CURRICULUM AND SYLLABI

M.Sc. PHYSICS
Choice-Based Credit System (2022-23 onwards)

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
SCHOOL OF ADVANCED SCIENCES
KALASALINGAM ACADEMY OF RESEARCH AND
EDUCATION
(Deemed to be University)
Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil - 626 126
Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu

2022
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
M.Sc. PHYSICS - CURRICULUM STRUCTURE - CBCS (AY 2022-23)

Paper No. of Paper Credits

Program Core Courses 11 40
(36+2+2)
Experiential Elective Courses/ 5/1 15
Internship
Experiential Core Course 1 20
Supportive Courses 2 5

Total credits 80

Supportive Courses
Course Course
Course Title L T P X H C
Code Category
221PHY0101 Research Methodology T 3 0 0 0 3 3
221PHY0301 Programming in C++ IC-T 1 0 2 0 3 2

Program Core Course

Course
Course
Course Title Categor L T P X H C
Code
y
222PHY5101 Mathematical Physics T 4 0 0 0 4 4
222PHY5102 Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy T 4 0 0 0 4 4
222PHY5103 Classical and Statistical Mechanics T 4 0 0 0 4 4
222PHY5301 Advanced Electronics IC 3 0 2 0 5 4
222PHY5104 Electromagnetic Theory T 4 0 0 0 4 4
222PHY5105 Quantum Mechanics T 4 0 0 0 4 4
222PHY5106 Condensed Matter Physics T 4 0 0 0 4 4
222PHY5107 Nuclear and Particle Physics T 4 0 0 0 4 4
222PHY5108 Electrical and Electronic T
4 0 0 0 4 4
Instrumentation
222PHY5201 General Physics Laboratory L 0 0 4 0 4 2
222PHY5202 Advanced Physics Laboratory L 0 0 4 0 4 2

Experiential Elective Course (Optional)

(Any Five)

Course
Course
Course Title Categor L T P X H C
Code
y
224PHY6101 Modern Optics T 3 0 0 0 3 3
224PHY6102 Advanced Quantum Mechanics T 3 0 0 0 3 3
224PHY6103 Quantum Field Theory T 3 0 0 0 3 3
224PHY6301 Microprocessor and Microcontroller IC 2 0 2 0 4 3
224PHY6104 Communication Systems T 3 0 0 0 3 3
224PHY6105 Energy Physics T 3 0 0 0 3 3
224PHY6106 Radiation Physics T 3 0 0 0 3 3
224PHY6107 Medical Physics T 3 0 0 0 3 3
224PHY6108 Astronomy and Astro Physics T 3 0 0 0 3 3
224PHY6109 Atmospheric Physics T 3 0 0 0 3 3
224PHY6110 Analytical Instrumentation T 3 0 0 0 3 3
224PHY6111 Crystal growth and Crystallography T 3 0 0 0 3 3
224PHY6112 Materials Science T 3 0 0 0 3 3
224PHY6103 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology T 3 0 0 0 3 3

Internship (Optional)
(Whole semester)

Course
Course
Course Title Categor L T P X H C
Code
y
224PHY7201 Internship L 0 0 30 0 30 15

Experiential Core Courses

(Whole semester)

Course
Course
Course Title Categor L T P X H C
Code
y
223PHY7201 Project L 0 0 40 0 40 20
 Course Code Mathematical Physics L T P C
222PHY5101 4 0 0 4
Course Category: Program core
Course Type: Theory
Course Objective:
The aim of this course focuses on enabling the students to apply mathematical
concepts in physics
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1: Analyse the concepts of vector calculus, Differentiation and Integration of
vectors
CO2: Understand the basic concepts of matrices, inverse and Rank of a matrix.
CO3: Understand the basic knowledge of differential equations and special functions
CO4: able to analyse the complex methods to solve real physical problems
CO5: Learn the basic concepts of the Fourier series and Fourier transforms
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M M M L
CO2 M M L M L L L
CO3 M H M L M L
CO4 M H M L L M M
CO5 H M H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: Vector Calculus 12 Hours
Triple product of vectors - Differentiation of vectors - Rules -Gradient of scalar field-
Divergence of vector function - Spherical Polar coordinates (r, θ, φ) and differential
operators –Cylindrical coordinates and differential operators- Gauss divergence
theorem -stoke's theorem
Unit II: Matrix 12 Hours
Matrix addition and multiplication by a scalar– multiplication of matrices– Inverse of a
matrix -Rank of a matrix -definitions and theorems of Rank matrix- Cayley -Hamilton
theorem- Eigen values and Eigen Vectors
Unit III: Special functions 12 Hours
First-order and second-order ordinary differential equations – power series - Legendre
differential equation - Legendre polynomial–Bessel's equation, functions and
polynomial –Gamma, beta and error functions-Greens Function
Unit IV: Complex Variables 12 Hours
Graphical representation –Argant diagram -complex integration -Properties of Moduli
and arguments -Geometry of Complex members-Cauchy’s theorem-Cauchy’s integral
theorem- Taylor’s expansion-Cauchy’s Residue theorem
Unit IV: Fourier series 12 Hours
Fourier series – The Dirichlet conditions – The Fourier coefficients – Symmetry
considerations – Complex Fourier series –physical Examples of Fourier Series- half
wave rectifier- Full wave rectifier-square wave - Parseval’s theorem – Fourier
transforms – Laplace transforms.

Text Book(s):
1. B. D. Gupta, Mathematical Physics, 4th Edition, Vikas publishing house Pvt. ltd.
2010.
 2. Hans J. Weber and George B. Arfken, Essential mathematical methods for
Physicists, 5th edition Elsevier - academic press, 2003.
Reference Books:
1. Satya Prakash, Mathematical physics with classical mechanics, Sultan Chand
& Sons Educational Publishers, New Delhi, 2015.
2. H. K. Dass Mathematical Physics, S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi, 2010.
3. K. F. Riley, M.P. Hobson and S.J. Bence, Mathematical Methods for Physics
and Engineering, Cambridge University Press (Cambridge low-priced Edition),
1999
4. L.A. Pipes and L.R. Harwell, Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists,
Mc Graw - Hill, (1995).
 Course Code L T P C
Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy
222PHY5102 4 0 0 4
Course Category: Program core
Course Type: Theory

Objective:
The aim of this course is to acquire knowledge of the interaction of electromagnetic
radiation with atoms and molecules and get exposure to different spectroscopic
techniques and their applications
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1: Understand the basic principles and different schemes of atomic spectra.
CO2: Acquire the fundamental knowledge on the interaction of atoms with external
fields and basics of Resonance spectroscopy
CO3: Understand the knowledge on interaction of molecules with Microwave and IR
radiation.
CO4: Learn the theories and concepts of Raman and Electronic Spectroscopy.
CO5: Apply the Laser technology and its applications in different fields.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M M M L
CO2 H M L L M L L
CO3 H M L L M L
CO4 H H M L L M M
CO5 H M H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: Atom and Atomic Spectra 12 Hours
Failure of Rutherford atom model - Bohr Atom model – Hydrogen Spectrum – Vector
atom model – Quantum numbers associated with vector atom model – Coupling
schemes (LS & JJ coupling) - Pauli exclusion principle - Magnetic Dipole Moment Due
to Orbital Motion of the Electron - Magnetic Dipole Moment Due to Spin - Stern-
Gerlach experiment – Spin-orbit coupling - Optical Spectra - Hyperfine structure -
Finite Width of Spectral Line - The Widths of Spectral Lines.
Unit II: Atoms in External Fields and Resonance Spectroscopy 12 Hours
Zeeman and Paschen Back Effect of one and two electron systems – selection rules
– Stark effect – inner shell vacancy.
NMR – basic principles – classical and quantum mechanical description – spin-spin
and spin-lattice relaxation times –chemical shift
ESR – basic principles – nuclear interaction and hyperfine structure – g-factor
Unit III: Microwave Spectroscopy and IR Spectroscopy 12 Hours
Microwave - classification of molecules - rigid rotor model – the intensity of spectral
lines - effect of isotopic substitution- Infrared - Review of harmonic oscillator - selection
rules - vibrational energy of diatomic molecules - anharmonicity - vibration-rotation
spectroscopy – a vibration of polyatomic molecules - group frequencies.
Unit IV: Raman and Electronic Spectroscopy 12 Hours
Raman effect - Classical and quantum theories of Raman effect – pure rotational -
vibrational Raman spectra- mutual exclusion principle.
Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules – Frank-Condon principle – dissociation
energy – a rotational fine structure of electronic vibration transitions – Fortrat Diagram.
Unit V: Laser and Holography 12 Hours
Induced absorption, Spontaneous and stimulated emission- Einstein A and B
Coefficients-Population inversion– Basic components of laser – Types of lasers: Ruby
Laser- He- Ne Laser- CO2 Laser- Semiconductor Laser - Principle of Holography-
Theory – Applications: Medical, data storage and security.
Text Books:
1. C.N. Banwell, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, 4th edition, McGraw-
Hill, New York, 2004.
2. G. Aruldhas, Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy, Printice Hall of India, New
Delhi, 2002.
3. B.B. Laud, Lasers and Non-Linear Optics, New Age International Ltd, Revised
2nd Edition 2007.
4. R. Murugesan, Modern Physics, 17th Edition, S. Chand & Company Pvt. ltd.
Reference Books:
1. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar & R.C. Sharma, Elements of Spectroscopy, Prakashan
Publications, 9th Edition, 2006.
2. K. Thyagarajan & A.K. Ghatak, Lasers – Theory and Applications, Macmillan
India Ltd, New Delhi 1997.
3. Manas Chanda, Atomic Structure and Chemical Bond, Tata McGraw-Hill, New
Delhi 2003.
 Course Code Classical and Statistical Mechanics L T P C
222PHY5103 4 0 0 4
Course Category: Program core
Course Type: Theory
Course Objective:
This course aims to focus on a thorough understanding of the classical and statistical
mechanics of solving Physical systems
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1: Apply the Hamiltonian formalism for solving the macroscopic physical problems
CO2: Understand the canonical transformations.
CO3: Understand the basic concepts of small oscillations.
CO4: Acquire knowledge of classical statistical mechanics
CO5: Gain knowledge about quantum statistical mechanics
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M M M L
CO2 M M L M L L L
CO3 M H M L M L
CO4 M H M L L M M
CO5 H M H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: Hamiltonian dynamics 12 Hours
Generalized momentum and cyclic coordinates - Hamiltonian function H and
conservation of energy - Jacobi integral - Hamilton’s equations - Hamilton’s equations
in the different coordinate systems (spherical and polar) - Examples in Hamiltonian
dynamics (Harmonic oscillator, motion of a particle in centre field, simple pendulum,
compound pendulum) - Routhian function - modified Hamilton’s principle - Deduction
of Hamiltonian’s equation from Variational principle - The principle of least action -
Other forms of the principle of least action.
Unit II: Canonical transformations 12 Hours
Canonical transformations - Generating function - Condition for Canonical
transformation - Poisson’s brackets - Lagrange brackets - relation between Lagrange
and Poisson brackets - angular momentum and Poisson brackets - invariance of
Poisson bracket with respect to Canonical transformations.
Unit III: Small oscillations 12 Hours
Stable, unstable and neutral equilibrium – one-dimensional oscillator - two coupled
oscillators - solution to the differential equations - normal coordinates and normal
modes - general theory of small oscillations - secular equation and eigenvalue
equation - solution of the eigenvalue equation - small oscillation in normal coordinates
- examples of coupled oscillators -two coupled pendulum - vibrations of a linear
triatomic molecule.
Unit IV: Classical statistics 12 Hours
Phase space – the volume of phase space - ensembles - microcanonical, canonical
and grand canonical ensembles - microstates and macrostates - general statistical
distribution law – most probable distribution - partition function and its correlation with
thermodynamical quantities.
Unit V: Quantum statistics 12 Hours
Statistical weight or a priori probability - Bose-Einstein Statistics - Fermi - Dirac
Statistics - Grand canonical ensemble and quantum statistics - black body radiation -
Planck’s radiation law - Energy and pressure of ideal Fermi-Dirac gas -
Thermodynamic functions of degenerate Fermi - Dirac gas.

