SOCIAL SCIENCE - TERM 1

CONTENTS

SL.No Topics Page No.

1 What, Where and When 3-17

2 In the Earliest Cities 18-33

3 Maps 35-43

4 Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes 45-60

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 CHAPTER -1 WHAT, HOW AND WHEN
Subtopics:

 Finding out what happened.

 What can we know about the past?

 Where did people live?

 Names of the land

 Finding out about the past.

 One past or many?

 What do dates mean?

1. Observe the given word search and find out different words related to History with
help of clue box.

Hundred years, Evidence, Hunters, History, Past, Farmers, Archaeologist,

People, Old, Source

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2. Discover the occupation, food and the dress that your grandparents used in their
earlier days.

Occupation Food Dress

3. Look at the physical map of the subcontinent and answer the following questions.

B) Circle the followings in the map: Rivers: Narmada, Indus. Hills: Sulaiman, Garo.

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4. Use the timeline to sequence the important historical events.

5. Think and write.

Why South Asia is called Subcontinent?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

6. Assertion -Reason type questions.

In the questions given below, there are three statements marked as Assertion(A) and
Reason (R).

Read the statements and choose the correct options.

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true.

1. Assertion (A): People lived on the banks of Narmada for many hundred thousand years.
Reason(R): They were old stone age people.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Assertion (A): Kingdom of Magadha was in Bengal.
Reason(R): Its rulers were very powerful.
_______________________________________________________________________

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7. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.

Throughout, people travelled from one part of the subcontinent to another. The hills and
high mountains including the Himalayas, deserts, rivers and seas made journeys dangerous
at times, but never impossible. So, men and women moved in search of livelihood, as also to
escape from natural disasters like floods or droughts. Sometimes men marched in armies,
conquering others' lands. Besides, merchants travelled with caravans or ships, carrying
valuable goods from place to place.
1. Why did people travel?
(a) In search of livelihood (b) To escape from natural disasters
(c) For trade (d) All of these
2. Why were the journeys dangerous?
(a) Because of high mountains and hills (b) Because of big rivers and seas
(c) Because of vast expanse of deserts (d) All of these
3. Why were journeys never impossible?
(a) Due to man's desire and needs (b) Due to quest for knowledge
(c) Both of these (d) None of these

Activity:

8. List at least five different craft that you know about today. Are the craftsperson-

a) men b) women c) both men and women.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

9. Compare and contrast the medium and reasons for travelling of people in earlier
time and recent time.

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10. Correct the false statements given below.
a) Inscriptions are writing relatively on soft surface such as sponge or paper.
___________________________________________________________________________
b) Ordinary people often kept records of victories in battle.
___________________________________________________________________________
c) The people who study about the technologies are called archaeologists.
___________________________________________________________________________
d) The scientists’ study about the remains of buildings made of stone and brick, paintings and
sculpture.
__________________________________________________________________________

11. Complete the Flow Chart.

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12. List out the advantages and disadvantages of writing on a hard surface.

Advantages Disadvantages

13. Identify these pictures and explain in what ways are these different from the one
we used today?

a) b)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

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 WORKSHEET
1. Complete the word puzzle with the help of clue given

ACROSS
2. Dig under the surface of the earth.
3. A page from a palm leaf
5. Writings on relatively hard surfaces.

DOWN
1. The people who study about the objects.

2. Write the abbreviation of the following terms.

AD: _____________________________

CE: ______________________________

BCE: _____________________________

BP: ______________________________

SELF-ASSESSMENT

1. Who Am I?
1) I am a page from a palm leaf and people used to write on me.
________________________

2) I am the tributary of river Ganga. ________________________

3) People used me to study about history and you can see me on hard surface such as stone
or metal.
__________________________________

