports
media ‫ ا‬newspapers, television, the internet and other forms
of communication that give news
newsreader ‫ر‬‫ريء أ‬ a person whose job is to read the news on TV or radio
photographer ‫ر‬ a person whose job is to take photographs
presenter ‫ا‬  a person who presents a programme
web designer ‫ا‬  a person who designs websites
stuck  not able to move
witness  a person who has seen an accident, crime etc.

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym

hate dislike love
large wide narrow
outside outdoors inside / indoors

Prefixes
prefix ‫ا‬ Prefix
inexpensive dislike
infamous misuse
unknown rewrite
Suffixes
Suffix Suffix
beautiful administrative
unfortunately apparently
governor normally

94
 Words and expressions
in city centre as quickly as possible
under water in the middle of
were closed was injured
drive on the road would like to
replace with design websites
try to fix work for
are stuck in don't try to

Confusing words
design resign
hate hat
driver diver
well will

Irregular verbs
burst burst burst
stick stuck stuck
read read read
hit hit hit

Exercises
1. Read and complete the text with words from the list (4 M)
terrorism- important - film - media - who - whose
There are different jobs in the (1)............ these days. There are many people who do
many jobs. All the jobs are very (2)............... A newsreader read the news on a radio
or TV. A journalist writes news reports and articles. A camera operator's job is to
(3)................. things. A presenter presents a programme on a radio or TV. There is
also an important job. It is the job of the director. An editor is the person (4)..........
decides what should be in a newspaper or a magazine.

95
2. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
1. A camera.......................is a person whose job is to film things.
a. project b. lens c. operator d. cover
2. A......................is someone who writes news reports.
a. artist b. journalist c. astronomer d. chemist
3................means newspapers, the internet and other forms of communication.
a. Media b. agriculture c. mining d. Tourism
4. A ..................is a person whose job is to read the news on TV or radio.
a. newsagent b. newsreader c. editor d. linguist
5. A...........................is a person whose job is to take photographs.
a. photographer b. dentist c. clown d. actress
6. A........................is a person who presents a programme.
a. center b. interviewee c. guest d. presenter
7. A web.....................is a person who designs websites.
a. page b. blog c. site d. designer
8. .........................means not able to move.
a. Storm b. Steam c. Stuck d. Flood
9. A.........................is a person who has seen an accident, crime etc.
a. judge b. hairdresser c. maid d. witness
10. Our car was....................because of the accident.
a. dancing b. stuck c. stick d. slim
11. Large and wide are......................
a. adjectives b. synonyms c. antonyms d. A & B
12. ..................! This water is very hot.
a. Warning b. Morning c. Falling d. Singing
13. The police want to talk to Ola and the other...........who saw the accident.
a. weakness b. happiness c. witness d. witless
14. We can't play football because the ball has...........
a. died b. flooded c. burst d. west
15. That...............takes water from the roof of our house to the ground.
a. fine b. pin c. pan d. pipe
16. My father was..................because my young brothers made so much noise.
a. cross b. across c. happy d. lazily
17. We add the prefix"................." to mean do something again.
a. re b. ful c. ness d. dis
18. The antonym of "expensive" is..............................
a. inexpensive c. cheap c. ugly d. A & B
19. The suffix ''ly'' changes polite into.....................
a. noun b. verb c. adjective d. adverb
20. The prefix ''.................'' gives the opposite of ''fortunately''.
a. im b. il c. ir d. un
Write a review of about (110) words on: (7 M)

''Jobs in the media''

‫ة‬‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬‫ت ا‬ ‫ أ‬   ‫ب و‬ ‫ا‬

96
Grammar
Reported speech ‫ﺊ ﺣ وا ﺶﻐ ﻄﺊ ﺣ‬ ‫ا‬

Statement - ‫ا ﺔ ﻂﺋ ا ﺚﺊ ﻏﺋ‬

‫ﺊﺣ‬ ‫ ا‬  ‫اس‬‫ ا‬‫ دا‬‫ ا ﺼﻌل و‬ ‫اس و‬‫رج ا‬    ‫ ا‬ ‫ن‬ - ١

She says to Ali," Ahmed will buy a car."

‫ل‬‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬

  ‫ ا‬  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ات‬

 ‫ل‬‫ ا‬ ‫ل‬ - ١

say say say to tell
says says ‫ل‬    says to tells ‫ل‬  
said said said to told

‫ل‬   ‫( و‬explained - promised - reported...) .. ‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬  ‫ل ا‬‫ ا‬  ‫و‬
   ‫ دا‬ ‫( و‬that)  ‫اس وم‬‫( وا‬,) ‫ف ا‬ - ٢

She says to Ali," Ahmed will buy a car."

She tells Ali that Ahmed will buy a car.

‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ل ا‬  ‫ء‬ ‫ اذا‬‫اس و‬‫ ا‬‫ دا‬‫ ا‬‫ ز‬‫ م‬ ‫رع‬ ‫ل‬‫ ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ اذا‬- ٣

He says, "She is at school."

He says that she is at school.
He said," She is at school."
He said that she was at school.
‫ﺲ‬ ‫ﻌ ﺸﻋ ﺌ ﻊﺎﺗﻀ دول ﻏﻘ‬
1. Salim told her that he........................ a car.
a. bought b. buy c. buys d. is buying
2. He tells them that he......................(played)football.
3. She told me that they....................(visit) Aswan.

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  ‫ت ا‬

‫ ا‬‫ ا‬  ‫ ا‬   ‫ا‬ (He - She - It - They) ‫اس‬‫ ا‬‫ دا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ اذا‬- ١
‫ ا‬‫ ا‬  (I - We) ‫ ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ اذا‬- ٢
He said," I have played football."
He said that he had played football.

She said," I have played football."

She said that she had played football.
(‫ )ا‬‫و‬‫ ا‬‫ل ا‬ ‫ ا‬  (You) ‫ ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ اذا‬- ٣
He said to Ali," You can go out."
He told Ali that Ali could go out.

 ‫رة‬‫ء ا‬‫ وأ‬‫ز‬‫ت ا‬    ‫ل‬‫ ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ اذا‬- ٤

this that ago before

these those now then
yesterday the day before last week the week before
tomorrow the following day next week the following week

He said to me," She will buy this car."

He told me that she would buy that car.
They said to her," Ali is reading now."
They told her that Ali was reading then.
(just now - a moment ago)  ‫ ا‬‫ل ز‬ ‫ ه‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ ا‬ ‫ اذا‬- ٥
He said just now that he will travel tomorrow.
She told me a moment ago that she is visiting them next week.

Exercises on language

1. Complete with the correct form

1. He said that he........................(loves)fish.

2. He....................(tells) us that she didn't come early.
3. He said that the school............(isn't) very good.
4. She explained that the world.......(is) warming.
5. She said that they were playing.............(now).

98
Unit (11)
Media now and in the past
Lessons (3&4)

Key vocabulary

word word
governor literature
owner graduated
linguist retire
broadcast female

Vocabulary

word word
water park Nile Prize
tourism guardian
Arab World programs
novels helpful
encourage broadcasters
presenter well - known
faculty Arts
housewives the head of
for free advice
educational elementary
voice poetry
poet cultural
later restaurant
Egyptian fountain

99
 Reading

The mother of All Broadcasters

Egyptian radio broadcasting started in 1934. It was the first broadcast in Africa
and in the whole Arab world. Safia el Mohandes was the first female voice on
the radio.
Safia was born in 1922 in Cairo. Her father was a famous linguist. He
encouraged Safia to read Arabic books and novels. Safia also studied English
literature at the university and graduated from the Faculty of Arts in 1945.
In 1947, Safia joined the Egyptian radio, and she was the first female radio
presenter. Safia presented programmes for women and for children. Her most
famous programme, 'Housewives', presented news, educational advice and
drama for the whole Egyptian family.
Safia was very kind and helpful to all radio broadcasters. She helped everyone,
and so she was called 'the mother of all broadcasters'. Safia was head of the
radio broadcasting from 1975 until she retired in 1982.

Farouk Shousha
Farouk Shousha is a well - known radio presenter and a famous poet
Early life
Shousha was born in Damietta in 1936. He went to a nearby elementary school.
He went to the local library at a very early age, and was able to read many
books in the Arabic Language. Later on, he went to Cairo University and
graduated from the Faculty of Dar al - Ulum in 1956.
Career
He worked as a radio presenter in 1958 and later on as a TV presenter too. He
always liked poetry and Arabic Literature. He presented many programs like
''Our Beautiful Language'' on the radio and '' Cultural Evening''.
Awards
In his programs, Shousha always talked about the beauty of the Arabic
Language and its rich literature. For this reason, he was called ''The guardian
of the Arabic Language''. He won the Nile Prize for literature in 2016.

100
 Listening
News reporter
This is the 12 o'clock news. Today a new water park opened in Sharm El
Sheikh. The governor of the town said that the park was the biggest in Egypt
and would be great for tourism in the area. The owner of the new park
explained that there would be over on hundred new jobs for people at the park.
The park has restaurants and the owner is going to build a new hotel next year.
The owner also told us that the park had taken over three years to build. The
first fifty visitors today can go to the water park for free.

Words & definitions

voice ‫ن‬‫ت ام‬ is sound produced by a person when they speak
retire  is to leave a job or stop working because of old age.
linguist ‫ي‬  A person who specializes in languages
broadcast  is to send a programme or some information by radio or TV
governor  the person who rules a city or area.
recycle ‫و‬  means to use something again.