Textbooks
1. Classical mechanics, J.C. Upadhyaya, Himalaya Publishing House (Revised
edition) 2005.
2. Statistical mechanics, S.L.Gupta & V. Kumar, Pragati Prakashan educational
publishers, XXVth Edn., 2012.
Books for Reference
1. Classical mechanics, Gupta, Kumar and Sharma, XXIst edition, 2003, Pragati
Prakashan.
2. Classical mechanics, Herbert Goldstein, IInd Edition, New Delhi, Narosa
Publishing House, 2001.
3. Statistical mechanics and properties of matter, E.S.RajaGopal, McMillan,
NewDelhi, 1976.
 Course Code Advanced Electronics L T P C
222PHY5301 3 0 2 4
Course Category: Program core
Course Type: Integrated Course
Objective:
This course aims to give exposure to the students on basic analog and digital
electronic components, devices and their applications
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1: Understand the characteristics of field effect transistors
CO2: Analyze the characteristics of oscillators and wave-shaping circuits
CO3: Understand the basic concepts of amplifiers and operational amplifiers
CO4: Apply the digital logic gates and design the different types of logic devices
CO5: Understand the basic knowledge of microprocessor

Mapping of Course Outcome(s):

CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M H M L
CO2 M L H H H L L
CO3 H L L H M L
CO4 H M M L L M M
CO5 H M H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation

Unit I: Diode & Field Effect Transistor 9 Hours

Semiconductor diodes – Rectifier applications-special purpose diodes and
applications- Bipolar junction transistors –Emitter Follower-Transistor amplifier and
classification- Current relationships – Bias and DC load lines – Field effect transistors
– JFET– MOSFET construction and Symbols – MOSFET bias and load lines.

Unit II: Oscillator and Wave shaping circuits 9 Hours

Oscillator Principle - Oscillator types - Frequency stability, response - The Phase shift
oscillator, Wein-bridge oscillator, LC tunable oscillators - Expression for frequency of
Oscillation and condition for Oscillation- Multivibrators – Astable, Monostable and
Bistable – Comparators - Square wave and Triangle wave generation - Clamping and
Clipping - Voltage regulators.

Unit III: OPAMP and Wave shaping Circuit 9 Hours

Basic operational amplifier applications- Differential DC amplifier- instrumentation
amplifier- integrators and differentiators – Analog computation- Active filters
comparators- sample and hold circuit- precision AC/DC converters- waveform
generators- voltage regulators- SCR – Characteristics SCR as a Switch-SCR Rectifier.

Unit IV: Digital electronics- Sequential Logics 9 Hours

Binary adders- Decoder & encoder- multiplexer & demultiplexer- JK flip flop- RS Flip
Flop – Clocked RS Flip-flop – D flip-flop – JK flip-flop – JK master slave flip-flop – T
type flip-flop shift registers- Ripple counter- synchronous counter- A/D and D/A
converters- 555 timer phase locked loop.
Unit V: Microprocessors 9 Hours
The architecture of 8085 microprocessor- instruction set of 8085- simple programs
using 8085- interfacing memory & I/O devices- 8085 interrupts- Stack operations,
subroutine, call and return instructions - Timing diagrams-assembly language.

List of Experiments 30 Hours

1. Rectifier Circuits using diode
2. FET Characteristics
3. FET Amplifiers
4. Wein bridge oscillator
5. Adjustable voltage regulators
6. Integrators and Differentiators using OPAMP
7. Triangle wave generator
8. 4-bit multiplexer
9. Shift registers
10. Ring counter
11. Program for ascending order using 8085 µP.
12. Program for finding the largest number in a given array using 8085 µP.

Text Books:
1. Millman and Halkias - Integrated Electronics, 2ndedition, McGraw Hill
Education, 2017.
2. A.P.Malvino, D.P.Leach – Digital Principles and Applications, 7thedition,
McGraw Hill Education, 2010.
3. Ryder - Electronic Fundamentals and applications, 4th edition, Prentice-
Hall,1970

