ELEMENTS

of ARTS
Elements (of visual art)
refer to which the artist uses
as symbols (symbolic),
pictures (pictorial), and an
expression to visualize and
communicate his variety of
feelings and ideas.
 Line
Form
Texture
Value
Color
Space
Perspective
LINE
LINE refers to the contour
or outline of an object. It
also represents the edges
of an object. As an
element of art, it is
always associated with
the emotional state of
man.
As man tries to express his
feelings or thoughts
through lines in art, he
usually finds the position
of line which could best
represent his feelings or
thoughts.
Identify the following LINES
 Types of lines:
Straight lines – give the feeling of
simplicity, directness and
sometimes monotony.
Horizontal lines – express calmness,
quietness, peace and repose.
Vertical lines – express dignity,
stability, majesty, uprightness,
strength, life and reverence.
Oblique, slant or diagonal lines -
indicate motion or action,
support, stability and
vulnerability.
Broken lines – suggest disorder,
violence and power.
Light lines – give the feeling of
delicacy and refinement.
Heavy lines – give the feeling of
strength and sturdiness.
Curved lines – suggest grace,
feminity, variation and
movement.
Parallel lines – suggest
equality.
Performance #3:
Rectilinear, Curvilinear, Irregular Lines
Rectilinear
Curvilinear
Irregular
FORM
FORM refers to the shape,
structure and area of an
object. Like line, it also
represents the feelings or
thoughts of the artist. Form
in art varies in types, size
and effect or meaning.
Identify the following FORMS
 Types of forms:

Regular (forms) – forms

having definite shape.
These include square,
triangle, rectangle, circle
and oblong.
 Square
Its sides connote monotony and
lack in variation. This is the
reason why in art it is not a
good shape especially for
border or boundary.
 Circle
It suggests simplicity,
continuity and
monotony.
 Rectangle
It is a good shape for
decorative and structural
design. It expresses stability,
close set, dignity and
uprightness.
 Triangle
It has the expression
of repose and
dignity.
Natural (forms) – forms
found in nature like the
shapes of the leaves,
animals, trees,
mountains and the
human body.
Geometrical (forms) –
forms with three-
dimensions. These
include prism, pyramids,
cones, cylinder, sphere
and cubes.
Identify the following Geometrical Forms

Rectangular prism
Cube

cylinder
sphere
prism Rectangulalrpyramid

Frustum of a square pyramid

cone
cone
 Forms according to size:
Large forms – give the
impression of
spaciousness and
superiority.
Small forms – suggest
inferiority and crowding.
TEXTURE
 TEXTURE refers to the
quality or character of the
area or surface produced by
the form. Its aesthetic value
of texture lies first of all in
the fact that it makes the
gradation of color possible.
 Textures give a surface
unevenness which causes
the color of the surface to
be broken into gradations of
light and shade giving it a
charm of its own.
 Types of texture:
Rough or Coarse textures
suggest strength, endurance
and cheapness.
Smooth or Fine textures
imply excellently finished,
delicateness and costliness.
 Parchment Woven Mat

Granite
White Marble
Sand
Cork

News Print

Identify the Textures of the Mentioned Materials

VALUE
VALUE refers to the amount
of light, shade or dark-and-
light in an object. Its
aesthetic value lies on the
reason that subjects or
objects of art are seen
because of its presence.
 The Three Primary Values:
The extremes in value are black
and white: the highest value is
white and the lowest, black.
Black is the absence of light
while white is its presence. The
step half-way or the middle value
is called gray.
 Gray

Black White
Lonely Swim (WILFRED TORRALBA ALINAS)
Watering Hall (WILFRED TORRALBA ALINAS)
 COLOR
hues with their
various values and
intensities
PINK
VIOLET GREEN