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2. Fill in the blanks

a) Two words often use for our country________________________________

b) The word India comes from ____________________ ___________________

c) The Iranians and Greeks named India _______________________________

d) the group of people who lived in the northwest __________________________

3.Case Study Based Questions.
• Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.
Over the years, many manuscripts were eaten away by insects, some were destroyed, but
many have survived, often preserved in temples and monasteries. These books dealt with all
kinds of subjects’ religious beliefs and practices, the lives of kings, medicine, and science.
Besides, there were epics. poems, plays. Many of these were written in Sanskrit, others were
in Prakrit (languages used by ordinary people) and Tamil.
1. Which manuscripts have survived?
(a) Those eaten away by insects (b) Those preserved in temples and
monasteries
(c) Those kept in private libraries (d) All of these
2. Which language was used by masses?
(a) Sanskrit (b) Tamil
(c) Prakrit (d) Hindi
4. You have to interview an archaeologist. Prepare a list of five questions that you would
like to ask her/him.
1. ________________________________________________________________________

2._________________________________________________________________________

3._________________________________________________________________________

4._________________________________________________________________________

5._________________________________________________________________________

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 Art integrated Activity
 Make a model of different objects that used by past people for thousand years
ago.

Extended learning Activity

 Conduct an exhibition in school to show the model of objects that past people
used in thousand years ago.

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 MAP WORK

 Locate the following on the map of India. (Indus, Ravi, Ganga)

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 CHAPTER – 3 IN THE EARLIEST CITIES

Sub-topics:
 The story of Harappa
 What was special about these cities?
 Houses, drains and streets.
 Life in the city
 New craft in the city
 In search of raw materials
 Food for people in the cities
 A closer look-Harappan towns in Gujarat
 The mystery of the end
Introduction
1. Observe and find out different items that used for construction in your
surroundings. Then list out the materials which were used to make
these.

Items Materials

2. Very often, old buildings are pulled down to make way for new
construction. Do you think it is important to preserve old buildings?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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 List at least two differences between the houses described here and the
skilled gatherers who lived in the forest for hunting.

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________
3. Complete the concept map by filling the information related to the topic.

4. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.
In some cities, special buildings were constructed on the citadel. For example,
in Mohenjo-Daro, a very special tank, which archaeologists call the Great
Bath, was built in this area. This was lined with bricks, coated with plaster,
and made water-tight with a layer of natural tar. There were steps leading
down to it from two sides, while there were rooms on all sides. Water was
probably brought in from a well and drained out after use. Perhaps important
people took a dip in this tank on special occasions.
1. Where was the Great Bath built?
a) Harappa (b) Mohenjo-Daro (c) Lothal (d) Chanhudaro
___________________________________________________________

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 2. Who took dip in the Great Bath
(a) Masses (b) Classes (c) Priests (d) Merchants
_______________________________________________________________
3. Why were rooms built around the Great Bath?
(a) To spend the night (b) To change clothes (c) To wash clothes (d) To sleep after bath
_______________________________________________________________

6. Assertion-Reason Type Questions.

In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion
(A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true.
1.Assertion (A): Lothal had fire altars.

Reason (R): Sacrifices were performed at fire altars.

___________________________________________________________________
7. Observe the given map and answer the following questions

a) Which are the earliest cities in the sub-continent?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

b) Write the name of earliest cities that found in the following states and country.
Punjab: _____________ Gujarat: ________________
Rajasthan: ______________ Pakistan: _______________

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 c) What were the set of unique objects that archaeologist found in these cities?
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

8. Observe the pictures and discover features of the houses, drains and streets of
Harappan cities.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

9.Look at the pictures and answer the following questions.

a) Identify the picture:

b) What was called for a special building in Mohenjo-Daro?

c) How was built this?

d) Who were used to took a dip in this tank?