Reference Books:
1. Jimmie J Cathey, Electronic Devices and Circuits, 2ndedition, McGraw Hill
Education, 2002
2. Millman and Thub - Pulse, Digital and Switching waveforms,3rdedition,
McGraw Hill Education, 2017
3. Stan Gibilisco - Electronics Demystified, 2ndedition, McGraw Hill Education,
2012
4. Bapat – Electonics Devices and Circuits, 1stedition, McGraw Hill Education,
1978
 Subject Code Electromagnetic Theory L T P C
222PHY5104 4 0 0 4
Pre-requisite: Nil Course Category: Program core
Course Type: Theory
Course Objective:
This course focuses on the theories of Electrostatics, Magnetostatics,
Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic waves.
Course outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1: Understand the theories and properties of electrostatics
CO2: Analyze the interaction of electrostatic properties with matter.
CO3: Acquire the fundamental knowledge in Magnetostatics
CO4: Understand the basic concepts of electrodynamics
CO5: Analyze the electromagnetic waves in vacuum and in matter.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M L M L
CO2 H H L L M L L
CO3 H M L M M L
CO4 H M M L L L
CO5 H M M M L L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: Electrostatics 12 Hours
The Electric field-Divergence and curl of electrostatic fields- electric potential-Work
and energy in electrostatics-conductors-Laplace’s equation-Method of Images-
separation of variables-Multipole expansion.
Unit II: Electric fields in matter 12 Hours
Polarization-The field of polarized objects: Bound charges, Physical interpretation of
bound charges, The field inside a dielectric-The electric displacement: Gauss’s Law in
the presence of dielectric, Boundary conditions- Linear dielectrics: Susceptibility,
Permittivity, Dielectric constant, Boundary value problems with linear dielectrics,
Energy in dielectric systems, Forces on dielectrics
Unit III: Magnetostatics and Magnetic fields in matter 12 Hours
The Lorentz Force Law-The Biot-Savart Law-The Divergence and curl of B,
Comparison of Magnetostatics and Electrostatics- Magnetic vector potential: The
vector potential, Summary of magnetostatic boundary conditions, multipole expansion
of the vector potential.
Magnetization-The field of a magnetized object, The Auxiliary field H-Linear and
Nonlinear media.
Unit IV: Electrodynamics 12 Hours
Electromotive Force-Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday’s law, The induced electric
field, Inductance and energy stored in the field- Maxwell’s equation: Electrodynamics
before Maxwell, How Maxwell fixed Ampere’s Law, Maxwell’s equation, Magnetic
charge, Maxwell’s equations in matter, Boundary conditions.
The continuity equation - Poynting Theorem.
Unit V: Electromagnetic waves 12 Hours
Waves in One dimension-Electromagnetic waves in Vacuum: The wave equation for
E and B, Monochromatic Plane wave, Energy and Momentum in em waves-
Electromagnetic waves in Matter: Propagation in Linear media, Reflection and
Transmission at Normal Incidence, Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incidence.
Text Book:
1. D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, New
Jersy, 1999.
2. J. Reitz, F. Milford, R. Christy, Foundation of Electromagnetic theory, 4th
Edition, Addision-Wesley, 2008.
Reference Books:
1. Paul Lorrain, Dale R. Corson, Electromagnetic Fields and Waves, 3 rd Edition,
W.H.Freeman & Co., 1988.
2. Edward J Rothwell, Michael J Cloud, Electromagnetics, 2nd Edition, CRC Press,
2008.
 Subject Code Quantum Mechanics L T P C
222PHY5105 4 0 0 4
Pre-requisite: Nil Course Category: Program core
Course Type: Theory Course
Course Objective:
The aim of this course is to make the students to understand the concepts of quantum
physics
and their applications in microscopic systems
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1:Understand the basic concepts of Schrodinger wave equation and its
applications
CO2:Acquire the basic knowledge on eigen values and eigen functions
CO3:Apply the Schrodinger wave equation to get eigen values of bound systems
CO4:Understand the matrix formulation in quantum mechanics
CO5: Acquire the basic knowledge on angular momentum of quantum mechanical
systems
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H M H M H L
CO2 H M L L L L
CO3 H L L M L L
CO4 H L L L L L L
CO5 H L L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: The Schrödinger wave equation 12 Hours
Need for wave equation – The one dimensional wave equation – Extension to three
dimension – Interpretation of the wave function – Statistical interpretation –
Normalization of the wave function – Probability – Current density – Expectation
values – Ehrenfest theorem. Eigen energy function: Separation of wave equation –
Significance of separation constant E – Boundary conditions at large distances –
Continuity conditions – One dimensional square well potential – Perfectly rigid walls –
Finite potential step – Energy level parity.
Unit II: Eigen function and Eigen values 12 Hours
Postulates – Dynamical variables as operators – Expansion in Eigen function – Ortho
normality of energy Eigen functions – Reality of energy eigen values - Probability
function and expectation value – Momentum Eigen functions – Box normalization –
Dirac normalization Schwartz inequality – Minimal uncertainty product – Form of the
minimum wave packet – Schrödinger equation in momentum representation.
Unit III: Discrete Eigenvalues: Bound States 12 Hours
Discrete Eigen values: One dimensional and three dimensional linear harmonic
oscillator – Energy levels – Degeneracy – Zero-point energy – Rigid rotor – Eigen
values and Eigen functions – Spherically symmetric potential – Spherical harmonics –
Solutions for l=0 and arbitrary l values - Interior and exterior solutions - Schrödinger
equation for the hydrogen atom – Solution for s-state only and the ground state wave
function.
Unit IV: Matrix formulation 12 Hours
Hilbert space – Dirac bra-ket notation – Projection operator – Equation of motion in
Schrödinger and Heisenberg pictures – Evaluation of commutatorbrackets - Velocity
of a particle in an EM field – Virial theorem – Matrix theory of harmonic oscillator.
Unit V: Angular momentum 12 Hours
Commutation relations – Eigen values of J+ and J- - Addition angular moments – CG
coefficients – Construction of resultant wave function (j1=1/2 and j2=1/2 only) –
Angular momentum matrices – Spin – Angular momentum and Pauli’s spin matrices.
Text Book:
1. Quantum mechanics, Schiff, IIIrd Edn., Mc Graw Hill India, 2014
2. Quantum Mechanics, Aruldhas, Prentice Hall India Learning Pvt Ltd, 2nd
Edition, 2008.
Reference Books:
1. Quantum Mechanics, Merzbacher, John Wiley, 3rd Edition, 1988.
2. Quantum Mechanics, Mathews &Venkatesan, TMH, 1976.
3. Quantum Mechanics: Fundamentals, Kurt Gottfried &Tung-Mow Yan, Springer,
2003
4. The principles of quantum mechanics, P.A. M. Dirac, Oxford University Press,
1958
 Subject Code Condensed Matter Physics L T P C
222PHY5106 4 0 0 4
Course Category: Program core Course Type: Theory
Course Objectives:
➢ To acquire knowledge about Phonons and electrical transport-based
phenomena in solids
➢ To get the fundamentals of Semiconductor Crystals and Fermi Surfaces
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
CO1: Gain the knowledge about phonons and its importance in thermal physics
CO2:Acquire the theoretical concept behind electrical and thermal properties of
metals
CO3:Understand the fundamentaltheoriesto describe the energy bands in metals
CO4: Gain the knowledge about Semiconductor Crystals and their properties
CO5: Get the basic ideas about the Fermi Surfaces and its importance in metals.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M M M L
CO2 M M L M L L L
CO3 M H M L M L
CO4 M H M L L M M
CO5 H M H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I Crystal physics 12 Hours
Lattice points and space lattice-basis and crystal structure-unit cells and lattice
parameters-symmetry elements in crystals –space groups-Bravais lattice-density and
lattice constant relation-crystal directions. planes and Miller indices-reciprocal lattice
allotropy and polymorphism in crystals-imperfections in crystals
Unit II: Lattice vibrations and thermal properties 12 Hours
Dynamics of identical atoms in crystal lattice-dynamics of linear chain-experimental
measurement of dispersion relation-anharmonicity and thermal expansion-specific
heat of solids-classical model-Einstein’s model-Debye model-thermal conductivity of
solids-role of electrons and phonons-thermal resistance of solids.
Unit III: Free electron and band theory 12 Hours
Elecrons moving in one dimensional potential well-Fermi-Dirac statistics-effect of
temparature on Fermi distribution-electronic specific heat-electrical conductivity of
metals-Wiedmann- Franz- Lorentz law-electrical resistivity of metals-Hall effect-
energy bands in solids-Kronig-Penny model-construction of Brillouin zones-nearly free
electron model.
Semiconductors
Free carrier concentration in semiconductors-mobility of charge carriers-temperature
effects electrical conductivity of semiconductors-Hall effect in semiconductors
Unit IV: Dielectric and magnetic properties of materials 12 Hours
Dipole moment-polarisation-local electric field in an atom-dielectric constant and its
measurement-polarizability-classical theory-Peizo,Pyro and Ferro electric properties
of Crystals-Ferro electric domains-classification of magnetic materials-atomic theory
of magnetism-Langevins theory-paramagnetism and quantum theory-Weiss molecular
exchange field-ferromagnetic domains-anti ferromagnetism-Ferrites
Unit V: Superconductors 12 Hours
Super conductivity – superconducting materials – Meissner effect–Type I and Type
II superconductors–thermal properties of superconductors – High frequency
phenomenological properties – coherence length – London model – Ginzburg –
Landau theory–flux quantisation–BCS theory–Josephson effect (AC and DC) – High
temperature superconducting oxides – Technological applications.
Text Book:
1. Introduction to Solid State Physics, Charles Kittal, 7 th Edition, John Wiley &
sons, Wiley India edition, 2009.
Reference Books:
2. Principles of theory of solids, J.M.Ziman, Cambridge University Press, 1979.
3. Solid State Physics – S.L.Gupta&Dr.V.Kumar.
4. Solid state physics, H.C. Gupta, Vikas publishing house, 2001
5. S. O. Pillai, Solid State Physics, New Age International (p) Ltd, New Delhi
(1995).
 Subject Code Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics L T P C
222PHY5107 4 0 0 4
Course Category: Program core Course Type: Theory
Course Objective:
The aim of this course focuses to enable the students to understand the structure and
properties of atomic nuclei, and their energetics.
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1: Understand the basics of atomic nuclei, nuclear charge and mass, binding
energy etc.
CO2: Understand radioactivity and related processes and their energetics.
CO3: Understand the nuclear models and their applications.
CO4: Learn the basic nuclear reactions and applications.
CO5: Understand the different elementary particles and their behaviour.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M M M L
CO2 M M L M L L L
CO3 M H M L M L
CO4 M H M L L M M
CO5 H M H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
UNIT – I: Introduction to nucleus 12 Hours
Distribution of nuclear charge - Nuclear mass and binding energy of a nucleus - Mass
spectroscopy-Bain bridge and Jordan mass spectroscope -Nier’s mass spectroscope
- Theories of nuclear composition (proton-electron and proton – neutron) - Bound
states of two nucleons-Ground state of Deuterium - Wave mechanics of ground state
of Deuterium-Spin states –Pauli’s exclusion principle -Tensor force - Exchange force
- Low energy Nucleon - Nucleon scattering
UNIT –II: Nuclear Models 12 Hours
Liquid drop model - Bhor Wheeler theory of fission - Condition for spontaneous fission
- Activation energy-Seaborg’s expression
Shell model: Explanation for magic numbers - Prediction of shell model -Prediction of
spin and parity - Nuclear statistics - Magnetic moment of nuclei - Schmidt lines-Nuclear
isomerism
Collective model: Explanation of Quadrupole moments - Prediction of sign of electric
quadrupole moments. Optical model: Nilsson model - Elementary ideas
UNIT – III: Decays 12 Hours
Alpha decay: Properties of  particles - Velocity and energy of  particles - Gamow’s
theory of  particles- Geiger - Nuttall law-  ray energies and fine structure of  rays -
 disintegration energy-Low range  particles
Beta decay: Properties of  particles - General features of  ray spectrum – Pauli’s
hypothesis - Fermi’s theory of  particles - Forms of interaction and selection rules -
Fermi’s and Gamow teller transition
Gamma decay: The absorption of  rays by matter - Interaction of  rays with matter -
Measurement of  ray energies - Dumont bent crystal spectrometer method-internal
conversion
UNIT – IV: Nuclear Reactions 12 Hours
Kinds of reaction and conservation laws - energetics of nuclear reaction-Isospin -
Reaction cross section-Continuum theory of nuclear reaction - Resonance - Briet
Wigner Dispersion formula - Stages of nuclear reaction - Statistical theory of nuclear
reaction - Evaporation probability and cross section – Kinematics of stopping and
pickup reaction - Surface reaction
UNIT –V: Elementary particles 12 Hours
Leptons – Hardons –Mesons - Hyperons- Pion - Meson resonance -Strange meson
and baryons - Gellmann Okuber mass formula for baryons -CP violation in K decay -
Symmetry and conservation laws - Quark model - Reaction and decays - Quark
structure of hardons.
Text Books:
1. Dayal. D.C., Nuclear Physics, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi, 1997
2. Pandya. M.L. and R. P. S. Yadav, Nuclear and Particle Physics, Kedar Nath
Ram Nath, Meerut, 2004
Reference Books:
1. Kenneth S.Karne, Introducing Nuclear Physics, John Wiley and Sons, New
York.
2. Sharma. D.C, Nuclear Physics, - K. Nath & Co, Meerut,1992
3. Bernard L. Cohen, Concept of Nuclear Physics, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New
Delhi,1978.
 Subject Code L T P C
Electrical and Electronic Instrumentation
222PHY5108 3 0 0 3
Course Category: Program Core Course Type: Theory
Course Objective:
➢ To acquire the knowledge about different Electrical and Electronic
Instrumentation
➢ To get the fundamentals of signal generation, recording, processing and
analysis.
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
CO1: Understand different aspects of measurement and errors involved
CO2: Design and develop amplifiers, other signal processing instruments.
CO3: Design and develop signal generators, frequency dividers, lock-in amplifiers etc.
CO4: Understand and use different electronic measuring devices.
CO5: Understand the working and use of output devices like printers etc.

Mapping of Course Outcome(s):

CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M M M L
CO2 M M L M L L L
CO3 M H M L M L
CO4 M H M L L M M
CO5 H M H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: Measurement and Error 9 Hours
Measurements and methods- Accuracy and Precision – Significance of Measurement
– Error in measurements and their types – Statistical analysis- Probability of errors –
Limiting errors.

Dynamic characteristics of an instrumentation system: Zero, First and Second Order

systems – Response of first and second order systems –Time Domine specifications-
Frequency Domine analysis- Frequency response of first and second order systems.

Unit II: Amplifiers and Signal Conditioning 9 Hours

Operational amplifier- Isolation amplifiers- Chopper amplifiers- Voltage to frequency
and frequency to voltage converters-Frequency multipliers - Logarithmic amplifiers,-
Buffer amplifier- Attenuators.