BLUE PINK
RED

BROWN
 Color refers to the visual
perception of light being
reflected from a surface of
an artwork. In the most
basic classification, colors
can be divided into three
groups: primary, secondary
and tertiary.
 Color refers to the
quality or kind of light
that reflects from the
surface of the object.
Colors are seen
because of value or
light.
The Three Properties of Color:
1. Hue - is the dimension of
color that gives color its
identity or name. Color
names such as red, yellow,
blue and others indicate
the color characteristic
called hue.
2. Value – denotes the lightness
and darkness of a color.
Colors can be made darker by
making the pigments thicker
or adding black or adding a
little of its complement.
Colors can be made lighter by
adding water or oil or white.
3. Intensity or Chroma – denotes
the brightness or dullness of a
color, its strength or weakness,
its purity or impurity. A color can
be made intense by adding more
pigment of the same hue, by
placing beside it its complement
or opposite or by surrounding it
with the same hue but of lower
intensity.
Classification of Colors (Hue):
The primary colors are
RED, YELLOW and
BLUE. These are called
primary colors because all
other colors are produced
by combining any of the
two colors.
Red Yellow Blue
The secondary colors are
GREEN (yellow + blue),
ORANGE (yellow + red)
and VIOLET (blue + red).
These are formed through
the combination of two
primary colors.
Green Orange

Violet
The tertiary colors are the
combination of two secondary
colors.
Violet + Orange = Russet
Orange + Green = Olive
Violet + Green = Slate
Russet
Olive
Slate
The quarternary colors
are mixture of two
tertiary colors.
Russet + Olive = Buff
Slate + Russet=Plum
Olive + Slate = Sage
 Buff

Plum

Sage
 The intermediate or
intermediary colors are
mixture of equal amounts
of primary and secondary
colors. These are yellow –
orange, red-orange, red-
violet, blue-green, blue -
violet and yellow-green.
 Name the I
Intermediary Colors
N
2
T
3
E
R
1 M
E
D
4
I
A
6
T
5
E
 Yellow - Green

Blue - Violet

Red - Violet

Blue - Green

Yellow - Orange
Red - Orange

Intermediary Colors
The complementary or
opposite colors form a
natural balance in the color
wheel. Example of
Complementary colors are:
red and green, blue and
orange and violet and
yellow.
 Yel Red
low n
Gree

i ole t
V
Orange Blue

Complementary Colors (The Primary and Secondary Colors)

 Complementary Colors (The Intermediary Colors)

Blue - Violet Red - Orange

Yellow - Orange
Blue - Green

Yellow - Green

Red - Violet
Manner of Presenting Colors (Hues):

Color Wheel – manifests

the primary, secondary,
intermediary as well as
the complementary
colors.
C Y
Y-O Y-G
O
L O G

O
R B-G
R-O

W
H
R B
E
E R-V B-V
V
L
Color Wheel
Color Triangle – manifests
the primary, secondary,
tertiary quarternary and
the intermediary colors as
well. It can also be a
substitute to color wheel.
Color Triangle
Tertiary
Colors
Y

Primary
Colors Secondary
Colors
Olive

O G

Russet Slate

R V B
Identify each Hue in the (given) Color Wheel

Color Wheel
 Color Triangle

Y Quarternary
Colors
Primary
Colors

Plum Olive
Tertiary
Colors
O G

Secondary
Colors

Buff
Buff Sage
Sage

R V B
Russet Slate
Color Triangle Intermediary
Colors

YO YG

O G

Buff BG
Sage
RO

R V B
RV BV
Colors and Their Effects:

“A serious study of the

symbolism of colors will show
the correct concept of color
interpretation. This will also
develop the proper application
and use of colors in everyday
life.”
 Black
It is the darkest and the dullest
of the colors. It is only
considered a color when mixed
with other color. It suggests
despair, gloom, death and
mourning.
 Blue
It is the color of the sky and the
deep. It gives the impression
of vastness and infinity. It is a
symbol of tranquility, calmness
and peace.
 Gray
It gives the impression
of weight, solidity
and neutrality.
 Green
It is the color of
vegetation and still
water. It is a symbol of
growth, freshness and
hope.
 Orange
It symbolizes
deliciousness and
sweetness.
 Pink
It symbolizes
love.
 Red
It typifies fire, blood,
danger, festivity,
bravery, war, passion,
energy, vitality and
warmth.
 Violet
It suggests shadows,
mourning, penance,
royalty and power.
 White
It stands for simplicity,
clarity, purity, peace,
cleanliness and
innocence.
 Yellow
It symbolizes life, joy,
sunshine, cheerfulness,
warmth, splendor,
royalty and hospitality.
 Brown
It suggests humility
and confidence.
 Supply the Color Triangle
MISSING HUES
based on the
given Hue
Russet
(Color)
PERSPECTIVE
Perspective deals with the
effect of distance upon the
appearance of objects, by
means of which the eye
judges spatial relationship.
It enables us to perceive
distance and to see the
position of objects in space.
 Types of Perspective:

