Scribd
Upload
13 views

Week 2 Notes

Here are the step-by-step workings: (a) Pilot's speed relative to air = 160 km/h Wind speed = 40 km/h due East Required bearing = 130° + arctan(40/160) = 137.3° (b) Speed over ground = √(1602 - 402) = 152 km/h (c) Time taken = Distance / Speed over ground = 240 km / 152 km/h = 1.58 hours = 95 minutes So the answers are: (a) 137.3° (b) 152 km/h (c) 95 minutes

Uploaded by

Ruai Lok Riek Yang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

Week 2 Notes

Here are the step-by-step workings: (a) Pilot's speed relative to air = 160 km/h Wind speed = 40 km/h due East Required bearing = 130° + arctan(40/160) = 137.3° (b) Speed over ground = √(1602 - 402) = 152 km/h (c) Time taken = Distance / Speed over ground = 240 km / 152 km/h = 1.58 hours = 95 minutes So the answers are: (a) 137.3° (b) 152 km/h (c) 95 minutes

Uploaded by

Ruai Lok Riek Yang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

1.

REVIEW OF VECTORS
• Definitions:
• Mechanics is a branch of Science which deals with the action of forces on
bodies. Mechanics has two branches called Statics and Dynamics
• Statics is the branch of Mechanics which deals with bodies remain at rest
under the influence of forces.
• Dynamics is the branch of Mechanics which deals with bodies in motion
under the action of
• forces.
• Space: The region where various events take place is called a space.
Definition…...
• Body: A portion of a matter is called a body.
• Rigid body: A body consists of innumerable particles in which the distance between any
two particles remains the same in all positions of the body is called a rigid body.
• Particle: A particle is a body which is very small whose position at any time coincides with
a
• point.
• Motion: If a body changes its position under the action of forces, then it is said to be in
• motion.
• Path of a particle: It is the curve joining the different positions of the particle in space
while
• in motion.
• Speed: The rate at which the body describes its path. It is a scalar quantity.
Common Terms used in Vectors
• A vector quantity is one for which direction is important as well as magnitude (i.e size)
• Some important vector quantities are:
• Displacement (vector quantity): It is the change in the positions of a particle in a certain
• interval.
• Velocity (vector quantity): It is the rate of change of displacement.
• Acceleration (vector quantity): It is the rate of change of velocity.
• Force (vector): Force is any cause which produces or tends to produce a change in the
existing state of rest of a body or of its uniform motion in a straight line. Force is represented
by a straight line (through the point of application) which has both magnitude and direction.
Common Terms used in Vectors……

Equilibrium: A body at rest under the action of any number of forces on it is said to be in
Equilibrium
Equilibrium of two forces
Q P
If two forces P, Q act on a body such that they have equal magnitude, opposite directions,
same line of action then they are in equilibrium.

Types of forces: Weight, attraction, repulsion, tension, thrust, friction etc.


1.1 Vector Representation
Any vector can be represented by a section of a line (called a line segment). The direction of the
line gives the direction of the vector and the length of the line represents the magnitude of the
vector.

If the line labelled AB, the vector it represents is written 𝐴𝐵 The order of the letters indicates
the direction of the vector. The vector 𝐵𝐴 is represented by the same line but in the opposite
direction

Two vectors are equal if they have equal magnitudes and the same direction. i.e 𝑎 = 𝑏 and if the
direction is reversed the 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 are equal and opposite 𝑎 = −𝑏
1.2 Vector Addition
Done using head to tail method or triangular law

𝑅 =𝑄+𝑃
Examples

1. In a triangle ABC, M is the midpoint of AC. 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑎 and 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑏, Find in terms of 𝑎


and 𝑏
(a) 𝐴𝐶 (b) 𝐶𝐴 (c) 𝐴𝑀 (d) 𝑀𝐵
1 1
2. In triangle OAB , 𝑂𝐴 = 3𝑎 , 𝑂𝐵 = 3𝑏 𝑂𝑄 = 𝑂𝐴 and 𝑂𝑃 = 𝑂𝐵 AP and BQ meet
3 3
at R.
(a) Express 𝑃𝐴 and 𝑄𝐵 each in terms of 𝑎 and 𝑏
(b) Given that 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑘𝑄𝐵 and 𝑃𝑅 = ℎ𝑃𝐴 , find two expressions for 𝑄𝑅 in terms of 𝑎 , 𝑏
, h and k by considering (i) ∆𝑂𝑄𝑅 (ii) ∆𝑂𝑃𝑅
(c) By equating these two expressions find the value of k and hence find the ratio in which R
divides QB.
BREAK
We have a Break of 5 minutes only

Please observe time.


1.3 Resultants and Components
When two (or more) vectors are added, the single equivalent vector is called the resultant vector.
The vectors that are combined are called components.
Consider two forces acting on a body as shown

The resultant vector/Force is got by head to tail rule as shown below


1.3 Resultants and Components….
•

Solution
Solutions…..
Worked Example
•
Solutions…..
Solutions…..
Worked Example

• Example 3 ( Assignment 1)
The pilot of a light plane with a speed of 160 km/h when the air
still, has to fly from a base B to an airfield A that is on a bearing
of 130𝑜 from B. The pilot learns that a wind is blowing at 40
km/h due east.
(a) On what bearing should he set his course in order to fly
directly to the airfield?
(b) What is the speed of the plane over the ground?
(c) If the distance AB is 240 km, how long does the flight take?

You might also like