Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education – Region III Central Luzon

DIVISION OF CITY OF SAN FERNANDO

Self-Instructional Packets (SIPacks)

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Week 2
A. Content Standards:
Describe the concept and aspects of culture and society.

B. Performance Standards:
Value the changes of culture and society.

C. Most Essential Learning Competencies:

MELC No.2: Analyze the concept, aspects, and changes in/of culture and society.

Lesson/Topic: Culture and Society

References:
▪ Abulencia, A. S. et. al., Social Dynamics A Worktext on Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics,
Novaliches, Quezon City: Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc. 2016.
▪ Aguilar, M. V. G., et. al., Society, Culture and Politics An Introductory Text For Senior High School, Phoenix
Publishing House, 2016.
▪ Baleña, E. D., Lucero, D. M., Peralta, A. M., Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, Cubao, Quezon
City: Educational Resources Corporation, 2016.
▪ Bernardo, J. P. V., Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, Pasay City, Philippines:JFS Publishing
Services, 2016.
▪ Our Lady of Fatima University, Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Workbook for Senior High
School, 2016.
▪ Annis, F., Why Wearing A Face Mask Is Important. Universal Medical, 2020. Retrieved from
https://blog.universalmedicalinc.com/wearing-face- mask- important/ July 2020
▪ UNESCO. Culture & COVID-19: Impact and Response Tracker, 2020. Retrieved from
https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/issue_1_en_culture_covid- 19_tracker.pdf July 202

D. Objectives
1. describe the concept of culture and society;
2. identify aspects of culture and society; and
3. value the changes of culture and society.

Procedure:
A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson
Activity 1.1 - Jumbled Letters: Identify the following words by arranging the jumbled letters to come up
with the correct answer. Use separate answer sheet in answering.
______1. The group of people interacting with each other and having a common culture; sharing
common geographical or territorial domain, and having relatively common aspirations.
(OIESYTC)
______2. It is influenced by emotions, attitudes, values ideology and religion. (SFEIBEL)
______3. It refers to all that man has made for himself through time, material or non-material, still useful
or not anymore, all to provide benefits for his society. (UUERTCL)
______4. The tangible and concrete objects produced by man in the process of social development.
(TMRALAIE ERCULTU)
______5. It is based on ownership of land. (LDFEUA TYSCIEO)

Page 1 of 8
 Activity 1.2 - Matching Type: Match the terms in column A with their respective meanings found in
column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.

A B
________ 6. Society a. Cannot be possible without going
through the process of socialization
________ 7. Industrial b. Capitalism, characterized by free competition,
free market and the right to acquire private
property, emerged.
________ 8. Modern c. More advanced societies, dominated by
information, services, and high technology,
surfaced.
________ 9. Post-industrial d. Highly industrialized characterized by mass
production of all essential products.
________ 10. Culture is adaptive e. Changes in the environment are caused by
inventions and discoveries.
________ 11. Social relationship f. Culture within a social group is transmitted to
succeeding generations through imitation,
instruction and example.
________ 12. Culture is transmitted g. Different habits, skills, values and knowledge
are acquired or learned in the course of a person’s
life.
________ 13. Pre-industrial h. Culture is “that complex whole which includes
knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs
and any other capabilities and habits acquired by
man as a member of society.”
________ 14. Edward B. Taylor i. Cannot exist without its population.
________ 15. Culture is learned j. The main economic activity is food production
carried out through the utilization of human and
animal labor.
k. The main method of food production is collection
of wild plants and the hunting of wild animals on a
daily

B. Establishing the purpose of the lesson

Activity 2 - Fill in the blanks: Fill in the blanks with the correct words to complete the paragraph. Use
separate answer sheet in answering.
As a social science, (1) ___________________ deals with the study of society and social
interactions taking place. It also deals with the origin, evolution, and development of human society. It is
focused on all kinds of social interactions, social relationships, and social organization, structure and
process.
The study of human’s past and present is (2) _____________________. Anthropology’s goal is
to describe and explain human variation or the observed similarities and differences in people through
time and across space.
(3) __________________ as a social science discipline deals with the study of the state and
government. It is concerned about politics and policies of the government. (4) ____________________,
in his (5) ______________________, defined political science as the study of the state. It deals
comprehensively with the theory and practice of politics.

