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A Study on the Effect of Starch Temperature Changes on Packaging Paper

Production in Size Press Machine

Conference Paper · September 2020

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 ORENKO 2020
International Forest Products Congress
September 23-26, 2020 - TURKEY

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF STARCH TEMPERATURE CHANGES ON PACKAGING

PAPER PRODUCTION IN SIZE PRESS MACHINE

Tamer Sözbir1 Cihangir H. Oba1

[email protected] [email protected]

Ahmet Tutuş2 Mustafa Çiçekler2

[email protected] [email protected]
(ORC-ID: 0000-0003-2922-4916) (ORC-ID: 0000-0001-5793-2827)

KMKPaper Co., R&D Center, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey

1

2
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Industry
Engineering, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey

Abstract
In this study, effect of temperature on the use of starch in packaging paper production and
to find optimum use of starch, the properties of starch such as dry matter amount, viscosity and
pH value were evaluated by continuously measuring. Fluting (90 gr/m2), NSSC (120 gr/m2) and Test
liner (110 gr/m2) paper types using waste paper as raw material were selected as the most
common production types and their strength values were measured. All production conditions
were kept constant and measurements were made by changing the starch temperature in the size
press equipment. Starch obtained from natural corn was used in the size press. According to
obtained data, it was measured that as a result of the increase in starch temperature from 70 °C
to 75 °C, strength values such as burst, CMT and SCT increased by 6% in all paper types. When
the temperature was increased to 80 °C, it was determined that there was an 18% increase
compared to 70 °C. In addition, porosity values of the papers decreased by 7-10% with increasing
temperature. At temperatures above 80 °C, it occurred defects in the paper and problems with
sticking to the felts in the machine became difficult to control.

Keywords: Starch, temperature, packaging paper, strength

1. Introduction
In paper and board production, waste paper efficiency and quality is a very important
issue, especially in paper machines that produce using 100% waste paper. In general, it is one
of the most important and major factors affecting the quality and cost of the produced
paper. Since there is no packaging paper production using 100% cellulose in Turkey, the
papers consist of waste papers that are recycled in the same process. In each paper and
board recycling cycle, the fibers in the paper and board are shortened and weakened
(Edinger, 2004). This creates a strength problem in the paper production. Some auxiliary
substances are used in the production of paper and board to alleviate such problems.
Among these, the most commonly used material is starch (Özden and Sönmez, 2019). The
place where starch is used in paper production is 'Size Press' equipment, this equipment is

ORENKO 2020 Proceedings Oral Presentation 201

composed of 2 coated cylinders and hydraulically presses on paper to increase the
penetration of starch into paper (Smook, 1994; Knowpap, 2013).
Starch must also go through some processes in order to be used in the production and
to reach size press equipment (Özden and Sönmez, 2019). The starch preparation tank is first
filled with cold water and starch is poured into the tank filled with water according to the dry
matter amount of the starch mixture to be made. By injecting steam into the tank, the starch
mixture is brought to a temperature of 95 °C at a suitable mixing speed and cooked for 10
minutes, so that the starch molecules absorb the water and come to a gel form. Then, while
the mixing process continues at this temperature, it is rested for 10 minutes and at the end of
this process, the starch solution is sent to the stock tank. The stock tank is double-walled and
there are steam pipes between the two walls, so that the starch solution is kept warm. The
starch solution is sent from the stock tank to the second stock tank under the press
equipment, which is the end-use place, during this process, the starch temperature decreases
due to the intermediate distance. Here, the starch temperature varies between 65-70 °C.
Such a decrease in the temperature of the starch solution at the end-use area negatively
affects the starch viscosity and indirectly its penetration into the paper, which has a negative
effect on the strength values of the final product (Zijderveld and Stoutjesdijk, 1976; Andersen,
1997). In addition, if the starch mixture is not at the desired high temperature, the problem of
sticking to the cylinder surface arises because the starch called 'picking' in the drying cylinder
where the paper is first contacted after the press equipment where the starch is applied
cannot penetrate well into the paper (Maurer, 2001).
Today, as a result of the decreasing waste paper quality and increasingly need for
stronger paper, paper mills prefer to use starch as the most economical and efficient way to
produce strength paper. Literature studies have shown that in order for starch to have a
better effect on paper, the starch temperature must be kept at the highest possible level and
used at that temperature. In this study, it was aimed to determine the process equipment
required to increase the temperature of starch at the size press and apply it stably on paper
and to determine the effects of starch temperature on the final paper produced. In addition
to the temperature, in order to find an optimum use value, the starch properties such as dry
matter amount, viscosity, and pH value were continuously measured and evaluated.

2. Materials and Methods

This study was carried out in Kahramanmaraş Paper Mill under the coordination of
R&D unit. The modifications within the scope of the study were carried out in two stages. In
line with the plans made according to the purpose of the study, the current situation was
determined first and then a redesign was made in the conventional size press machine (Fig. 1)
for the desired purpose. With the completion of these studies, trials have been carried out.