1. Linear perspective is the

representation of an
appearance of distance by
means of converging lines.
This has to do with the
direction of lines and with the
size of objects.
(Example: The tracts of a railroad appear to the viewer as
seeming to rise and meet in the distance.)
2. Aerial perspective
is the representation
of relative distances of
objects by gradations
of tone and color.
 (Example: Objects
become fainter in the
distance due to the
effect of distance.
Objects appear to be
lighter in color and the
outline more vague as
they recede into the
distance.)
SPACE
 Space is the bounded or
boundless “container” of
collection of objects. In art,
space is regarded as
bounded by and susceptible
to aesthetic and expressive
organization.
 Since visual arts are also
classified according to their
dimensions, space is
categorized into two
according to the visual art
that will occupy it.
Plane – is a space limited
only to painting and other
related arts, since they
are two-dimensional arts.
Generally, they only
occupy a surface.
An Artist (Romi Mananquil)
 Selleck
(Wilfred T. Alinas)
One Sunday Afternoon (Antonio Afable)
Caribbean Coast near Tela (Photo)
Puente Yayabo (Photo)
SCULPTURE
PROCESS OF
CREATION
Many art critiques believe that
the reason why humanities has
fewer sculptors than painters
is because not all artists could
be pitted in wood or stone.
Moreover, being a sculptor
needs sustained physical effort
to transform one’s imagination
to reality.
 Carving
Modeling
Casting
Fabrication
CARVING
It is a subtractive process; it
involves removing
unwanted portions of the
raw material to reveal the
form that the artist has
visualized. Wood, stone
and ivory are the materials
employed in this process.
MODELING
It is an additive process. It means
building the form, using highly
plastic material such as clay or
wax. This results in a type of
creative spontaneity. The
additive process permits the
artist to rework his material
and introduce details as he
sees fit.
CASTING
It is a complex process. It uses
bronze and other metal for it
to materialize. It begins with
the production of a negative
mold. Then the artist covers
the original model with a
mold in such a way that a
faithful negative reproduction
is created.
FABRICATION
 It employs methods of
joining or fastening, such as
nailing, stapling, soldering
and welding. In this
process, the artist builds his
form piece by piece. He may
even combine different
materials together
“Every good painting, every genuine
poem, bears the stamp of the frame
of mind it depicts. For only what has
sprung from perception, indeed from
purely objective perception, or is
directly stimulated by it, contains the
living germ from which genuine and
original achievements can result.”
Arthur Schopenhauer
Philosopher (1788 – 1860)
SOAP CARVING (60 pts)

Objective: To assess student’s ability to create an

artwork made of soap manifesting creativity and
craftsmanship.

Instructions: Make a 3D model of your choice of

subject using soap/coloured soap. Your design will be
evaluated using the following rubric.
CLAY MODELLING (60 pts)

Objective: To assess student’s ability to create an

artwork made of clay manifesting creativity and
craftsmanship.

Instructions: Make a 3D model of your choice of

subject using clay/coloured clay. Your design will be
evaluated using the following rubric.
 Novice Fair Good Excellent
1 2 3 4
Complexity Novice Fair Good Excellent
Good

Novice Fair Excellent

3 complex design with attention to
the incorporation of design
simple design / little or no simple design with some exceptional design with significant
elements and principles
planning with design elements planning in incorporating design attention to the incorporation of
and principles elements and principles design elements and principles

Craftsmanship Novice Fair Good Excellent

Novice Fair Good Excellent

6
little or no care given to the some care given to the quality of care given to the final product extra care given to the final
quality of work created or work created or equipment used created and the equipment used product created and the
equipment used equipment used

Management Novice Fair Good Excellent

Poor Fair Good Excellent

3
majority of time not used half the time spent on task utilized time wisely and consistently utilized time wisely
effectively some work turned in, not effectively and effectively work turned in
little or no pre-work done or necessarily complete but on work turned in complete and on complete and before the allotted
turned in by deadline time time time

Effort Poor Fair Good Excellent

Little effort; did not use Some effort looks incomplete or Good effort; used most of clay to Exceptional effort. Used all of
3 adequate amount of clay given did not follow guidelines. complete the sculpture. almost all of clay to complete the
and did not complete sculpture. sculpture.