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

Activity 3 - Concept Map: Write the appropriate words or phrases based on your understanding of the words
culture and society. Write your answers on a separate paper.

Page 2 of 8
D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1
Society is a group of people interacting with each other and having a common culture; sharing common
geographical or territorial domain, and having relatively common aspirations.

TYPES OF SOCIETIES
1. PRE-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
During the pre-industrial society, the main economic activity is food production carried out through the
utilization of human and animal labor. Particularly, these societies are subdivided according to their level
of technology and their method of producing food. These are the following:
Hunting and gathering society - In these societies main method of food production is collection of
wild plants and the hunting of wild animals on a daily basis. Human gather and hunt around for foods as
nomads;
Pastoral society - The prevailing method of food production during this period is through pastoralism,
more efficient than the subsistence method;
Horticultural society - These societies have learned how to raise fruits and vegetables grown in
garden plots which provided them their main source of food;
Agrarian Society - Societies which applied agricultural technological advances to cultivate crops over
a large area; and
Feudal Society - As an offshoot of increased food chain, several groups become wealthy and able to
acquire lands and declared these as their own domain. It is based on ownership of land.

1. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
An economic system emerged between the 15th and 16th centuries began to replace feudalism. This is
capitalism, the predominant economic system of industrial societies. Capitalism, characterized by free
competition, free market and the right to acquire private property, emerged. The introduction of foreign
metals, silk, and spices in the market stimulated greater commercial activity in European societies.

2. POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
More advanced societies, called post-industrial societies, dominated by information, services, and high
technology, surfaced. These hallmarks of these societies were beyond the production of goods. Advanced
industrial societies are shifting toward an increase in service sectors over manufacturing and production.

3. MODERN SOCIETIES
Our highly industrialized modern society is characterized by mass production of all essential products such
that the subsistence level of food production is now a thing of the past. Products are sold in markets in
large quantities. People nowadays typically do not need to subsist on their own and instead buy items they
cannot personally produce to live.

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

Culture is “that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs and any
other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” (Edward B. Tylor) The Cambridge
English Dictionary states that culture is “the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a
particular group of people at a particular time.”

Culture refers to all that man has made for himself through time, material or non-material still useful or not
anymore, all to provide benefits for his society.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
Culture is learned. This is what we call enculturation, the acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and
values that enable men to become active members of their communities.
Culture is transmitted. Culture within a social group is transmitted to succeeding generations through
imitation, instruction and example, in the form of attitudes, values, beliefs and behavioral scripts are passed
onto and taught to individuals and groups
Culture is adaptive. All culture is changes. Changes in the environment are caused by inventions and
discoveries. Man is capable of adjusting to his environment. Adaption is the process of change in response to
a new environment. It is one component of acculturation, which relates to the change in a group’s culture or
the change in individual psychology in response to a new environment.

Page 3 of 8
MAIN TYPES OF CULTURE
Material culture deals with the physical culture including contemporary technology, artifacts relics, fossils,
and other tangible remains of cultural development, past and present. Material culture refers to the tangible
and concrete objects produced by main in the process of social development.

Non-material culture deals with the intangibles including values, norms, beliefs, traditions, and customs
that collectively hold a society and shape individuals are they interact within society.