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10. List at least two differences between the houses described here and the
skilled gatherers who lived in the forest for hunting.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
11.Observe the following pictures and fill in the blanks

12. Identify the raw materials that used by Harappan people.

______________________________________________________________________

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 Activity
 Make a list of all the terracotta toys shown in the lesson. Make a
model of any one terracotta toy. Which do you think children would
have enjoyed playing with the most?
_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

13. Look at the illustration. Can you suggest what the modes of transport used

by the Harappans were?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
13. Write the answers in one sentence.
a) Who supplied food to craft persons, scribes and rulers in the cities?

b) How did the Harappans irrigate their fields and grow plants?
_________________________________
c) What is the use of plough?
__________________________________

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14. Look at the picture given below. Please state its use in earlier
times. Are we presently using something

like this?

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

16. Short answer type questions.

a) Describe the probable causes that brought the Harappan civilization to an

abrupt end?
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

b) Why and how was faience used?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

c) What similarities and differences do you find in the religious beliefs of

Harappans and present - day Indians.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

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 ______________________________________________________________
WORKSHEET

1. Observe the given word search and find out the words in the box.

2. Complete the time line by adding important dates.

3. Imagine you are travelling with your parents, about 4000 years ago, from Lothal to
Mohenjo-Daro. Describe how would you travel, what your parents might carry with
them and what you would see in Mohenjo-Daro?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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 SELF ASSESSMENT

1. Choose the correct option and write the explanation.

(i) Cotton cultivation took place approximately _ years ago.

a. 10000 years ago b. 5000 years ago c. 7000 years ago d. 8000 years ago

________________________________________________________

(ii) Pyramids are the situated in .

a. Egypt b. Africa c. Afghanistan d. China

_____________________________________________________

2. Fill in the blanks.

a) The western part of Harappan cities, which was usually smaller but
higher, has been referred to as the
_______________________________________
b) The eastern part of Harappan cities, which was usually larger but lower,
has been referred to as the
______________________________________
c) The Great Bath was made watertight with a layer of
__________________

3.Write true or false and correct the false statements.

a) All the raw materials that the Harappans used were available locally.

_________________________________________________________________

b) Lothal was situated near areas where bronze and copper were easily available.

__________________________________________________________________

c) The city of Lothal stood beside a tributary of the Ganga, in Gujarat.

__________________________________________________________________
4. Define the Following
a) Citadel

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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b) Irrigation _______________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

c) Seal____________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

5. .List the main sites of Harappan civilization.

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Art integrated activity

 Make a model of beads, ornaments, pots and tools that used by Harappan
people.

Extended learning activity

 Visit Bahrain National Museum and observe the lifestyle,
occupation, tools, ornaments, that used by old Bahraini people
and make a comparative study about old Bahraini civilization
and Harappan civilization.

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 MAP WORK
 On the given map of the Indian subcontinent locate and label the
following cities of Indus civilization.
(Harappa, Mehrgarh, Mohenjo-Daro , Lothal)

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ANSWER KEY FOR REFERENCE

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 CHAPTER 4 – MAPS
Topics
 Introduction
 Different types of Maps
 Components of Maps

Introduction
Compass Points and Directions:

1. A compass is a tool that tells you the directions. Can you help, put the directions
where they should be?

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2. Labelling types of maps:

Directions: Label the different types of maps (Physical, Political, Thematic). Describe
what each type of map shows.

3. Observe the given map of a village carefully and tick the correct answer (use
symbols).

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 A. What kind of road passes by the side of village Vasantpur?
a) Metaled b) Un-Metaled c) Railway line d) None of these
B. In which direction is the river flowing?
a) South b) South-East c) South-west d) North
C. Near which village is the railway station located?
a) Sundarpur b) Dumri c) Vasantpur d) None of these
4. Draw the map symbols of the following:
1 Highways

2 Tunnels
3 Bridges
4 River
5 Police station
6 International boundaries
7 State boundaries
8 Lakes

5. Reading a map

A. Label N, S, E and W on the Compass rose.

B. Color the land green and the water blue.
C. Write north, south, east or west to complete each sentence.
a) The rowboats are …………………. of the campfire.
b) The caping trailers are ………………. of the tents.
c) The cabins are ………………… of the tents.

