Contemporary

Philippine Arts
from the
Regions
Daniela S. Bacarisas
PRE-CONQUEST ISLAMIC SPANISH

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

70’S
AMERICAN JAPANESE
CONTEMPORARY
American Colonial
Period (1898-1940)
to the Postwar Republic
(1946-1969)
 Bound by the Treaty of
Paris in 1898, Spain
“surrendered” the
Philippines to the United
States.
Treaty of Paris – signed December 10, 1898 for $20M
including Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines
Don Felipe Agoncillo y Encarnación was the Filipino
lawyer representative to the negotiations in Paris
that led to the Treaty of Paris
 From 1899 to 1913, the bloody
Philippine-American war occurred.
 What were the
changes brought about
by the American
colonization?
Sedition Law which banned the
writing, printing, and publication
of materials advocating
Philippine independence , and
engaging in activities
Tanikalang Ginto “Golden Chain” 1902
– Juan Abad
 Tanikalang Ginto “Golden Chain” 1902
– Juan Abad
The theme of the story is
Nationalism. The story is about the
freedom and love. The characters
symbolized nationalism. He wrote
the story in the nationalistic way of
expressing how are we during
American colonization and how
wanted freedom for our country.
Hindi Ako Patay“I Am
Not Dead” 1903 Juan
Matapang Cruz
Hindi Ako Patay “I Am Not Dead” 1903
- Juan Matapang Cruz
The play talks about the love between
Karangalan and Tangulan. Also, their opposition to
Macamcam. Tangulan and Macamcam battle
out and Tangulan dies.

“akala nila patay na si Tangulan pero ang totoo

hindi pa siya patay. Tumayo siya bigla at sumigaw
ng "I AM NOT DEAD"/ "HiNDI AKO PATAY".”
 Kahapon, Ngayon, at
Bukas “Yesterday, Today,
and Tomorrow” 1903 –
Aurelio Tolentino
Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas “Yesterday, Today,
and Tomorrow” 1903 – Aurelio Tolentino
It is an anti-imperialist play attacking the new
colonizers (at that time), the Americans, while not
forgiving the old ones – Mother Spain and Old China,
who want to feast on the Philippines’ wealth.

Its main scene is the liberation of Taga-Ilog or

Juan de la Cruz who is, at the play’s beginning,
shackled and in prison.
Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas “Yesterday, Today,
and Tomorrow” 1903 – Aurelio Tolentino
Drama Simbolico – One-act plays came to represent a deep and
profound yearning for freedom.
 Modern Filipina 1915
Lino Castillejo and Jesus Araullo

The first Filipino play written in English

Vaudeville
 Originated from France, another form of
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZo4imTt4Og

theater which the Americans introduced that

became popular in the Philippines during the

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0i96zvHv4x8
1920s.

It is a collection of slapstick, songs,

dances, acrobatics, comedy skits, chorus girls,
magic acts, and stand-up comic acts would
be known locally as bodabil.
The Beginning of
th
20 Century
 Commissioned by the American government
to design Manila and Baguio. Architect William
Parsons implemented the Burnham Plan.

Inspired by the City Beautiful Movement

introduced in 1893 at the Chicago World Fair
Daniel Burnham Architect William Parsons
Buildings in Manila that exemplify Neoclassic Architecture include the
Post Office and the Legislative Building (now the National Art Gallery)

Manila Central Post Office- Liwasang Bonifacio, Ermita, Manila

Manila Central Post Office- May 22, 2023
Legislative Building (now the National Art Gallery)
Metropolitan Theater - Plaza Lawton, Ermita, Manila
 the Post Office, the Metropolitan Theater, and the
Legislative Building. Interestingly, all three designs
involved a brilliant Filipino architect by the name of
Juan Marcos Arellano y de Guzmán

Juan Marcos Arellano y de Guzmán Don Tomás Bautista Mapúa Andrés Pardo de Tavera Luna Antonio Manalac Toledo
April 25, 1888-December 5, 1960 (December 21, 1888 – FPIA (September 9, 1887 – January 14 June 1890 - 1972
December 22, 1965) 22, 1952)
Juan Marcos Arellano y de Guzmán
Don Tomás Bautista Mapúa
Antonio Manalac Toledo
Andrés Pardo de Tavera Luna
In 1909, School of Fine Arts was opened.
In 1909, School of Fine Arts was opened.