ELEMENTS OF NON-MATERIAL CULTURE

Beliefs - are man’s perception about the reality of things and are shared ideas about how the world his
environment operates. They are reflective of highly valued feelings about the world in which they live. Beliefs
are influenced by emotions, attitudes, values ideology and religion.
Values - refer to the broad preferences of person on the appropriate course of action or decisions he has
to take. Values are a reflection of a person’s sense of right and wrong. A person’s values sociologically
influence his attitudes and behavior
Norms - are society’s standard of morality, conduct, propriety, ethics and legality. Norms vary according to
age, gender, religion, politics, economics, ethnicity or race of the group.
Folkways - are fairly weak forms of norms, whose violation is generally not considered serious within a
particular culture. They are habits, customs, and repetitive patterns of behavior.
Ideas - comprise man’s concepts of his physical, social and cultural world as manifested in people’s beliefs
and values.
Knowledge - can be natural, supernatural, magical or technical. These are the body of facts and beliefs
that people accumulate over time.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY
Society consists of groups of people who share some likeness such as being rational, free and bodily.
They share similar needs such as food, shelter, clothing, love, among other things.
Society does not only consist of groups of people who share a likeness with everyone but also need to
exhibit some differences. These differences among the people who are members of the same organization or
group are simple made to be different as individuals
The self is not the other, and the other is not the other is not the self or me. Jacques Derrida, a French
philosopher, spoke of what he called the alterity of a person or his otherness. The differences would also be
beneficial and necessary to society as different individuals can perform acts or tasks that the self may not be
capable
Different people are endowed with different gifts or talents distinct from others. Some are good at
carpentry, others are good at farming or in teaching, to name some few professions or strengths. Imagine if
everyone is a fisherman, who would provide us with crops or who build our houses or who would sew our
clothes? Individual differences are not accidental but natural in the person of every individual.
These differences among individuals would consequently lead to inter- dependence which is the following
characteristics of society as the case maybe. This inter-independence is a vital cog in the survival and
sustenance of society’s existence. As we are naturally limited, we need others to fulfill some of our
inadequacies.
Humans do not live alone, isolated from each other. Instead, individuals tend to live in communities with
other people to help one another not just along economic needs but also in gaining knowledge or in learning
some ways or means of living happily and collectively.
Society is its nature of being dynamic and changeable. No society is static. Every society changes along in
time and place. The change both from within and without manifests in society.

CHANGES IN CULTURE AND SOCIETY

Customs, traditions, folkways, mores, values and institutions go through some changes as well where new
customs and values take place. The present generation, for instance, shows many changes inside out. The
different gadgets like cellphone of various labels, a variety of iPods, tablets, the proliferation of shopping malls
around the country, notwithstanding the moral permissiveness you observe in the behaviors and lifestyles of
the people especially the youth, largely define the present society here and elsewhere.

Society cannot exist without its population. The people who constitute society constitute society constantly
engage in a social relationship that brings them together in group endeavors or activities they do in every day
of their lives. Social relationship is inevitable in society.

The social relationship, however, cannot be possible without going through the process of socialization.

Page 4 of 8
F. Developing mastery

Activity 4.2 – TRUE OR FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is true and FALSE if it is not. Use separate
answer sheet in answering.
______1. Culture is not ascribed or naturally embedded in the person’s being.
______2. Culture is just confined to knowing things, that is of their concepts and meaning.
______3. Society consists of groups of people who share some likeness such as being rational, free and
bodily.
______4. In society, they share similar needs such as food, shelter, clothing love among other things.
______5. Cultures are different from each other since there are social structures, beliefs values and other
practices.

Activity 4.3 - Crossword Puzzle: Complete the puzzle by reading the clues and by choosing the answer
from the pool of words below. Write your answers on a separate paper.

Page 5 of 8
 Activity 4.4 - Multiple Choice: Read the sentences carefully and write the letter of the correct answers on
the space provided. Use separate paper for your answers.

_________ 1. It is a type of societies that deals with the main method of food production which is the
collection of wild plants and the hunting of wild animals on a daily basis.
A. Agrarian Society B. Horticultural society C. Hunting and gathering society D. Pastoral
_________ 2. It is a type of culture that deals with the physical culture including contemporary technology,
artifacts relics, fossils, and other tangible remains of cultural development, past and present.
A. Formal culture B. Material culture C. Non-formal culture D. Non-material culture
_________ 3. These are fairly weak forms of norms, the violation is generally not considered serious within
a particular culture, they are habits, customs, and repetitive patterns of behavior.
A. Folkways B. Ideas C. Knowledge D. Norms
_________ 4. What kind of characteristics of culture is this: the different habits, skills, values and knowledge
are acquired or learned in the course of a person’s life?
A. Culture is adaptive B. Culture is changeable C. Culture is learned D. Culture is transmitted
_________ 5. Which of the following is the characteristic of culture?
A. Society embodies certain characteristics to be what it is.
B. Society does not only consist of groups of people who share a likeness with everyone, but also needs to
exhibit some differences.
C. Society consists of groups of people who share some likeness such as being rational, free and bodily.
D. None of these

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

Performance Task

H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

ACTIVITY 6 - Situation in a Box: Based on what you have learned in the characteristics of culture, in
what instances/situations can you use them during this time of pandemic? What does it imply to you?
Write your answers inside the box. Use separate paper for your answers.