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym
big large small
build set up damage
busy crowded empty
graduate finish join

Prefixes and suffixes

Suffix ‫ا‬ Suffix

recycle ‫و‬  guardian
unusual ‫د‬  governor
inexpensive ‫ ر‬broadcasting

101
 Words and expressions
great for tourism encourage to
for free graduated from
look forward to Faculty of Arts
getting very busy educational advice
the Arab World the whole family
the first kind to
female voice the mother of
retired in work as
the head of The beauty of
at early age Arabic Language
called the guardian Win a prize for

Confusing words
prize price
Arabic Arab
reason season
retire resign
later latter

Irregular verbs
read read read
know knew known
win won won
give gave given

102
 Exercises

1. Finish the following dialogue (5 M)

Sara and Nawal are talking about jobs in the media
Sara : Would you like to have a job in the media?
Nawal : (1)........................................................................
Sara : What job would you like to do?
Nawal : (2)........................................................................
Sara : (3)........................................................................?
Nawal : Because I love writing and I am interested in the news.
Sara : I think you will be successful.
Nawal : (4)..........................................................................?
Sara : I want to be a web designer.
Nawal : (5)...........................................................................

2. Read and complete the text with words from the list (4 M)

replaced - said - told - stuck - burst - swam

Yesterday, a large water pipe (1)..........................and the city was under
water for 6 hours. A local witness (2)..............................that some people
were (3)........................and couldn't move. The problem was solved when
people (4)...........................the pipe with another one.

a. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d

1. A..................is sound produced by a person when they speak.
a. voice b. hug c. breathe d. breath
2. ...........is to leave a job or stop working because of old age.
a. Retire b. Inquire c. Acquire d. Trial
3. A person who specializes in languages is a........................
a. language b. linguist c. translator d. interviewer
4. .............is to send a programme or some information by radio or TV.
a. Broadcast b. Waste c. Export d. Import
5. A......................is the person who rules a city or area.
a. thief b. president c. governor d. graduate
6..................................means to use something again.
a. Cyber b. Recycle c. Remind d. Remove
7. Atef was the only one who saw the accident. Atef was the only..............
a. witness b. innocent c. guilty d. crime
103
8. He was able to mend the pipe. We can replace "mend" with...............
a. mix b. oxen c. fix d. prepare
9. My father was..................because my young brothers made so much noise.
a. cross b. across c. happy d. lazily
10. "Unfortunately" and "Unluckily" are........................
a. antonyms b. synonyms c. opposite d. nouns
11. We add the suffix ".................." to for the noun from "govern".
a. ist b. al c. ly d. or
12. Farouk Shousha won the Nile.....................for literature.
a. price b. prize c. cinema d. bank
13. Safia el Mohandes was called the mother of the.....................
a. farmers b. dancers c. broadcasters d. Egyptians
14. I ....................from the Faculty of Arts last year and became a teacher.
a. joined b. graduated c. died d. escaped
15. She was the first female.................on the Egyptian radio.
a. sound b. cry c. scream d. voice

5. Complete the following sentences with the correct form (5 M)

1. Marwa's father..................(buy) a big motorbike last week.

2. We..................(paint) our house alone a week ago.
3. We were stuck because the bus................(break) down.
4. The actor.................(were) expensive sunglasses in yesterday's show.
5. When I was young, I always....................(talk) to my teachers politely.
6. The car hit the boy and...................(run) away.
7. She said just now that she..............(would) buy a mobile tomorrow.
8. He.................(explained me) that I had to study hard.
9. She said that.............(them) visited Aswan.
10. When he was young, he always....................(swims) in the sea.

104
Unit (11)
To space and back
Lessons (5,6&7)

Key vocabulary

word meaning word meaning

festival apparently

meeting celebrate

warning traditional

according to skyscrapers

Vocabulary

word word

architect administrative

distance capital

national tower

illuminate sports center

represent famous

birth local

website normal

journalist interview

decide report

spelling media

mistakes check

articles coast

reserve film

105
 Reading
Shaimaa's interview
What is a normal working day like?
I start my day early. We have a meeting at 8 am and we decide which new
stories we will put on the news that day. After that, I normally spend a long time
on the internet and talk to people on the phone. Then I go out with a camera
operator and we do some interviews and I write about what I’m going to say.
What do you like about your job?
I like meeting different people and finding out more about the world and the
things that are happening in it. At first, it was exciting to be on the TV, but it is
normal for me now.
What don't you like about your job?
I don’t like the long hours and sometimes we report on bad news and that can
be very difficult.
How did you get your job?
I studied media and Arabic at university and then I worked for a newspaper for
a while. Someone at the newspaper thought that I would be good on TV and told
me about a job working in TV news.
What skills did you need to do your job?
I think you have to be interested in the world around you and also like meeting
lots of different people. You need to be good at listening and writing.