Types of filters – Low pass, High pass, Band pass, and Band stop filters- Filter with
cascade Section, LC filters and All pass filters. General consideration of A/D and D/A
Conversion-Sampling-Diode Clipping and Clamper Circuit.

Unit III: Signal Generation 9 Hours

Frequency synthesized signal generator- Frequency divider generator- RF signal
generator- Signal generator modulation- Sweep frequency generator- Function
generator – Noise generator.

Signal Analysis: Wave Analyzer- Frequency Selective wave analyzer- Heterodyne

wave analyzer- Total harmonic Distortion. Application of wave analysers. Harmonic
distortion analyzer- Fundamental suppression harmonic distortion analyzer- Spectrum
analyzer- Spectra of CW, AM, FM and PM waves.
Unit IV: Electronic Measuring Instruments 9 Hours
Electronics Voltmeter and their advantages- Digital Millimetres- Digital frequency
meter – Digital voltmeter – Phase meter – RF power and voltage measurement –
Power factor meter – Vector volt meter. Diode sensor based instruments.

Unit V: Display and Recording 9 Hours

X-t, X-Y Recorders – Magnetic tape Recorders- Laser printers – Ink jet printers. -
Storage oscilloscope.Characteristics of digital displays: LED- LCD – Dot matrix and
seven segment display systems.

Text Book(s):
1. A. K. Sawhney, A Course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements and
Instrumentation, Eighteenth revised and enlarged edition, Dhanpath Rai & Co,
2007.
2. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques – A.O.
Helfrick and W.D.Cooper, Prentice Hall India Publications, 2011.

Reference Books:
1. Instrumentation Devices and Systems – C.S Rangan, G.R. Sharma and VSV
Mani, Tata McGraw Hill Publications.
2. Introduction to Instrumentation and Control – A.K Ghosh – Prentice Hall India
Publications, 2012.
3. Transducers and Instrumentation- D.V.S Murty PHI Publications, 2008.
 Course Code General Physics Laboratory L T P C
222PHY5201 0 0 6 3
Course Category: Program core Course Type: Laboratory Course
Course Objective:
The aim of this laboratory course is to develop an ability to identify, formulate and
solve problems using experimental physics.
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1: Acquire the knowledge, experimental physics etc. in physics
CO2: Improve the analytical and observation ability in physics experiments
CO3: Analyse the various physical properties such as optical, electrical and magnetic
properties using experimental observation
CO4: Implement the experimental skills in solving advanced problems
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H L L H M M
CO2 H L L L L L L
CO3 H L L L L L
CO4 H H L L L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
90 Hours

Sl.
Name of the Experiments
No.
Determination of the coefficient of self-inductance of the given coil by forming
1
Owen’s bridge
Determination of the refractive index of the given liquid using a laser and
2
verifying the result using a hollow prism.
Determination of the susceptibility of the given paramagnetic salt by
3
Quincke’s method.
Determination of the value of the given capacitor by forming a Wien bridge
4
network.
5 Determination of wavelength of prominent lines using a comparator.
Determination of velocity of ultrasonic waves in liquid using an ultrasonic
6
interferometer.
Study the variation of coefficient of coupling between the given pair of coils
7
using Anderson’s bridge.
8 Determination of Cauchy’s Constants.
9 Determination of young’s modulus of the given material using elliptical fringes
Michelson’s interferometer – determination of the wavelength of the source of
10
light.
11 Optic bench – determination of the wavelength of the source of light.
Determination of young’s modulus of the given material using Hyperbolic
12
fringes
13 Determination of the thickness of the paper – Air wedge
14 Determination of dielectric constant of a liquid.
Reference Book:
1. M.N.Srinivasan, S.Balasubramanian and R.Ranganathan, A Text Book of
Practical Physics, Sultan Chand &Sons, 2007.
2. InduPrakash & Ramakrishna, A Text Book of Practical Physics, Kitab Mahal
Agencies, New Delhi, 2011
3. S.R. Govinda Rajan, T. Murugaiyan S. SundaraRajan, Practical Physics,
Rochouse & Sons
 Subject Code Advanced Physics laboratory L T P C
222PHY5202 0 0 4 2
Course Category: Program core Course Type: Laboratory Course
Course Objectives:
To familiarise the students with X –Ray Crystallography, Low Temperature
Physics, Elastic Constants, Ferroelectric Curie temperature, Magnetic Properties,
Computer Simulations for Solid State Physics
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
CO1: Acquire the knowledge, experimental procedure etc., in Advanced Physics
CO2: Improve the analytical and observation ability in Physics Experiments
CO3: Analyze the various properties of the materials using the experimental
observation
CO4: Implement the experiment skills further to solve the Engineering problems.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H L M L L M
CO2 H M L H H M L
CO3 H L H L M L
CO4 H H M L L L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation 60 Hours
List of Experiments
1. Dielectric constant measurement with temperature and verification of curie
Wiess law.
2. Indexing of a given XRD pattern and determination of lattice parameter and
crystal structure.
3. Determination of the characteristics of the G.M. tube.
4. Study the variation of magnetoresistance of a sample with an applied magnetic
field.
5. Determination of Rydberg constant.
6. e/m of an electron Thompson’s method.
7. Band gap determination.
8. Ferromagnetic studies using Guoy’s method.
9. Refractive index of liquids and liquid mixtures using Abbe’s refractometer.
10. Optical activity studies using a polarimeter.
11. Interpretation of vibration spectra of simple molecules using Raman and IR
spectra.
12. Interpretation of UV-visible spectra of materials.
13. Solve the quantum mechanical calculations by using SCI lab.
Reference Books:
1. R A Dunlop, Experimental Physics: Modern Methods, Oxford University Press,
USA, 1 edition, 1988.
2. A Ghatak, K Thyagarajan, Introduction to fiber optics, Cambridge University
Press, First Edition, 1999.
3. A C Melissinos, J Napolitano, Experiments with Modern Physics, Academic
Press, Secod edition, 2003.
4. J Varma, Nuclear Physics Experiments, New Age Publishers, 2001.
5. Introduction to Solid State Physics, Charles Kittal, 7th Edition, John Wiley &
sons, Wiley india edition, 2009.
6. Molecular spectroscopy, Jeanne L. McHale, Pearson Education, 1999.
Experiential Elective
Course
 Subject Code Modern Optics L T P C
224PHY6101 3 0 0 3
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Theory
Course Objective:
The aim of this course focuses to enable the students to understand optics and non-
linear optics concepts in physics
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1: Acquire fundamentals and principles of Laser action
CO2: Understand the basic concepts of different types of lasers
CO3: Apply the knowledge of laser in holography
CO4: Gain the knowledge in Fourier optics and Fourier transforming properties of
lenses
CO5: Understand the concepts of nonlinear optics and harmonic generations.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M M L L
CO2 H M L H H L L
CO3 M M L L M L
CO4 H H M L L M M
CO5 H M H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: Fundamentals of Laser 9 Hours
Emission and absorption of Radiation – Einstein Relations – Population inversion -
Pumping Mechanisms – Optical feedback – Threshold conditions laser losses-Line
shape function- Pumping threshold conditions- Laser modes – Mode locking – Q
Switching - Properties of Laser beams.
Unit II: Laser Systems 9 Hours
Classification of laser systems- Atomic Gas laser: Helium Neon laser – Argon Ion laser
– Molecular laser: Carbon dioxide laser - Excimer lasers- Solid State laser:
Neodymium YAG laser and Glass laser – Titanium Sapphire laser – Fiber laser –
Semiconductor diode laser: Ga-As lasers - Applications.
Unit III: Fourier Optics 9 Hours
Fourier analysis in two dimensions: Definition and Existence Conditions- Fourier
Transform Theorems-Local spatial frequency and space-frequency localization- linear
systems-Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction: The Intensity of a Wave Field- The
Huygens-Fresnel Principle in Rectangular Coordinates- The fresnel approximation-
The fraunhofer approximation-Wave-Optics Analysis of Coherent Optical Systems.

Unit IV: Holography 9 Hours

Holography:Principles and techniques-Characteristics of a hologram-Inline
holography:Gabor holography-Hologram Aberrations-Classification of holograms:
Amplitude and phase holograms-Classification based on hologram thickness:Thin or
plane holograms-volume holograms – Classification based on direction of
reconstructed image: Transmission hologram – Reflection hologram – Classification
according to arrangement - Fresnel hologram-Fraunhofer hologram-Fourier transform
hologram -Applications of Holograms.
Unit V: Non-Linear Optics 9 Hours
Wave propagation in an anisotropic crystal- Polarization response of materials of light-
Second order Non linear optical processes: Second harmonic generation-Sum and
Difference frequency generation-Optical parametric oscillation – Third order Non-
linear optical processes:Third harmonic generation-Intensity dependent refractive
index-Self focussing-Non-linear optical materials.
Text Book(s):
1. Opto Electronics- An Introduction, Wilson & JFB Hawkes 2nd Ed., 1998.
2. Introduction to Fourier optics, J.W. Goodman, McGraw Hill, 1988.
3. Lasers and Holography, Prakash Chandra Mehta, Dr V V Rampal, World
Scientific Publishing, 1998
4. Lasers and Non-Linear optics ,B.B. Laud, Wiley, 1991.