Page 6 of 8
I. Evaluating learning – Weekly Assessment (Written Work)
ACTIVITY 7 - Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Use a separate paper for your answers.
____ 1. An offshoot of increased food chain, several groups become wealthy and able to acquire lands and
declared these as their own domain. It is based on ownership of land. What type of preindustrial is
this?
A. Agrarian Society C. Horticultural society
B. Feudal Society D. Pastoral society

____ 2. More advanced societies, dominated by information, services, and high technology, surfaced. What
type of society is this?
A. Industrial societies C. Pre-industrial societies
B. Modern societies D. Post-industrial societies

____ 3. It is what a person has made for himself/herself through time, material or non-material still useful or
not anymore, all to provide benefits for his society.
A. Culture B. Law C. Norms D. Society

____ 4. These are the elements of non-material culture.

A. Beliefs, values, norms, folkways, ideas, knowledge
B. Values, norms, tradition, ideas, beliefs, folkways
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

____ 5. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of society?

A. It’s nature of being dynamic and changeable.
B. Humans do not live alone, isolated from each other. Instead, individuals tend to live in
communities with other people to help one another.
C. Society is static.
D. None of the above

____ 6. The prevailing method food production during this period is through pastoralism, more efficient than
the subsistence method. What type of pre-industrial societies is this?
A. Agrarian Society C. Horticultural society
B. Feudal Society D. Pastoral society

____ 7.It is a group of people interacting with each other and having a common culture; sharing common
geographical or territorial domain, and having relatively common aspirations.
A. Culture B. Law C. Norms D. Society

____ 8. Culture within a social group is transmitted to succeeding generations through imitation
and instruction. What kind of characteristics of culture is this?
A. Culture is adaptive C. Culture is learned
B. Culture is changeable D. Culture is transmitted

Page 7 of 8
____ 9. Culture is “that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs and
any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”

A. Alfred Kroeber B. C. Wright Mills C. Edward B. Tylor D. Franz Boaz

____10. What are the main types of culture?

A. Formal and non-formal culture C. State and non-state
B. Material and non-material culture D. All of the above

____11. Is a group of people interacting with each other and having a common culture; sharing common
geographical or territorial domain, and having relatively common aspirations.
A. Acculturalization B. Culture C. Society D. Sociocultural
____12. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. Culture is adaptive C. Culture is learned
B. Culture is changeable D. Culture is transmitted

____13. Humans do not live alone and isolate themselves from each other. Instead, individuals tend to
live in communities with other people to help one another.
A. Yes, it is absolutely true. C. Maybe, it is true.
B. No, humans can live alone. D. Either yes or no.

____14. Habits, customs, and repetitive patterns of behavior, is an EXAMPLE of _______.

A. Evidence Culture C. Non-based Culture
B. Material Culture D. Non-material Culture

____15. It includes of man’s concepts of his physical, social and cultural world as manifested in people’s
beliefs and values.
A. Belief B. Customs C. Folkways D. Ideas

J. Additional activities for application or remediation

Situation: Different people are endowed with different gifts or talents distinct from others. Some are good
at carpentry, others good at farming or in teaching, to name some few professions or strengths. Imagine if
everyone is a fisherman, who would provide us with crops or who build our houses or who would sew our
clothes? Individual differences are not accidental but natural in every one of us.

Question: What is your gift or talent that you can share to others and can help our society especially during
this time of pandemic? Write your answer on the space provided. Use a separate paper for your answer.

Your answer will be checked using the criteria below:

Content/ Relevance to the topic 20%
Organization of ideas 20%
Quality of writing 10%
_____________
Total: 50 points
Page 8 of 8