Listening

Adel Did you know that they are having a new food festival next month in
our village.
Fawzi Really? That's good. Why are they having it?
Adel According to the newspaper, it is to celebrate the opening of a new
restaurant. It is opening next to the water tower.
Fawzi That's good news.
Adel Have you heard that they think more tourists will visit the village,
too?
Fawzi Yes, tourists like visiting traditional villages like ours. What type of
restaurant will it be?
Wael Apparently it is going to be a modern Egyptian restaurant.
Adel It will probably be expensive. But we should go to the food festival.
Fawzi Yes, all our friends want to go, too.
Wael I heard that you need to buy a ticket. I will find out how much it is .
Fawzi Good idea.
106
 Words & definitions

normal ‫ ط‬means usual, not different

apparently ‫ح‬ according to what you have heard is true
meeting ‫ع‬‫ ا‬a situation when groups of people meet to discuss something
festival ‫ل‬‫ ا‬A day or time for people to celebrate something
according to  ‫ ط‬means as said by someone or as shown by something

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym
traditional old / ancient modern
distant remote near
apparent clear mysterious
normal natural abnormal

Prefixes and suffixes

Suffix ‫ا‬ Suffix

unnatural ‫ ط‬ photographer
disadvantages ‫ب‬ coastal
abnormal ‫ذ‬ normally

Words and expressions

according to have meetings
the opening of read online
on Gezira Island spend time on
one of the tallest do some
interviews
popular with talk on the phone
tourists

107
New capital find out about
tall = in height normal for me
report on at university
work for on the coast
good on TV have a picnic
need skills by mistake

Confusing words
coast cost
reserve serve
present represent
tower tour
skill skull

Irregular verbs
build built built
send sent sent
see saw seen
take took taken

Exercises
a. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d

1. .......................to means as said by someone or as shown by something.

a. According b. Thanks c. Addicted d. Objected
2. .................means usual, not different.
a. Formal b. Normal c. Journal d. Exotic
3. ..............means according to what you have heard is true.
a. Enormously b. Unfortunately c. Apparently d. Passively

108
4. A............is a situation when groups of people meet to discuss something.
a. interview b. idea c. meeting d. interviewer
5. A day or time for people to celebrate something means a.................
a. festival b. moral c. depression d. decision
8. Many businessmen have.......with their customers to discuss their work.
a. meetings b. accidents c. plays d. matches
9. People often give you a..............when something might be dangerous.
a. idea b. opinion c. prize d. warning
10. To form the adverb from "normal" we add the suffix..................
a. y b. ily c. ly d. ing
11. I was.......................when I lost my bag, I was angry.
a. happy b. delighted c. famous d. cross
12. A..................is sound produced by a person when they speak.
a. voice b. hug c. breathe d. breath
13. We add the prefix"................." to mean do something again.
a. re b. ful c. ness d. dis
14. To get the adjective from "administrate" we add the suffix "...............".
a. ive b. ion c. ness d. ly
15. The antonym of ".........................." is "ugly"
a. beautiful b. enormous c. tiny d. hard
16. They were able to mend the pipe. We can replace "mend" with.............
a. mix b. oxen c. fix d. prepare

6. Write a review of about (110) words on: (7 M)

"A biography about a person in the media"

109
Unit (12)
Into the future
Lessons (1&2)

Key vocabulary

word word
assistant solution
device 3D printer
online learning e-sport player
robotic engineer temperature

Vocabulary
word word
cycle lane recently
renewable advantages
energy wherever
fact print
scientists materials
climate change models
tournament virtual reality
popular traditional
education presentations
expert technology
charge feed
fabric population
coronavirus floating
pandemic farmland
remind masks

110
 Reading

THE TECHNOLOGY OF TOMORROW

Here are three things that could be part of our lives in the future

Floating farms
One of the biggest problems we will have in the future is how to feed the world.
As the population grows and sea levels rise, we won't be able to grow the food
we need on the farmland we have. One solution is to build floating farms on the
sea. The farms will have solar panels so they will be able to produce their own
electricity.
Energy shirts
Have you heard of a shirt that can charge your phone? Scientists have made a
new fabric that produces electricity as it moves. This means that we'll be able
to charge our devices as we run or I walk outside
Robot assistants
When we go to hospital in the future, we may see doctors, nurses ... and robots!
During the coronavirus pandemic, robot assistants worked in hospitals in
Rwanda. They checked people's temperatures, collected information and even
reminded people to wear masks! More importantly, they helped to keep hospital
workers safe.