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 d) The campfire is ………………… of the camping trailers.
e) The island is ………………….. of the cabin

f) Below each map, write the correct title from the list, under each map
write one use for this type of map.

World map Globe Road map Aerial photograph

6. Differentiate between a map and a plan.

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7. Draw the conventional symbols for each of the following features.

Railway line: Broad gauge Meter gauge Railway station

Roads: Metaled Unmetaled

Boundary: International State District

Bridge River Well Tank

Chhatri Temple Church Mosque

Post office Post and telegraph Police station Canal

Office

Settlement Graveyard Trees Grass

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 WORKSHEET
1. Fill in the blanks:
a) Mapmaker also known as
……………………………………………………………………….
b) Key of the map tells about the ……………………………………. ………………
used on map.
c) …………………………………… of the map tells us the relationship between
distances shown between any two places on the map and actual distances between
these two places on the Earth.
d) Lines of latitude are also known as
……………………………………………………………..
e) Lines of longitude are also known as
……………………………………………………………..

2. Match the following and re write in the given column below.

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 3. Tick the correct choice:
A. A compass rose on a map
a) Shows symbols of a map b) Tells the directions of a map c) Shows scale of a
map
B. What are directions like Northeast, Northwest, Southeast and Southwest called?
a) Absolute b) Cardinal c) Intermediate
C. Map showing features such as state boundaries or international boarders are called
a) Physical maps b) Thematic maps c) Political maps
D. Which feature of the map helps you to find exact distance between two places shown
on the map?
a) Legend or the key b) The scale bar c) The compass rose
E. Useful for measuring position north or south of the equator?
a) Lines of latitude b) Lines of longitude c) Map legends

Extract Based Questions:

It is a representation of the Earth's surface on a flat two-dimensional surface. It can be drawn
according to a scale. All the details of a continent, country state, city and local areas can be
shown with all the details. There is another tool to represent earth i.e., a globe. A globe is a
three-dimensional scale model of the earth or other round body. Because it is spherical, or
ball-shaped, it can represent surface features, directions, and distances more accurately than a
flat map.

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 1. What does 'It' refer to in this extract?

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Define Scale.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Write any two types of the geographical tools / sources mentioned in the extract.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS:
1.What is the utility of colors and symbols?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………...............
2.Give a reason why political maps use more number of colors as compared to physical
maps?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
Art Integrated Activity:
 Draw a sketch of your locality. show all the important landmarks on it.

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 Extended Learning Activity
 Prepare a chart showing conventional signs and symbols given in the lesson.

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 CHAPTER 2– GLOBE: LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES
Topics
 Introduction
 Globe
 Latitudes and Longitudes
 Important Parallel of Latitudes and Longitudes
 Heat zones of the Earth
 Longitude and Time
 Why do we have standard time?

Introduction
Maps and Globes
1. Write the characteristics in the correct side:

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 MAPS GLOBE Are flat Show the whole planet.
Can show us many Sphere shape
places
Are models of the Help us find our way
Earth
Only show the Show us different
continents and oceans places and use for
directions
Drawings of places Can be on paper or on
(Map key) the computer

2.Compare Globe and Map:- Tick the correct option given below

a) They represent the Earth as it really is.

Map Globe Both

b) They Represent the World as flat.

Map Globe Both

c) They have lines of Longitudes and Latitudes

Map Globe Both

2. List three reasons why maps and globes are useful tools for studying earth.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

The World on a Globe

3. Picture interpretation:
a) What does a Globe Look alike?

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) What can you see on a Globe?

…………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Where do you live on earth?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

d) When you look at Globe, do you see more water or land?