Reference Books:
1. Lasers, Peter W MIlonni & Joseph H .Eberly, Wiley, 2008.
2. Non-linear optics, Robert W Boyd, Academic Press, 1992.
3. Laser Fundamentals by William T. Silfvast; Second Edition, Cambridge, 2004.
 Subject Code Advanced Quantum Mechanics L T P C
224PHY6102 3 0 0 3
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Theory
Course Objectives
➢ To understand the basic concepts of quantum mechanics and different
approximation methods
➢ To acquire the knowledge in identical particles, its spin matrices and wave
equations
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
CO1: Acquire the knowledge in Approximation methods for stationary problems
CO2:Apply the knowledge of Approximation methods for scattering problems
CO3:Analyze the difference between Variation method and Approximation methods
CO4: Gain the knowledge about identical particles and spin matrices
CO5: Understand the concepts of relativistic wave equations.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M M M L
CO2 H L L H H L L
CO3 H M L L M L
CO4 H H M L L M M
CO5 H M H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: Approximation methods for stationary problems 9 Hours
Stationary perturbation theory – Non degenerate case – I order perturbation – 2nd order
perturbation – Perturbation of an oscillator – Degenerate case – Removal of
degeneracy in I order and II order – I order stark effect in Hydrogen – Perturbed energy
levels- Occurrence of permanent electric-dipole moment-Zeeman effect.
Unit II: Methods of scattering problems 9 Hours
The Born approximation – Perturbation approximation – Green’s function – Green’s
function for a free particle – Scattering by a square well potential – Validity of Born
approximation – Scattering by a screened Coulomb potential-WKB approximation.
Unit III: Variation method and Approximation methods 9 Hours
Expectation value of the energy – Application to excited states – Ground state of
Helium.Time dependent perturbation theory – Expansion in un perturbed Eigen
functions – Physical interpretation – Transition probability – Scattering cross section –
Harmonic perturbation Adiabatic and sudden approximations.
Unit IV: Identical particles and spin 9 Hours
Identical particles – Physical meaning of identity – Symmetric and asymmetric wave
functions – Distinguishability of identical particles – The exclusion principle –
Correction with statistical mechanics – Spin-angular momentum – Correction between
spin and statistics – Spin matrices and Eigen functions.
Unit V. Relativistic wave equations 9 Hours
Schrodinger relativistic wave equation – Electromagnetic potential – Separation of the
equation – Energy levels in a Coulomb field – Dirac’s relativistic equation – Free
particle equation – Matrices for  and  - Free particle solution – Charge and current
density – Electromagnetic potentials – Spin-angular momentum – Spin-orbit energy –
Negative energy states- Klein Garden equation.
Text Books:
 1. Quantum mechanics, L.Schiff, McGraw Hill Education, 4th Edition, 2014.
Reference Books:
5. Quantum Mechanics, Merzbacher, John Wiley, 3rd Edition, 1988.
6. Quantum Mechanics, Mathews &Venkatesan, TMH, 1976.
7. Quantum Mechanics:Fundamentals, Kurt Gottfried &Tung-Mow Yan, Springer,
2003
8. The principles of quantum mechanics, P.A. M. Dirac, Oxford University Presss,
1958
 Subject Code Quantum Field Theory L T P C
224PHY6103 3 0 0 3
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Theory
Course Objectives:
➢ To understand the basic concepts in quantum field theory and its importance
in electromagnetic fields.
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
CO1: Acquire fundamentals and principles of Klein-Gordon equation as relativistic
wave equation, Noether’s theorem and Poincare symmetry and internal symmetry.
CO2: Understand the canonical quantization of KG field, and find the solution of KG
field in Schrodinger and Heisenberg pictures.
CO3:Gain the knowledge about the use of anti-commutators.
CO4:Gain the knowledge in quantization of electromagnetic fields.
CO5:To gain the concepts in interacting quantum fields, Wick’s theorem and
Feynman Diagram.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M L H M L
CO2 H M L L L M L
CO3 H M L M L L
CO4 H M L L L L
CO5 H M H L L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: Symmetry Principles 9 Hours
Relativistic kinematics, relativistic waves, Klein-Gordon (KG) equation as a relativistic
wave equation, treatment of the KG equation as a classical wave equation: its
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian, Noether's theorem and derivation of energy-momentum
and angular momentum tensors as consequence of Poincaré symmetry, internal
symmetry and theassociatedconserved current.
Unit I: Quantization of Klein-Gordan Field 9 Hours
Canonical quantization of the KG field, solution of KG theory in Schrödinger and
Heisenberg pictures, expansion in terms of creation and annihilation operators,
definition of the vacuum and N-particle eigen states of the Hamiltonian, vacuum
expectation values, propagators, spin and statistics of the KG quantum.
Unit III: Quantization of Dirac Field 9 Hours
Review of Dirac equation and its quantization, use of anti-commutators, creation
anddestruction operators of particles and antiparticles, Dirac propagator, energy,
momentum and angular momentum, spin and statistics of Dirac quanta.
Unit IV: Quantization of Electromagnetic Fields 9 Hours
Review of free Maxwell's equations, Lagrangian, gauge transformation and gauge
fixing, Hamiltonian, quantization in terms of transverse delta functions, expansion in
terms of creation operators, spin, statistics and propagator of the photon.
Unit V: Perturbative Interaction at Tree Level 9 Hours
Introduction to interacting quantum fields, Wick's Theorem, Feynman Diagram,
Examples from quantum electrodynamics at the tree level: positron-electron and
electron-electron scattering.

Text Book:
 1. Quantum Field Theory, C. Itzykson and J.B. Zuber, McGraw Hill Publications,
1980
2. Quantum Field Theory, L. Ryder, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Reference Books:
1. Relativistic Quantum Fields,J.D. Bjorken and S.D. Drell, McGraw Hill
Publications, 1965.
2. Quantum Electrodynamics, V.B. Berestetskii, E.M. Lifshitz and L.P.
Pitaevskii,Elesvier, 2010.
3. An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, M.E. Peskin and D.V. Schroeder,
West view Press, 2015.
 Subject Code L T P C
Microprocessors and microcontrollers
224PHY6301 2 0 2 3
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Integrated Course
Course Objectives:
➢ To make student understand the theory and working of Microprocessor,
Microcontroller and their applications
➢ To make the student able to use microprocessor and Microcontroller in
different applications.
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
CO1:Understand the structure and working of 8085 microprocessor and apply it
CO2:Understand and working of different peripheral devices and use it in different
applications
CO3:Acquire knowledge about the interfacing peripherals with 8085 microprocessor.
CO4:Understand the Architecture and working principle of 8051 microcontrollers with
different operation modes.
CO5:Acquire knowledge about the interfacing 8051 microcontroller with various
peripherals.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H H M L M L
CO2 H M L M M L
CO3 H L M L L L
CO4 H L M L L L L
CO5 H L H L L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: The 8085 Microprocessor-based system 6 Hours
General Organization of a Microcomputer, Detailed Architecture of 8085, Instructions
Set, Assembly Language Programming, -Ascii Code—High level Languages-
Operating system. The 8085-Based System Design -Pins and Signals,System
Components, Interfacing Memory, I/O Devices.

Unit II: The 8085 Programming Model 6 Hours

8085 instructions and classification – Data Transfer-Arithmetic and logical operators-
Branch operations-Op code Fetch operation-Instruction & Data flow- Flags registers-
Looping-Counters and Time delays-Stacks operation and Subroutines-Restart-
Interrupts-Code conversion- Memory read and memory write-Addressing Modes.

Unit III: Peripheral Interfaces and Interfacing with 8085 6 Hours

Parallel I/O Methods, Programmable Peripheral Interface (8155), Key board /Seven
segment Display interface, Programmable Interval Timer 8254 (8253). Programmable
Interrupt Controller (8259 A), DMA Controller (8237/8257), Programmable Interval
Timer (8253).

Unit IV: INTEL 8051 Microcontrollers 6 Hours

Intel 8051 Architecture-Memory rganization-Internal RAM Structure- Special Function
Registor-Processor Status word-Power control in 8051.Instruction set and
Programming-Addressing modes-Parallel port in 8051-Programming memory and
Data memory Interfacing.
Unit V: 8051 Interfacing 6 Hours
Interfacing with 8255with 8051- Interfacing of Push button switches and LEDs-
Interfacing of Seven segment Displays-Interfacing with ADC and DAC Chip-
Interfacing Stepper Motor with 8051.
List of Experiments 30 Hours
1. Write an assembly language program to add two 16 bit numbers.
2. Assembly language program to find the largest number in a given array.
3. Assembly language program for finding one’s complement.
4. Write a program to multiplication of two 8 bit numbers.
5. Programs in 8051 controllers.

Text Book:
1. Microprocessor Architechure, programming and Application with the 8085-By
Gaonkar-Penram International Publishing (India)Pvt. Ltd.
2. Microprocessors and Microcontrollers-By Senthil Kumar, Saravanan,
Jeevananthan, Oxford University Press, 2010 ,India.
3. Microprocessors, PC Hardware and Interfacing - By N. Mathivanan, PHI,
2003
Reference Books:
1. The 8086 Microprocessor : Programming & Interfacing the PC - By
Kenneth J. Ayala Penram International Publishing, 1995
2. Advanced Microprocessors and Peripherals - Architecture, Programming and
Interfacing - By A K Ray and K M Bhurchandi, TMH, 2000
3. Advanced Microprocessors and Interfacing - By Badri Ram, TMH, 2nd
Reprint 2002
 Subject Code Communication Systems L T P C
224PHY6104 3 0 0 3
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Theory
Course Objective:
The aim of this course focuses to enable the students to apply the mathematical
concepts in physics
➢ To make the student familiar with theory and importance of communication
devices.
➢ To make the student capable of developing advanced communication devices
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
CO1: Learn the basic concepts on the theory of analog signals and their modulations
CO2: Understand the principles of digital transmission systems and apply them.
CO3: Understand the theory of optical sources, various transmission lines.
CO4: Understand the theory of Microwave propagation and devices
CO5: Apply the Advanced Communication Techniques in communications systems
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M M M L
CO2 M M L M L L L
CO3 M H M L M L
CO4 M H M L L M M
CO5 H M H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation

Unit I: Analog signal transmission 9 Hours

Need for modulation, Amplitude modulation, Frequency spectrum for sinusoidal A.M,
Average power for sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal A.M, Generation of A.M. waves-
Collector modulator, Balanced modulator, A.M transmitter (Block diagram approach),
Detection of A.M waves –Frequency and Phase modulation, Frequency spectrum for
sinusoidal F.M, Average power for sinusoidal F.M, Varactor diode F.M modulator.

Unit II: Digital transmission of analog signals 9 Hours

Sampling theorem, Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), Natural sampling, Flat-top
sampling, Signal recovery through holding, Quantization of signals, Quantization error,
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM). Digital modulation techniques: Amplitude Shift
Keying (ASK), Phase Shift Keying (PSK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) and
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) and their generation and detection
(qualitative).

Unit III: Transmission lines 9 Hours

Introduction, Primary line constants, Phase velocity and line wavelength,
Characteristic impedance, Propagation coefficient, Phase and group velocities,
Standing waves, Lossless line at radio frequencies, VSWR, Slotted-line
measurements at radio frequencies, Transmission lines as circuit elements, Smith
chart.