Listening
(1)
Girl (1) : Look, this article says that cities across the world are building new
cycle lanes. This one is in Beijing. It goes above the city.
Girl (2) : That looks amazing
Girl (1) : According to the article, the most popular way to travel in future
won't be by fast train or driverless car, it will be by bike.
Girl (2) : Do you think that is possible?
Girl (1) : Not really. It is good that some cities are building new cycle lanes,
but I think there will always be quicker and easier ways to travel.
Girl (2) : I think you are right

111
(2)
Boy (1) : So, this article is about energy that we use in future.
Boy (2) : What does it say?
Boy (1) : It says that we will all be using more renewable energy. In fact, by
2050, all of our energy will be renewable.
Boy (2) : I agree. We have to change to renewable energy to protect the
planet.
(3)
Girl (3) : It says here that we will need a lot more scientists in the future.
Girl (4) : Well, there are already a lot of jobs that people need science for and
in the future, science will be more important.
Girl (3) : Why?
Girl (4) : Well, with problems like climate change, we will need new ideas and
new technology. We need scientists for this.
Girl (3) : Oh, yes. I see what you mean.
(4)
Boy (3) : Look at this e-sports tournament. 60 million people watched it
online.
Boy (4) : Yes, e-sports are becoming really popular.
Boy (3) : It says here that e-sports will be more popular than football by 2030.
Boy (4) : I don't think that will happen. Billions of people watch football
matches. E-sports are popular, but they won't be more popular than
football.
Boy (3) : No, I don't think they will

Words & definitions

virtual when a computer makes you think that you are in a real place
reality using pictures and sounds
online education or learning that you can have on the internet
learning
cycle lane a special place where people can cycle on roads

assistant somebody who helps a person do their job

e-sport a player of online video games

player

112
robotic ‫ت‬‫س رو‬ a person whose job is to design or work with robots
engineer
3D printer  ‫ ط‬a machine that can make copies of whole objects
temperature ‫ارة‬‫ ا‬‫ در‬how hot or cold something is

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym
popular famous unpopular
quick fast slow
renewable reusable nonrenewable
advantages pros disadvantages
true correct incorrect

Prefixes and suffixes

prefix suffix
disappear robotic
recycle renewable
inability player
unpopular floating

Words and expressions

across the world do online learning
a way to travel the advantages of
protect the planet made from materials
more popular than all kinds of
with our eyes make designs
go into space that's a pity
expert in education part of
feed the world make a new fabric

113
floating farms check temperature
on the sea remind to + inf
produce electricity wear masks

Confusing words
float flood
panel tunnel
a device advice
feed food
model medal

Irregular verbs
make made made
think thought thought
rise rose risen
grow grew grown

Exercises

1. Finish the following dialogue (5 M)

Baher : Where do you think people will live in the future?

Marwan : (1).................................................................................
Baher : Under the ground! What kind of energy will they use?
Marwan : (2)..................................................................................
Baher : (3).................................................................................?
Marwan : They will use wind turbines to produce renewable energy.
Baher : (4).................................................................................?
Marwan : Yes, we will all live in tall buildings with solar energy.
Baher : I think this won't cause pollution.
Marwan : (5)...................................................................................

114
2. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d (3 M)
1. A..............is a machine that can make copies of whole objects.
a. engine b. 3D glasses c. 3D printer d. keyboards
2. A..............engineer is a person whose job is to design or work with robots.
a. antibiotic b. robotic c. toiler d. untidy
3. An.........................player is a player of online video games.
a. e-book b. e-mail c. e-sport d. website
4. .................means how hot or cold something is.
a. Pollution b. Temperature c. Drought d. Flood
5. ................reality is when a computer makes you think that you are in a real
place using pictures and sounds.
a. Virtual b. Social c. Lunar d. Solar
6. .........learning means education or learning that you can have on the internet.
a. Home b. Offline c. Disconnected d. Online
7. A.................is a special place where people can cycle on roads.
a. cycle loom b. cycle map c. cycle lane d. cycle mop
8. Somebody who helps a person do their job is an......................
a. seller b. customer c. client d. assistant
9. To form the opposite from "ability" we add the prefix.......................
a. mis b. dis c. im d. ness
10. "Protect" and.........................are synonyms.
a. save b. kill c. destroy d. damage
11. The prefix".................." means one.
a. tri b. bi c. mono d. er
12. The plane landed safely. The antonym of ''landed'' is......................
a. took on b. took in c. took off d. took place
13. He lives in a flat overlooking the Nile. We can replace "flat" with..............
a. department b. important c. villa d. apartment
14. The toy moves like a robot. It is very..................
a. still b. robotic c. unmovable d. polluted
15. The train doesn't use oil. It is......................
a. electrician b. electric c. electricity d. electronic
16. The firefighters saved a family from a fire. They were very..................
a. lazy b. unskilled c. hero d. heroic
17. This is a............which can check people's temperature.
a. advice b. advise c. devise d. device

115
Grammar

Future: Revision

‫ﺎﺼﺊﻀ‬ ‫ﻄ ا ﺳ أزﻄﻈ ا‬

‫ار ا‬‫ وا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ أو ا‬‫أي ا‬‫ل او ا‬‫ أو ا‬‫ ا‬  ( will + ‫ر‬) ‫ م‬- ١

(think - expect - I am sure.....)  ‫ت‬ ‫د‬‫ و‬

By 2030, we will have finished more projects.