ORENKO 2020 Proceedings Oral Presentation 202

 Figure 2. Conventional starch application workflow at size press
In the study, three different packaging papers were produced: Fluting (90 g/m2), (NSSC
120 g/m2) and Test liner (110 g/m2). During the production, waste papers, fennopol 351,
fennopol 326, silica (fennosil 2180), CK Floc 640 (Polydadmac), cationic starch (Hi-Cat 643A),
natural starch, nopcomaster ENA 475, papertreat PD and chlorine dioxide were used. The
changes in viscosity properties by heating starch to 60-70-75-80 °C temperatures were also
investigated. At temperatures above 80 °C, it occurred defects in the paper and problems
with sticking to the felts in the machine became difficult to control. The penetration of starch
into paper was also calculated.
Some physical and strength properties of the packaging papers were determined and
tests and standards were given in Table 1.

Table 6. Some physical and strength tests and standards applied to the packaging papers
Tests Standards
Burst Strength (kPa) TS EN ISO 2758
CMT (Corrugated Medium Test) TS EN ISO 7263
CCT (Concora Corrugated Test) TS 12735
SCT (Short Span Compressive
TS ISO 9895
Test)
RCT (Ring Crush Test) TS 12734
Scott Bond (Internal Bond Test) TAPPI 569
Porosity TS ISO 5636-5
Filler Content TS 1683
COBB (Water Absorbency Test) TS EN ISO 535

Ten test papers were produced from the pulps obtained from each experiment and
arithmetic means of the data were used for evaluation of the study.

3. Results and Discussion

The properties of the starch such as dry matter, consumption and viscosity at different
temperatures were given in Table 2 below.

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 Table 7. Some properties of the starch at different temperatures
Paper Temperature (°C)
Starch Properties
Type 60 70 75 80
Dry Matter (%) 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5
Fluting Starch Consumption (gr/m2) 3.6 3.68 3.7 3.74
Viscosity (Pa.s) 82 74 71 66
Dry Matter (%) 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
NSSC Starch Consumption (gr/m2) 6.1 6.21 6.25 6.29
Viscosity (Pa.s) 78 74 71 63
Dry Matter (%) 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
Test Liner Starch Consumption (gr/m2) 5.01 5.14 5.21 5.25
Viscosity (Pa.s) 76 70 68 65

Dry matters of the starches used in fluting, NSSC, and test liner papers were keep
constant as 10.5%, 9.0%, and 7.5%, respectively. Generally, starch consumption rates increased
with the increase temperature of the starch at size press in production of all paper types.
Moreover, viscosity values decreased due to the increases in starch temperature.
The physical and strength properties of the fluting papers with 90 (gr/m2) grammages
were present in Table 3.
Table 8. Some physical and strength properties of the fluting papers produced with using
starch at different temperatures
Starch Temperatures
60 70 75 80
(°C)
Burst Strength (kPa) 1.72 1.75 1.81 1.93
CMT (N) 150 162 178 186
CCT (kN/m) 1.20 1.29 1.35 1.43
SCT (kN/m) 1.21 1.29 1.32 1.42
Porosity (s) 43 42 40 37
Filler Content (%) 14.5 14.6 14.5 14.4

In Table 3, it can be observed that with the increase in starch temperature at size
press, the properties of the fluting papers have improved. With the increase of starch
temperature from 60 °C to 80 °C, burst strength, CMT, CCT and SCT values increased by
12.2%, 24%, 19.2% and 17.4%, respectively. Besides, he surface properties of the fluting papers
have been positively affected by the application of starch at high temperatures at the size
press. The porosity of the fluting papers decreased to 37 s by increasing the applied starch
temperature to 80 °C at size press.
The physical and strength properties of the NSSC papers with 120 (gr/m2) grammages
were present in Table 4.

ORENKO 2020 Proceedings Oral Presentation 204

 Table 9. Some physical and strength properties of the NSSC papers produced with using
starch at different temperatures
Starch Temperatures
60 70 75 80
(°C)
Burst Strength (kPa) 2.36 2.40 2.61 2.80
CMT (N) 290 295 307 332
CCT(kN/m) 2.01 2.01 2.11 2.29
SCT(kN/m) 1.85 1.87 1.90 1.99
Porosity (s) 36 34 34 33
Filler Content (%) 16.4 16.5 16.4 16.5
COBB60 (gr/m2) 35 35 36 34

According to Table 4, NSSC paper properties were enhanced with increasing starch
temperature at size press. However, the use of starch at different temperatures had no
significant effect on the COBB values of NSSC papers. With the increase of the starch
temperature at the size press from 60 °C to 80 °C, the burst strength, CMT, CCT and SCT
values of the NSSC papers increased by 18.6%, 14.5%, 13.9% and 7.6%, respectively, while the
porosity values decreased by 8.3%.
In Table 5, physical and strength properties of test liner papers with 120 (gr/m2)
grammages produced by applying starch at different temperatures were given.