Unit IV: Microwave propagation and devices 9 Hours

Introduction to rectangular and circular wave guides, Solution of wave equations in
cylindrical coordinates, TE and TM modes, Power transmission and loss in circular
wave guides, Excitation of modes in circular wave guide, Microwave tunnel diode, Gun
effect diode (GaAs), Microwave generation and amplification.

Unit V: Advanced Communication Techniques 9 Hours

RADAR Systems- Principle of operation, radar frequencies, pulse considerations,
Radar range equation, minimum detectable signal, signal to noise ratio, integration of
RADAR pulses, RADAR transmitters, receivers, Antennas. Satellite Communication:,
look angles, orbital spacing, satellite systems, link modules

Text Books:
1. Dennis Roddy, Electronic Communications, Pearson Education India, 1977
2. R.P. Singh and S.D. Sapre, Communication Systems, Tata McGraw Hill,
2011.
3. G. Kennedy, Electronic Communication Systems, Tata McGraw Hill, New
Delhi, 1995.
4. M. Schwarts, W. R. Bennet and S. Stein, Communication Systems and
Techniques, McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
5. J. Millman and L. C. Halkias, Electronic Devices and Circuits, McGraw Hill,
Singapore, 1972.
6. B. P. Lathi, Communication Sytems, BS Publication Hyderabad, 2008.

Reference Books:
1. Samuel Y Liao, Microwave devices and circuits –, Pearson Education, 2003.
2. H. Taub and D. L. Schilling Principles of Communication Systems – (2nd
edition) TMH, 2014.
3. Simon Haykin An Introduction to Analog and Digital Communications –, 2nd
Ed.,Wiley, 2006.
4. Wyane Tomasi, Electronic Communication Systems, Pearson Education, 2001
 Subject Code Energy Physics L T P C
224PHY6105 3 0 0 3
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Theory
Course Objectives:
➢ To understand the basic concepts of energies produced from various energy
sources, advantages and disadvantages
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
CO1: To gain the knowledge about different energy sources, energy storage and
distribution
CO2: Understand the basic concepts related to ocean energy.
CO3:Understand the basic principles in wind energy conversion and advantage and
disadvantage of wind energy conversion systems.
CO4:Gain the knowledge about the energy produced from biomass and biogas.
CO5: Understand the concepts of solar cell and solar energy.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H L M M M
CO2 H L L L L M
CO3 H M L M M L
CO4 H M L L L L L
CO5 H M M M L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: Energy Sources
Introduction to energy sources - Energy sources and their availability – prospects of
renewable energy sources – Energy from other sources – chemical energy – Nuclear
energy –
Energy storage and distribution.
Unit II: Ocean Energy
Ocean Energy Resource-Introduction-Tides: Tidel energy to electric energy
conversion, Tidal power, Advantage and disadvantage of Tidel power-Ocean currents:
Currents Energy to Electric energy conversion, Ocean currents resource in Puerto
Rico-ocean Thermal energy: OTEC-Ocean waves energy.
Unit III: Wind Energy
Basic principles of wind energy conversion – power in the wind – forces in the Blades
– Wind energy conversion – Advantages and disadvantages of wind energy
conversion systems
(WECS) Energy storage – Applications of wind energy.
Unit IV: Energy from Biomass and Biogas
Energy from Biomass: Biomass conversion Technologies – wet and dry process –
Photosynthesis. Biogas Generation: Introduction – basic process and energetic –
Advantages of anaerobic digestion – factors affecting bio digestion and generation of
gas - biogas from waste fuel – properties of biogas- utilization of biogas.
Unit V: Solar Energy
Solar radiation and its measurements – solar, cells : Solar cells for direct conversion
of solar energy to electric powers – solar cell parameter – solar cell electrical
characteristics -Efficiency – solar water Heater – solar distillation – solar cooking –
solar green house.
Text Book:
1. Non-conventional sources of energy by G.D. Rai, 4th edition, Khanna
Publishers, New Delhi, (1996)
Reference Books:
1. Energy Technology: Nonconventional, Renewable & Conventional, S. Rao,
Khanna Publishers (2005)
2. John Twidell and Tony weir, Renewable energy resources, Taylor and Francis
group, London and Newyork, 2005.
3. Solar energy, principles of thermal collection and storage by S.P. Sukhatme
2nd edition,Tata McGraw-Hill publishing co. Ltd., New Delhi, 1997.
 Subject Code Radiation Physics L T P C
224PHY6106 3 0 0 3
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Theory
Course Objectives:
➢ To understand the types of radiation source, radiation quantities and
interaction of radiation with matter and also to aware about the protection from
the radiation.
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
CO1: know the radiation source
CO2: learn the knowledge on the interaction of radiation with matter.
CO3: understand the Radiation quantities, Units and Dosimeters
CO4: know about Biological effects
CO5: understand the basic information regarding Radiation protection, shielding and
transport
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H M L M L L
CO2 H L L L
CO3 H M M L M L L
CO4 H M L M L L
CO5 H L L L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation

UNIT – I: Radiation source

Types of radiations - ionizing, non ionizing, electromagnetic, particles, neutral –
gamma – neutrino neutron - charged alpha, beta, gamma, and heavy ion sources -
radioactive sources – naturally occurring production of artificial isotopes –
accelerators – cyclotrons
UNIT – II: Interaction of radiations with matter:
Electrons – classical theory of inelastic collisions with atomic electrons - energy loss
per ion pair by primary and secondary ionization - specific energy loss –
bremsstrahlung - range energy relation - energy and range straggling Heavy charged
particles – stopping power - energy loss - range and range – energy relations - Bragg
curve
UNIT – III: Radiation quantities, Units and Dosimeters:
Particle flux and fluence - calculation of energy flux and fluence – curie – Becquerel -
exposure and its measurements - absorbed dose and its relation to exposure –
KERMA - Biological effectiveness - wighting factors - (WR and WT) - Equivalent dose
- Effective dose – Dosimeters - Primary and secondary dosimeters - Pocket dosimeter
- Films and solid dosimeter (TLD and RPL) - Clinical and calorimetric devices.
UNIT – IV: Biological effects :
Basic concepts of cell biology - Effects of ionizing radiations at molecular - sub
molecular and cellular levels - secondary effects - free radicals - deterministic effects
- stochastic effects. Effects on tissues and organs - genetic effects - Mutation and
chromosomal aberrations - applications in cancer therapy- food preservation -
radiation and sterilization.
UNIT – V: Radiation protection, shielding and transport :
Effective radiation protection - need to safeguard against continuing radiation
exposure – justification and responsibility – ALARA - concept of radiologic practice -
time distance and shielding - safety specifications - method of radiation control -
Shielding factor for radiations - Choice of material - Primary and secondary radiations
- Source geometry - Beta shielding - Gamma shielding - neutron shielding - Shielding
requirements for industrial and research facilities.
Text Books:
1. G.F.Knoll, Radiation detection and measurement, John Wiley & sons, Newyork,
(2000)
2. K.Thayalan, Basic radiological physics, Jaypee brothers medical Publishers,
New Delhi, (2003)
3. W.J. Meredith and J.B. Masse, Fundamental Physics of radiology, Varghese
publishing house , Bombay (1992)
References Books:
1. M.A.S. Sherer, P.J.Visconti, E.R Ritenour, Radiation Protection in medical
radiography, Mosbey Elsevier,(2006)
2. Lowenthal G.C and Airey P.L., Practical applications of radioactivity and nuclear
radiation sources, Cambridge University Press (2005)
 Subject Code Medical Physics L T P C
224PHY6107 3 0 0 3
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Theory
Course Objectives:
➢ To understand the basic concepts of physics in the medical field
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1: Understand the basic concepts of Biosensor.
CO2: Understand working principles of Transducers, thermister and photo cells.
CO3: Learn the instrumentation techniques of ECG and ENG.
CO4: Learn the basic concepts of X-ray and its application.
CO5: Understand the concepts of thermography and endoscopy.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M L L
CO2 H M L L L
CO3 H L L M L L
CO4 H M L L L L L
CO5 H M M M
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation

Unit – I

Bioelectric Signals – Electrodes – Surface, Needle and Micro Electrodes –

Biosensors – Pulse Sensors.

Unit – II

Transducers: Thermistors: Photo electric type – transducer – photo voltaic cells –

Photo emissive cells – Diode – Detectors – Optical fibers.

Unit – III

Blood Pressure measurements: Sphygmomanometer Measurement of heart rate –

Basic Principles of ECG – Basic Principles of Electroneurography (ENG) – basic
Principles of MRI.

Unit – IV:

Basic of X-ray – Production of X-ray – X-ray Image – Applications of X-ray

Examinations – Basic Principles of X-ray Tomography.

Unit – V

Endoscopes – Thermography – Liquid Crystal thermography – Microwave

thermography – Basic Principles of ultrasonography – Laser – Uses of Lasers in
Medicine.

Text Books:
 1. Biomedical Instrumentation – Dr. M. Arumugam, Anuratha Agencies
Publishers (2002).
2. Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentations, TMG, New Delhi (2005) –
R.S.Khandpur.
Reference Books:
1. Bio-Medical Electronics & Instrumentation – Prof. S.K.Venkata Ram –
Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd.
2. H.E. Jones and J.R. Cunnigham, The Physics of Radiology, Charles C.
Thomas. New York (1980).
3. B.H. Brown, R.H. Smallwood, D.C. Barber, P.V. Lawford and D.R. Hose,
Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Overseas Press India Private
Limited, New Delhi (2005).
 Subject Code Astronomy and Astrophysics L T P C
224PHY6108 3 0 0 3
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Theory
Course Objective:
The aim of this course focuses to enable the students to understand the Universe and
different astronomical objects.
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1: Understand the basic concepts of coordinate systems, coordinate system used
in astronomy, and evolution and properties of stellar objects.
CO2: Understand different mechanisms of energy transfer in stellar objects.
CO3: Understand the nuclear reactions in stellar objects and their behaviour.
CO4: Learn the basic concepts of cosmology and astrophysics.
CO5: Understand the different types astronomy according to the wavelengths of
emission.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M M M L
CO2 M M L M L L L
CO3 M H M L M L
CO4 M H M L L M M
CO5 H M H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation

Unit –I: Introduction to stars and stellar properties 9 Hour

Ecliptic – equatorial – right ascension and declination – rotation and precession of
stars – Solar system – overview – extra solar planets
d, L, M, R, g, T_e, abundances – Magnitudes and bolometric corrections – spectral
classifications – colour-magnitude diagram – stellar populations
Unit –II: Energy Transport In Stars 9 Hour
Radiative transfer – interiors Vs atmospheres – opacity – scattering and absorption
processes – Rosseland mean – conduction, convection – Schwarzschild criterion –
mixing length theory – turbulence and dissipation
Unit – III: Nuclear Reactions In Astrophysics and Sequence Of Evolution 9
Hour
Binding energy per nucleon – isotopic abundances – H and He burning – non-
resonant and resonant reactions
Equations of stellar structure – internal and gravitational energy – PP chains, CNO
cycles, solar neutrinos – surface boundary conditions – Shell hydrogen burning –
properties of giant stars – Core helium burning – properties of horizontal branch
stars.
Unit – IV: The Observed Universe 9 Hour
The cosmological distance scale – The Cosmological Principle – The expansion of
the Universe – Hubble’s law – The deceleration parameter – The cosmological
constant – The large scale distribution of matter – Clustering properties – The age of
the Universe – Relationship to the Hubble’s constant – Stellar evolution – Cosmic
background radiations – Mass density of the Universe.
Unit V: Multicolour Astronomy And Instrumentation 9 Hour
Introduction to – Radio Astronomy - Infrared Astronomy – X-ray Astronomy – -ray
Astronomy – Hubble’s telescope – Chandra X-ray telescope – Spitze IR telescope –
Spacecraft and Ground Based -ray telescopes (TACTIC, PACT etc.,).
Text Books:
1. Franklin Shu, Physical Universe, University Science Books; 1981 edition (17
January 1981)
2. Martin Harwit, Astrophysical Concepts, Springer; 4th ed. 2006
Reference:
1. V.B. Bhatia, Text Book of Astronomy and Astrophysics with elements of
Cosmology, Alpha Science International Ltd (1 January 2001)
 Subject Code Atmospheric Physics L T P C
224PHY6109 3 0 0 3
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Theory
Course Objective:
The aim of this course focuses to enable the students to understand the nature and
behaviour of earth’s atmosphere.
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1: Understand the basic composition of earth’s atmosphere and different
processes going on in the atmosphere.
CO2: Understand the theory of atmosphere and its properties.
CO3: Understand and analyse the different processes going in the atmosphere in day
to day basis as well as long term basis.
CO4: Learn the causes of pollution of atmosphere and the remedies..
CO5: Understand the different types of meteorological measurements and reporting.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M M M L
CO2 M M L M L L L
CO3 M H M L M L
CO4 M H M L L M M
CO5 H M H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit – I 9 Hour
Atmospheric composition - Laws of thermodynamics of the atmosphere - Adiabatic
process - Potential temperature - The Clauses – Clapyeron equation - law of black
body radiation - solar and terrestrial radiation - Albedo - Green house effect - Heat
balance of earth atmosphere system.
Unit – II 9 Hour
Fundamental force - Non-Inertial reference frames and apparent forces - Structure of
static atmosphere.
Momentum - Continuity and energy equations - Thermodynamics of the dry
atmosphere - Elementary applications of the basic equations.
The circulation theorem - Voracity, Potential Voracity, Voracity and potential Voracity
equations.
Unit – III 9 Hour
Wind - Temperature and pressure distribution over India in the lower - Middle and
upper atmosphere during pre, post and mid-monsoon season - Monsoon circulation in
the meridonal (Y-Z) and (X-Y) planes - Energy cycle monsoon - Dynamics of monsoon
depressions and easterly waves - Intra-Seasonal and inter-annual variability of
monsoon - Quasi-be weekly and 30-60 day oscillations - ENSO and dynamical
mechanism for their existence.
Unit – IV 9 Hour
Role of meteorology on atmospheric pollution - Atmospheric boundary layer, air
stability, local wind structure, Ekman spiral, turbulence boundary layer scaling -
Residence time and reaction rates of pollutants, sulphur compounds nitrogen
compounds - carbon compounds, organic compounds, aerosols, toxic gases and
radioactive particles trace gases.
Unit – V 9 Hour
Basic meteorology - radar principles and technology - Radar signal processing and
display - Weather radar-observation of precipitating systems - Estimation of
precipitation radar observation of tropical cyclones - Use of weather radar in aviation,
clear air radars - Observation of clear air phenomena - Other radar systems and
applications.
Text Books:
1. Frederick K.Lutgens and Edward J.Tarbuk, The atmosphere, Holton. J.R, 1992,
Dynamic
Meteorology, Academic press New York.
2. Keshvamuthhy. R.N. and M.Shankar Rao, 1992, The Physics of Monsoons,
Allied
Publishers, New Delhi
References Books:
1. Haltiner. G.J. and R.T. Villians, 1980, Numerical Whether Prediction, John
Wiley and
sons, New Delhi.
2. Tom Lyons and Prillscott, Principles of Air Pollution Meteorology, CBS
publishers and
Distributors (P) Ltd.,
 Subject Code Analytical Instrumentation L T P C
224PHY6110 3 0 0 3
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Theory
Course Objective:
To strengthen the students with the fundamental terms, concepts, theory and
application of analytical instrumentation.
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1: To know the fundamental terms of analytical techniques and analytical methods.
CO2: To gain the knowledge different methods based on X- rays.
CO3: Gain the knowledge of different thermal techniques.
CO4: To Learn and Understand the spectroscopic methods.
CO5: Gain the knowledge on various kind of electron microscopy techniques.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H M M L M L
CO2 H M H L L L L
CO3 M M H L M L
CO4 H H H M L M M
CO5 H L H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: Introduction to Instrumental Methods 9 Hours
Fundamental terms – Classification of instrumental techniques –Important
considerations in analytical methods – Basic functions of instrumentation –
Considerations in evaluating an instrumental methods – Signal to noise ratio -
Sensitivity and detection limit – Accuracy and instrumental calibration.
Unit II: X – Ray Methods 6 Hours
Production of X – ray and X – ray spectra – Instrumentation – Direct X – ray methods
– X – ray Absorption, Fluorescence, Diffraction methods – Auger Emission
spectroscopy (AES).
Unit III: Thermal analysis 9 Hours
Thermogravimetry – Differential scanning calorimetry and differential analysis –
Evolved gas detection and analysis – Methodology for thermogravimetry, differential
scanning calorimetry, and differential thermal analysis – Thermomecahnical analysis
and dynamic mechanical analysis.
Unit IV: Spectroscopic techniques 12 Hours
Nature of electromagnetic radiation – Radiation sources, wavelength selection –
fundamental laws of photometry - Instruments of absorption photometry – Correlation
of infrared spectra with molecular structure – instrumentation, sample handling,
quantitative analysis – Raman theory, instrumentation, quantitative analysis –
comparison of Raman with Infrared spectroscopy – other spectroscopic techniques.
Unit V: Electron Microscopy analysis 9 Hours
Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Atomic force and
scanning tunneling microscopy, Surface analytical methods.