…………………………………………………………………………………..
e) Would you rather own a map or a globe? Explain your answer.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Picture analysis:

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 a) Does the Equator run through North America?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...........................................................................................................
b) Which are the seven continents?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Which are the four Oceans?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………............................................................................................................
d) In which hemispheres is most of South America?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Analyze the diagram and answer the following questions:

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 a) Is Asia in the Eastern or Western Hemisphere?
………………………………........................
b) Which ocean is entirely north of the Equator?
……………………………………………….
c) On the Map, is East, to right or the left ?..
……………………………………………………
d) The north pole is
the…………………………………………………………….of the Globe?
e) The area south of the Equator is called Southern ….
……………………………………...…?

Code Fill in the blanks with the first letter of the answers written above (a – e) to figure
Word out the secret code word.

6. Label the pictures using the terms given below.

 Longitudes  Latitudes  Equator lines

7. Select the capitals of 10 countries and by using an atlas, write down the
Longitudes and Latitudes of these capitals. (Assignment).

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8. Name the major latitudes and poles marked in the following diagram:

a ……………………………………………………………
b…………………………………………………………….
c…………………………………………………………….
d……………………………………………………………
e……………………………………………………………
f…………………………………………………………….
g…………………………………………………………..

9. Complete the table and then label the world map with the climate zones.

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10. Observe the given picture and answer the following questions:

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11. Look at the following map and answer these questions

How much is the time difference between;

1. India and China……………………………….
2. India and France………………………………
3. India and Pakistan……………………………..
4. India and Brazil………………………………..
5. India and USA (Eastern Time)………………….
6. India and Alaska (USA)…………………………
7. India and UK…………………………………….

WORKSHEET
1. Choose the correct option.
A. Number of hours in each time zone.

a. 3 b. 2 c. 1 d. 4
B. Equator gets……………. hours of daylight every day.

a. 7 b. 6 c. 12 d. 8
C. How many time zones are there in USA?

a. 6 b. 20 c. 12 d. 7
D. The southernmost place on the earth.

a. South pole b. Meridian c. Equator d. Hemisphere

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E. Important lines of latitude include Equator, Tropic of cancer and Capricorn.

a. True b. False
F. Prime Meridian and International Date line are important lines of longitude?

a. True b. False
G. We use latitude and longitude to pinpoint and exact……………. on the earth.

a. Place b. Location c. Relative Location

H. One half of the Earth’s surface is called:

a. Longitude b. Latitude c. Hemisphere

2. Match the following and re write in the given below column.

Column A Column B

1. Vertical rays of the sun a. Equator

2. Slanting rays of the sun b. Southern Hemisphere

3. Tropic of Cancer c. Important latitude

4. South Frigid d. Northern Hemisphere

5. Antarctic Circle e. Heat zone

6. Arctic Circle f. Poles

Column A Column B

3. Write
True or
False and
if false
correct
the
statements:
a) The Equator is a line of latitude.

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 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) The Prime Meridian is a line of longitude.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Lines of Latitude go from North to South.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Globes are two-dimensional replica of the Earth.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
e) Globes are more accurate representation of how the Earth looks.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Name the following.
a) The hottest Zone: ………………………………………………………………………
b) The zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Arctic Circle in the North and Tropic of
Capricorn and Antarctic Circle in the South:
…………………………………………..............................................
c) It helps to determine the time at a place:
…………………………………………………………….
d) The Standard Meridian for India:
……………………………………………………………………
e) The time difference between Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and Indian Standard
Time (IST)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

Case Study
On the basis of the latitudinal extent, the globe is divided into three broad heat zones.The
temperature in all the three zones varies-depending upon position of the Sun. one zone is the
hottest, whereas the other two are temperate and the coldest.
1. Name the three zones into which the world’s climate has been divided.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Name the hottest zone.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. .Name the zone which is neither too hot nor cold.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. State a reason for the variation of temperature in different heat zones.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
1. How do latitudes and longitudes help us?

Ans:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What are the advantages of a globe? (Any three)

Ans:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

Art Integrated Activity

 Draw the labelled diagram showing important latitudes and Heat Zones.

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 Extended learning Activity
 Prepare a working model of Globe.

*********

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