In the future, we will use renewable energy.
I think, he will win the prize.
Basant will be ten next year.
There is no sugar, I will buy some.

  ( am / is / are going to + ‫ر‬) ‫ م‬- ٢

(intend / intention / decide / decision / plan)  ‫ت‬ ‫د‬‫ و‬ ‫ء و‬  ‫ ا‬  

They have intention, they are going to buy a car.

‫وث ا‬  ‫ د‬‫د ا‬‫ و‬  ‫ث ط‬ ‫ء‬   

There are a lot of clouds. It is going to rain.

‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬

(am – is – are going to) ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ ا‬ ‫ن ا‬ ‫د د‬‫ و‬ (think)  ‫ءت‬ ‫اذا‬

There are a lot of clouds, I think it is going to rain.

116
  ‫ت‬  ‫ ا‬ ‫ أن م‬‫ ر‬‫ء ا‬‫ ا‬ (am /is/are + V+ ing) ‫رع ا‬‫ ا‬‫ م‬- ٣

(arrange / arrangements / prepare)

‫ت‬‫ت وا‬‫ ا‬ ‫و‬

They have bought the tickets. They are visiting Aswan tomorrow.
He is having a party tomorrow. (He has arranged everything)

A. Complete with the correct form

1. Look! She is......................(wash) the carpets.

2. I can't go with you, I am...................(do) my homework.
3. I have bought the tickets. I ........................(travel)tomorrow.
4. They are......................(play) computer games.
5. The plane................(will arrives) at 3 as usual.
6. The phone is ringing, I will................(answering) it.
7. I expect, they................(buys) a new car.
8. He has arranged everything, he.................(has) a party.
9. I am ..................(go) to visit Aswan.
10. Hamada..............(is going to) be 44 next year.

117
Unit (12)
Into the future
Lessons (3&4)

Key vocabulary

word meaning word meaning

distance qualification
internship set up
marathon skill
professional education

Vocabulary
word meaning word meaning
accountant machines
improve government
ambition opera house
national traffic
company capital
IT = information technology located
energy monorail
probably robotics
grandparents experience
pay apartment
charity experts
link district
cashless administrative
collect roof
disabilities home to

118
 Reading

My goals for the future

By Hussein
I love maths and science, so when I leave Preparatory school, I'd like to go to a
technology school. My dream is to become a robotics engineer. Robotics
engineers can create anything from machines for hospitals to robots that go
into space. Technology schools help students with the skills that I will need to
work well with this technology, although it won't be easy. You need to pass a
test to get into a technical school. Students who are successful often work in
factories and businesses to get experience, and often get jobs there when they
leave school. Sport is also a big part of my life. I like playing handball and
football, but my favourite sport is running. I'm in a local team and we usually run
10 kilometres per day, but we're going to train to run longer distances. I'd love
to do the Egyptian marathon when I'm old enough. Finally, I want to do
something to help other people. When I'm older, I'm going to work as a
volunteer at weekends. There is a children's hospital near my apartment.
Volunteers go to the hospital to read to the children and play games with them. I
think that would be a great thing to do, so I'm going to ask how I can help.

Reading (2)
Our cities of the future
Africa's population is growing quickly. Experts believe thatby2050, there will be
twice as many people in Africa as there are today. Many African countries are
planning exciting new cities, where people can live, Work and study. What will
these cities of the future be like?

New Administrative Capital

My country is planning for a new administrative capital in the desert, east of

Cairo. The New Administrative Capital is going to have modern universities,
offices and hotels. There will be a monorail passing through the business
districts. Electric trains will link the city to other cities around Egypt. The city is
designed to work with smart technology. Roofs will be covered in solar panels.
The shops will be cashless, and they will have more green spaces to walk round
in the city.
Dalia, 15, Egypt

119
 Diamniado Lake City
My country is planning an amazing new city: Diamniado Lake City. It will have
modern apartments, offices, hotels, shopping centres and sports stadiums.
There will be schools and universities. A new train will connect the new city
with our capital city, Dakar, so people will be able to travel between the cities
easily.
Oumar,16, Senegal
The Green City Kigali
I live in the capital city of Rwanda, Kigali. It's a beautiful city and a lot of people
come here to live. Now, there is a plan to create a new part of the city: Green
City Kigali. The buildings will use renewable energy and reuse rainwater. There
will be cycle lanes and good public transport, but it will also be easy to walk
around the city. I think there will be lots of cities like this in Africa one day.
Alice,15, Rwanda