Table 10. Some physical and strength properties of the test liner papers produced with using
starch at different temperatures
60 70 75 80
Burst Strength (kPa) 2.30 2.30 2.60 2.80
RCT (kN/m) 0.78 0.80 0.81 0.83
SCT(kN/m) 1.79 1.80 1.83 1.90
Scott Bond(J/m2) 556 563 581 506
Porosity 46 44 41 37
Filler Content (%) 15.5 15.4 15.5 15.4
COBB60 (gr/m2) 32 31 31 32

In the table, it is seen that the properties of the test liner paper except Scott Bond and
COBB values increased in parallel with the increase in starch temperature. The Scott Bond
value of the test liner decreased approximately 5% when the temperature of the applied
starch was 80 °C. However, when the temperature of the applied starch was 75 °C, the Scott
Bond value of the test liner increased by approximately 4.5% compared to 60 °C. As with the
COBB values of NSSC papers, it was determined that starch application at different
temperatures did not have a significant effect on COBB values of the test liner papers. With
increasing starch temperature at size press from 60 °C to 80 °C, burst strength, RCT and SCT
values of the test liner papers were increased about 21.7%, 6.4% and 6.1%, respectively.
Porosity values of the test liner papers decreased from 46 to 37 by increasing starch
temperature at the size press.

4. Discussion
In Table 2, it is seen that starch consumption increases and viscosity decreases
depending on the temperature increase. Adhesion of starch applied at high temperature
increases within the paper (Hedenqvist, 2002). Thus, an increase is observed in the rate of
starch adhering to the paper surface at size press. Viscosity of starch solution has an

ORENKO 2020 Proceedings Oral Presentation 205

important role in paper production in order to obtain smooth and strength paper (Clerck,
1991). The temperature applied in the preparation of the starch solution directly affects the
viscosity (Harvey and Welling, 1976; Choudhury and Patel, 1992). High viscosity starch solutions
cause problems at size press applications. It causes the formation of a sticky line between the
starch application roller and the rapidly moving paper surface. In this case, which is called as
"size pick up", the paper is in a sense separating from the size press, causing problems
(adhesion), stresses and sometimes ruptures occur in the paper (Andersen, 1997). As a result,
the high starch temperature applied at the size press section can provide the solution of the
above mentioned problems.
In the production of packaging paper, as the temperature of the starch applied in the
press increased, the physical and strength properties improved. The purpose of using starch
in paper production is to improve the strength properties of the paper (Zijderveld and
Stoutjesdijk, 1976). Therefore, the adhesion of starch to the surface of the paper has also
increased the strength values of the paper (Maurer, 2001). In Table 2, it can be seen that as
the application temperature of the starch applied to paper increased, the adhesion rate
increased. One of the factors affecting burst strength is fiber length and the other is internal
bonding (Clark, 1978; Eroğlu, 2003). Since starch applied at high temperature penetrates
better into paper, an increase in burst strength is achieved. The attachment of cationic starch
to cellulose is explained by the ionic interaction that occurs between the cationic groups and
the acidic groups of the cellulose. However, hydrogen bonding to a lesser extent also plays a
role in starch adsorption (Ondaral, S., 2012).
Other properties of the packaging papers such as CMT, CCT, SCT and RCT were also
higher with high temperature starch application as well as burst strength. One of the most
important properties affected by the application of starch to paper at size press is porosity,
i.e. surface roughness (Maurer, 2009). When the tables given above are examined, the
increases in the starch application temperature decreased the porosity values of the
produced packaging papers. One of the problems encountered during the separation of the
paper from the size press after the starch is applied to the paper is the picking. In this case,
one of the solutions can be applied, such as lowering the machine speed, lowering the
viscosity (diluting the starch) or heating the starch solution (Andersen, 1997).

5. Conclusion
It has been observed that some physical and strength properties of the packaging
papers were improved with using starch at 80 °C. It was also determine that the high
temperature of the starch solution applied on the paper eliminates the problems such as
degradation, picking and rupture that at the size press occur. Increases in the temperature of
the starch solution applied provide both more starch penetration into the paper and ease of
application. It is possible to produce high strength paper by increasing the starch
temperature applied at the size press without using any extra chemicals and raw materials.
As a result of this study, application of the starch solution at 80 °C in the size press section
gives optimum results.

6. Acknowledgments
This study was carried out and funded in the R&D department of Kahramanmaraş
Paper Inc. We would like to thank the R&D staff members who contributed to the study.
(KMKPaper, project number: KMK R&D 4/2018)

ORENKO 2020 Proceedings Oral Presentation 206

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