Rafael Villanueva Enriquez Don Fabián de la Rosa y Cueto

A peninsulares (Spanish-born resident of the (May 5, 1869 – December 14, 1937)
Philippines)
Portrait of a Lady with a Basket The Death of D. Simon de
of Lemons in Traditional Anda
Spanish Dress, 1885 (Detail)
Known for his naturalist painting characterized by restraint
and formality in brushwork , choice of somber colors and
subject matters.

Planting Rice (1921) El Kundiman (1930)

 NATIONAL ARTIST 1972
Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto (1892-1972)
Known for his romantic paintings that captured the
glow of the Philippine sunlight. Had produced
Warm numerous portraits of prominent individuals,
genre scenes highlighting the beauty of dalagang
Filipina, idyllic landscapes; historical paintings.

The Philippine Readers

Dalagang Filipina
Logo Design for Ginebra San Miguel The Independent
 NATIONAL ARTIST 1973
Guillermo Estrella Tolentino (July 24, 1890 – July 12, 1976)

Represents the National Artist Awards

for Sculpture in 1973. He is consider as
the “Father of Philippine Art” because
of his great works like the famous
“Bonifacio Monument” symbolizing
Filipinos cry for freedom located in
intersection of EDSA and Rizal Avenue
and “The Oblation” in UP signifying
academic freedom .
OBLATION

In fields of battle, deliriously fighting,

Others give you their lives, without

doubt, without regret;
Where there’s cypress, laurel or lily,
On a plank or open field, in combat
or cruel martyrdom,

If the home or country asks, it's all the

same--it matters not.
OBLATION

The completely nude figure

of a young man with
outstretched arms and open
hands, with tilted head,
closed eyes and parted lips
murmuring a prayer, with
breast forward in the act of
offering himself, is my
interpretation of that
sublime stanza.
OBLATION
It symbolizes all the unknown
heroes who fell during the night.
The statue stands on a rustic base,
a stylized rugged shape of the
Philippine archipelago, lined with
big and small hard rocks, each of
which represents an island. The
“katakataka” (wonder plant)
whose roots are tightly implanted
on Philippine soil, is the link that
binds the symbolized figure to the
allegorical Philippine Group.
OBLATION

“Katakataka” is really a wonder

plant. It is called siempre vivo
(always alive) in Spanish. A leaf or
a piece of it thrown anywhere will
sprout into a young plant. Hence,
it symbolizes the deep-rooted
patriotism in the heart of our
heroes. Such patriotism
continually and forever grows
anywhere in the Philippines.
OBLATION

The statue's model was

Anastacio Caedo, his
assistant, whose physique
was combined with the
proportion of Virgilio
Raymundo, his brother-in-
law.
Oblation – Quezon Hall, UP Diliman
Oblation – UP Manila
Oblation – UP Main Library
Bonifacio Monument
An obelisk, rises to a height of 13.7 m
(45 ft); the obelisk is made up of five
parts representing five aspects of the
society, "Kataastaasan,
Kagalanggalang na Katipunan ng
mga Anak ng Bayan (Highest and
Most Venerable Association of the
Sons of the Nation)". It is crowned by a
figure with wings representing
triumph. Below the vertical pylon 20
figures cast in bronze have been
molded over an octagonal shaped
plinth, plus one angel of peace at the
top. Bonifacio Monument
The octagon represents the eight
provinces who fought against Spain
and also represents eight rays of the
Katipunan flag. The plinth is raised in
three steps, each step representing
the three centuries of Spanish rule.
These figures are a representation of
the people of Philippines, who faced
inequality, agony and suppression
under the colonial rule which
eventually ended in an armed
revolution in 1896.
Bonifacio Monument
The main central image of the
monument holds a bolo, a machete, in
the right hand and a gun in the other
hand. At the back of the central figure
a flag of Katipunan in an unfurled state
is depicted. A remarkable feature of
the molded images of the human
figures is the classic style with detailing
marked by realistic expressions
reflecting the revolutionary spirit with
an "upright head and body" and with
arms spread on the sides. The central
obelisk is surrounded by pools of water.

Bonifacio Monument
The contract for its
construction was
reportedly worth
₱125,000 (equivalent to
₱38,986,072 in 2021).

Bonifacio Monument
Ramon Magsaysay Award Seal of the Republic of the Philippines
 ACADEMIC ART

The kind of art that was

influenced by European
academies; tradition of
painting and sculpture of
Amorsolo’s and
Tolentino’s
 NATIONAL ARTIST 1976
Victorio Candido Edades (December 23, 1895 – March 7, 1985)

MODERN ART MOVEMENT

The Father of Modern Philippine Art
 The Builders 1928

Showed distorted figures of toiling workers using dull

color; a shift in the treatment of form and subject
matter.