Words & definitions

marathon a running race of around 42 kilometers

internship when you work, often without pay, to learn about a job

distance how much space is between two things

professional something that shows you have special training to do a job

qualification
set up to start a business

skill the ability to do something well

monorail a railway system that uses a single rail, usually high above
the ground
cashless done without using money you can hold

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym
agree accept disagree
distant remote near / close
protect save damage
online connected offline

120
 Prefixes and suffixes
prefix suffix
monorail robotics
disability likely
unpopular internship

Words and expressions

first of all set up business
do well work for a company
my dream is get an internship
a professional player a good way to
want to improve What kind of.....?
my ambition is work as a volunteer
would be amazing to design buildings
do a job homes for
help people do pay for
make life better use a monorail
be located in get experience
on the roof give home to
people with disabilities link the city to

Confusing words
professional amateur
roof ceiling
link ink
population pollution
expert export

Irregular verbs
become became become
find found found
get got got
speak spoke spoken

121
 Exercises
4. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
1. ........................is to start a business.
a. Steal b. Set up c. Foil d. Retire
2. A.................is a running race of around 42 kilometers.
a. Marathon b. eagle c. trip d. quiz
3. .................means how much space is between two things.
a. Pollution b. Population c. Distance d. cause
4. ...............is the ability to do something well.
a. Smell b. Sell c. Skill d. Skull
5. Something that shows you have special training to do a job is a...............
..............qualification.
a. stolen b. Hidden c. professional d. amateur
6. When you work, often without pay, to learn about a job means.................
a. mother ship b. shaping c. theft d. internship
7. A railway system that uses a single rail, usually high above the ground is........
a. airway b. subway c. highway d. monorail
8. A................is an area of a town, city or the countryside.
a. Brick b. Strike c. Effect d. District
9. .......................means done without using money you can hold.
a. Cashless b. Free c. Expensive d. Cheap
10. There is a garden on our.....................where we plant some spider plants.
a. roof b. ceiling c. attic d. tunnel
11. People with...................should be treated well to face life.
a. abilities b. eyes c. skills d. disabilities
12. Buses and trains are forms of.........................
a. accident b. transport c. transistors d. volcanoes
13. We live in an........................in the New Administrative Capital.
a. apartment b. villa c. basin d. flat
14. They are going to train to run longer..............to take part in the marathon.
a. towers b. skyscrapers c. distances d. oceans
15. The antonym of "amateur" is...................
a. free b. professional c. unpaid d. cashless
16. We add the prefix.......................to get the opposite of agree.
a. dis b. miss c. less d. ness
17. ..................is the opposite of close.
a. Near b. Sad c. Remote d. Cute
18. ...........means use again.
a. Mono b. Less c. Ness d. Re
19. We add the suffix...................to "cash" to form the adjective.
a. il b. less c. er d. ment
20. The prefix".................." means one.
a. tri b. bi c. mono d. er
122
Grammar
‫ﺎﺼﺊﻀ‬ ‫ﺲﺋ ﺸﻎ ا‬ ‫ا ﺎﺳﺊﻐ ﺲﻆ ا ﺼﺛرة واﻗﺠﺎ‬

-
 + will be able to + ‫ر‬
Farmers will be able to make their electricity.
She will be able to write English well.
-
 + won't be able to + ‫ر‬
We won't be able to grow food.
He won't be able to drive a car.
-٣
Will +  + be able to + ‫ر‬ ......................?

Will you be able to swim?

Yes, I will.
No, I won't.
-٤
‫ اداة ا‬+ will +  + be able to + ‫ر‬ ........?

What will you be able to do?

I will be able to drive a car.

Complete with the correct form

1. They will be able to....................(making) electricity.

2. ..................(Have) you be able to speak English?
3. Farmers will...................(been) able to grow more crops.
4. She................(doesn't) be able to travel.
5. Where will she be..............(enable) to work?
6. In the future, we won't all be............... (capable) to fly.
7. He has arranged everything, he.................(has) a party.
8. The phone is ringing, I will................(answering) it.
9. I can't go with you, I am...................(do) my homework.
10. There will definitely....................(are) drones.

123
Unit (12)
Into the future
Lessons (5,6&7)

Key vocabulary

word word
law definitely
control apartment
probably driverless
likely historic

Vocabulary

word word
flying spacecraft
research astronauts
technology controls
helicopter make sure
take off completely
engines signs
difficulties normal
land forms of
roof quiz
pollution skills
passenger instead of
journey university
conclusion drones
change transport

124
 Reading
A technology that will change our lives By Munir Osman
In future, driverless cars will change all of our lives. We will be able to travel
anywhere without touching the controls or even looking at the road! Driverless
cars will also be better for the environment because they will be electric.
However, there are still some problems. Car companies will have to do lots of
testing to make sure that the cars are completely safe. We will also have to
make new laws and we might even have to change some of our road signs so
that the cars' computers can read them.
So when will we be able to travel in driverless cars? Some experts believe
that we will have to wait until 2030 at the earliest. Others think that driverless
cars will be here much sooner, but we may still need people at the controls to
begin with. It's impossible to know who is correct, but we can be sure of one
thing: driverless cars will be part of our future. I'm looking forward to taking my
first journey in one.

Flying cars

For this week's project, I researched flying cars. We now have the technology
that will be able to make flying cars. In fact, engineers think that flying cars will
be more like helicopters than planes. That is because helicopters can take off
from small areas in cities. They will use electricity, because electric engines
are not very noisy.
Although there are difficulties, flying cars might be the answer to a lot of
problems. Cities are becoming busier and traffic on the ground is becoming
worse. If there were flying cars, people could fly to work from far away. They
would not have to live in big cities. Flying cars could land on the roofs of
buildings, and that would mean more space in the streets for people to enjoy
Electric flying cars would make less pollution, too.
Already, a company in Germany has developed a flying taxi. It will be able to
carry one passenger and might start flying in 2022. However, journeys will be
very expensive. People also worry that flying cars might not be very safe. If
there were a lot of flying cars above a city, it could be very dangerous! For
example, what would they do in bad weather or if there were a lot of birds? And
what about planes?
In conclusion, we already have the technology to make drones and other
things that can fly. I think that it's very likely we will see flying cars in the future.

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 Words & definitions

definitely certainly, without doubt

likely probably going to happen or probably true

controls things used to operate a vehicle or machine

law the rules that people in a country or place must follow.

train to prepare for a sports event by exercising

Synonyms and antonyms

word synonym antonym
protect save damage
agree accept disagree
begin start finish
take off fly land

Prefixes and suffixes

prefix suffix
disagree driverless
recycle recently
unpopular historical
illegal professional

Words and expressions

in the city center change our lives
look like improve our lives
build on driverless cars
historic buildings without touching
do a quiz find solutions
forms of energy make sure
make laws better for

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at the earliest make flying cars
look forward to take off
part of our future electric engines
in conclusion types of transport
make drones save time
it is likely send into space

Confusing words
take talk
drone drown
planet plant
historic historian
law low

Irregular verbs
leave left left
make made made
take took taken
fly flew flown

Exercises

Read and complete the text with words from the list (4 M)
farming - ambitions - engineer - technology - meet - to meet
It is important to have goals and (1).......................... It is important to work hard
to achieve them. I have a lot of goals and ambitions. When I leave Preparatory
school, I'd like to go to a (2)..................... school. My dream is to become a
robotics (3)......................... I have other goals. I want to work as a volunteer for
a charity. I want (4)..........................new people.

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Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d (3 M)
1. .................are things used to operate a vehicle or machine.
a. soil b. printers c. Controls d. cushions
2. .....................means certainly, without doubt.
a. Definitely b. Hardly c. Mysterious d. lately
3. ...................means probably going to happen or probably true.
a. Unlikely b. Impossible c. Imaginary d. Likely
4. ................is to prepare for a sports event by exercising.
a. Train b. plate c. Treat d. Clean
5. A..............means the rules that people in a country or place must follow.
a. law b. low c. row d. raw
6. He achieved his goal and became a doctor. The word "goal" here means......
a. ambition b. epidemic c. sight d. weight
7. He lives in a flat overlooking the Nile. We can replace "flat" with..............
a. department b. important c. villa d. apartment
8. Drones are driverless. They use.........................drivers.
a. skilled b. lazy c. educated d. no
9. Flying cars could land far away. There word "land" here means...............
a. area b. region c. come down d. fly
10. You can drive a car using the............................
a. pedals b. weavers c. controls d. ovens
11. Don't throw this bottle away, we can..........................it.
a. damage b. kill c. destroy d. reuse
12. When scientists do a lot of testing, they want to make sure that the device
is...........................
a. dangerous b. bad c. useless d. safe
13. When you touch the car controls, you want to...............the car.
a. drive b. damage c. sell d. destroy
14. This math question is very difficult. What is the......................?
a. solution b. solve c. results d. answers
15. We add the prefix.......................to get the opposite of agree.
a. dis b. miss c. less d. ness
16. ..................is the opposite of close.
a. Near b. Sad c. Remote d. Cute
17. The plane landed safely. The antonym of ''landed'' is......................
a. took on b. took in c. took off d. took place
18. "Protect" and.........................are synonyms.
a. save b. kill c. destroy d. damage

1. Write ONE HUNDRED AN TEN (110) words on:

"A review about your personal goals and ambitions"

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