Text Book(s):
1. Hobart H. Willard, Lynne L. Merritt, Jr., John A. Dean and Frank A. Settle, Jr.,
Instrumental methods of analysis, Seventh Edition, CBS Publishers, 1986.
Reference Books:
1. Michael Sayer, Abhai Mansingh, Measurement, Instrumentation and
Experiments in Physics and Engineering, Eastern Economy Edition, PHI
Learning, 2015.
2. P.C. Angelo, Materials Characterization, Isa Publishers , 2014.
3. R.S. Khandpur, Handbook of analytical instruments, Second Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill Publications, 2006.
 Subject Code Crystal Growth and Crystallography L T P C
224PHY6111 3 0 0 3
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Theory
Course Objective:
To strengthen the students with crystallographic and crystal growth techniques.
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1: To know the fundamentals in crystal symmetry and structures.
CO2: To gain the knowledge in X- ray Diffraction.
CO3: Gain the knowledge of different types of diffraction techniques.
CO4: To Learn and Understand the crystal growth theories.
CO5: Acquire the knowledge in crystal growth techniques.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H M M L M L
CO2 H M H L L L L
CO3 M M H L M L
CO4 H H H M L M M
CO5 H L H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: Crystal Symmetry and Structures 9 Hours
Symmetry operations, elements - translational symmetries - point groups - space
groups - equivalent positions – close packed structures - voids - important crystal
structures – Pauling’s rules - defects in crystals – polymorphism and twinning.
Unit II: X-Ray Diffraction 9 Hours
Generation of X-rays - laboratory sources – X-ray absorption – X-ray monochromators
- X-ray detectors (principles only) - diffraction by X-rays - Bragg’s law - reciprocal lattice
concept - Laue conditions - Ewald and limiting spheres - atomic scattering factor -
anomalous scattering - neutron and electron diffraction (qualitative only)
Unit III: Single Crystal and Powder Diffraction 9 Hours
Laue, rotation/oscillation methods - interpretation of diffraction patterns - cell
parameter determination – indexing – systematic absences - space group
determination (qualitative only). Powder diffraction: Debye-Scherrer method – uses.
Unit IV: Crystal Growth Theory 9 Hours
Introduction to crystal growth - nucleation – Gibbs-Thomson equation - kinetic theory
of nucleation – limitations of classical nucleation theory - homogeneous and
heterogeneous nucleation – different shapes of nuclei – spherical, cap, cylindrical and
orthorhombic – Temkins model – physical modeling of BCF theory.
Unit V: Crystal Growth Techniques 9 Hours
Bridgman technique - Czochralski method - Verneuil technique - zone melting – gel
growth – solution growth methods – low and high temperature solution growth
methods – vapour growth - epitaxial growth techniques- LPE – MOCVD – MPE
Text Books:
1. H.E.Buckley. Crystal growth. John Wiely & sons, New York, 1981.
2. L.V.Azaroff. Elements of X-ray crystallography. Techbooks, 1992.
3. P.Ramasamy and P.Santhanaraghavan. Crystal growth processes and methods.
KRU Publications, 2000.
Reference Books:
1. D.Elwell and H.J.Scheel. Crystal growth from high temperature solution. Academic
Press, New York,1995.
2. R.A.Laudise. The growth of single crystals. Prentice Hall, Englewood,1970.
3. J.A.K.Tareen and T.R.N.Kutty. A basic course in crystallography. University Press,
2001.
4. C.Hammond. The Basics of Crystallography and Diffraction, IUCr-Oxford University
Press, 2009.
 Subject Code Materials Science L T P C
222PHY6112 3 0 0 3
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Theory
Objective:
This course aims to give exposure to the students on basic knowledge on materials
science
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1:Understand the basics of Phase diagram
CO2:Analyse the mechanical behavior of materials
CO3:Understand the basic concepts of magnetism and its applications
CO4:Apply the concepts of dielectric materials in day today life
CO5: Understand the basic knowledge on advanced materials
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M H M L
CO2 M L H H H L L
CO3 H L L H M L
CO4 H M M L L M M
CO5 H M H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: Phase Diagrams 9 Hours
Solubility limit, phase equilibrium, binary eutectic systems, ceramic phase diagram,
Phase rule, microstructures, Iron-Carbon system, influence of alloying, Isothermal
Transformation Diagrams, Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams.
Unit II: Mechanical Properties 9 Hours
Factors affecting mechanical properties - mechanical tests - tensile, hardness, impact,
creep and fatigue - Plastic deformation by slip - shear strength - work hardening and
recovery - fracture - Griffith's theory - slip and twinning - creep resistant materials -
diffusion – Fick’s law.
Unit III: Magnetic Properties 9 Hours
Classification - dia, para, ferro, antiferro and ferrimagnetism – Langevin and Weiss
theories - exchange interaction - magnetic aniostrophy - magnetic domains - molecular
theory – hysterisis - hard and soft magnetic materials - ferrite structure and uses -
magnetic bubbles - magnetoresistance - dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS)
materials.
Unit IV: Optical Properties 9 Hours
Optical absorption in insulators, semiconductors and metals – band to band absorption
– luminescence - photoconductivity. Injection luminescence and LEDs - LED materials
- superluminescent LED materials - liquid crystals - properties and structure - liquid
crystal displays-comparison between LED and LC displays.
Unit V: Advanced Materials 9 Hours
Metallic glasses - preparation, properties and applications - SMART materials -
piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, electrostrictive materials - shape memory alloys -
rheological fluids - CCD device materials and applications - solar cell materials -
introduction to nanophase materials and their properties.
Text Books:
1. Materials Science and Engineering, W. D. Callister, Jr. Wiley Eastern Limited,
1984.
2. V.Raghavan, Materials Science and Engineering, Prentice Hall,2003.
 3. D.R.Tilley and J.Tilley, Superfludity and superconductivity, 3rd Edition,
Hilger,1990
Reference Books:
1. Charles Kittel, Introduction to solid state physics, Wiley 7th edition, 1996.
2. K.V.Keer, Principles of solid state physics, Wiley - Eastern, 1993.
3. Microelectronic Materials - C.R.M.Grovenor, Adam Hilger, Bristol and
Philadelphia,1989.
 Subject Code Nanoscience And Nanotechnology L T P C
224PHY6103 3 0 0 3
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Theory
Objective:
This course aims to give exposure to the students on basic knowledge on
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1: understand the fundamentals of Nanotechnology.
CO2: Acquire the basic knowledge on nucleation, materials preparation techniques.
CO3: learn the fundamentals about the different types of nanostrucures
CO4: understand the different properties of nanomaterials.
CO5: know the applications of nanomaterials in day today life.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M H M L
CO2 M L H H H L L
CO3 H L L H M L
CO4 H M M L L M M
CO5 H M H L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: Background to Nanotechnology 9 Hour
Scientific revolution- Atomic structures-Molecular and atomic size-Bohr radius –
Emergence of Nanotechnology – Challenges in Nanotechnology - Carbon age–New
form of carbon (from Graphene sheet to CNT).
Unit II: Nucleation 9 Hour
Influence of nucleation rate on the size of the crystals- macroscopic to microscopic
crystals and nanocrystals - large surface to volume ratio, top-down and bottom-up
approaches-self assembly process-grain boundary volume in nanocrystals-defects in
nanocrystals-surface effects on the properties.
Unit III: Types of Nanostructures 9 Hour
Definition of a Nano system - Types of Nanocrystals-One Dimensional (1D)-Two
Dimensional (2D) -Three Dimensional (3D) nanostructured materials - Quantum dots
- Quantum wireCore/Shell structures.
Unit IV: Nanomaterials and properties 9 Hour
Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) - Metals (Au, Ag) - Metal oxides (TiO2, CeO2, ZnO) -
Semiconductors (Si, Ge, CdS, ZnSe) - Ceramics and Composites - Dilute magnetic
semiconductor- Biological system - DNA and RNA - Lipids - Size dependent properties
- Mechanical, Physical and Chemical properties.
Unit V: Applications of Nanomaterials 9 Hour
Molecular electronics and nanoelectronics – Quantum electronic devices - CNT based
transistor and Field Emission Display - Biological applications - Biochemical sensor -
Membrane based water purification.
Text Books:
1. M. Wilson, K. Kannangara, G Smith, M. Simmons, B. Raguse, Nanotechnology:
Basic science and Emerging technologies, Overseas Press India Pvt Ltd, New
Delhi, First Edition, 2005.
2. C.N.R.Rao, A.Muller, A.K.Cheetham (Eds), The chemistry of nanomaterials:
Synthesis, properties and applications, Wiley VCH Verlag Gmbh&Co, Weinheim,
2004.
Reference Books:
1. Kenneth J. Klabunde (Eds), Nanoscale Materials Science, John Wiley & Sons,
InC, 2001.
2. C.S.S.R.Kumar, J.Hormes, C.Leuschner, Nanofabrication towards biomedical
applications, Wiley –VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, Weinheim, 2004.
3. W. Rainer, Nano Electronics and information Technology, Wiley, 2003.
4. K.E.Drexler, Nano systems, Wiley, 1992.
5. G.Cao, Naostructures and Nanomaterials: Synthesis, properties and applications,
Imperical College Press, 2004.
Supportive Course
 Course Code Research Methodology L T P C
221PHY0101 3 0 0 3
Course Category: Supportive Courses Course Type: Theory
Objective:
This course aims to give exposure to the students to research methodology
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, Students will be able to
CO1: understand the basics of research methodology
CO2: understand the different types of research design and know the concepts of
experimental design
CO3: learn the fundamentals of optical and thermal property-related instrumentation
techniques.
CO4: Understand the working principles of magnetic property and compositional
analysis-related instrumentation techniques.
CO5: solve the numerical problems through numerical problems.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H M M L M L
CO2 H L M M
CO3 H M L L
CO4 H M L L L
CO5 H M L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Unit I: Basics of Research Methodology 9 Hours
Meaning, Objectives, Motivation and Types of Research - Selection of a research
problem - literature survey - current status of the problem - analysis of the problem -
inferences – Criteria of Good Research
Unit II: Research Design 9 Hours
Meaning of Research Design – Need for Research Design – Features of Good Design
– Concepts – Different Research Design – Basic Principles of Experimental Designs -
Developing a Research Plan - Characteristics and different types of a Sample Design
Unit III: Interpretation and article or report writing 9 Hours
Meaning of Interpretation, Why Interpretation? The technique of Interpretation -
Significance of Report Writing - Different Steps in Writing Report - Layout of the
Research Report - Art of publishing research articles/Reports
Unit IV: Characterization techniques – I 9 Hour
XRD – Infrared – Raman – Ultraviolet – Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy – Thermal
Gravimetric Analysis – Differential Thermal Analysis (all the methods instrumentation
and applications only)
Unit V: Characterization techniques – II 9 Hour
Microhardness – Vibration Sample Magnetometer – Scanning Electron Microscope –
Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis – Cyclic voltammetry – Photoluminescence (all the
methods instrumentation and applications only)

Reference books
1. Research methodology, C. R. Kothari, New age international publishers, 2005.
2. Research methodology, A step-by-step guide for beginners, Ranjit Kumar,
Sage, 2005.
3. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis, Gurseep R.Chatwal, Sham K.
Anand, Himalaya Publishing house, 2007 reprint.
4. Computer-oriented numerical methods, V. Rajaram, Prentice Hall, 2004.
5. Relevant research articles
 Course Code Programming in C++ L T P C
221PHY0301 1 0 2 3
Course Category: Supportive Course Course Type: Integrated Course
Objective:
The aim of this course is not just to teach computer programming and numerical
analysis but to emphasize its role in solving problems in Physics.
❖ Highlights the use of computational methods to solve physical problems
❖ Use of computer language as a tool in solving physics problems (applications)
❖ Course will consist of hands-on training on Problem solving on Computers.
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
CO1: Understand the fundamentals of programming languages and parameters.
CO2: Understand and use different programming statements.
CO3: Understand and use different loop control structures in programming
CO4: Understand and apply different functions in programming
CO5: Apply the knowledge of program techniques to develop C-programs for solving
simple problems in Physics.
Mapping of Course Outcome(s):
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 H H M M L M
CO2 H M M M
CO3 H M L L L
CO4 H L L L
CO5 H L L L
H – High correlation; M – Medium Correlation; L – Low Correlation
Course Topics:
Unit I: C Language Fundamentals 3 Hours
Identifiers and Keywords – Data Types: Integer, Floating and Character Data Types -
Constants, Variables – Operators: Arithmetic Operators, Assignment Operators,
Comparison Operators, Logical Operators, Bitwie Operators, Special Operators.
Unit II: Control Statement 3 Hours
if statement, if-else, nested if-else, Switch statement. while loop, do-while, for loop,
nesting of loop. break statement, continue statement and goto statement.
Unit III: Functions 3 Hours
Introduction – Defining a Function – The return statement – Function prototypes –
Types of user defined function, Actual and Formal arguments – Local and Global
Variables.
Unit IV: Array, Pointer and Strings 3 Hours
Array Notation – Array Declaration – Array Initialisation – Processing with Arrays –
Arrays and Functions – Multidimensional Arrays – Character Arrays – Pointer
Arithmetic - Strings
Unit V: Classes and Objects 3 Hours
Introduction - Structure of a Class – Declaration of a Class – Member Functions –
Defining the object of a Class – Accessing a member of Class – Array of Class
Objects.
Hands on exercises:
Write a C++ Program for solving the following physical and mathematical
problems
1. Quadratic equation.
 2. Straight line equation.
3. Matrix addition, subtraction and multiplication
4. Prime numbers and Fibonacci series.
5. Algebraic equation
6. Complex numbers
7. Trigonometric series
8. Equation of motion of Newtonian mechanics
9. Equation of motion of simple harmonic oscillator
10. Find the voltage using ohm’s Law.
11. Simple physics problems.
Text Book:
1. Programming with C++, D Ravichandran, Third Edition, Tata McGraw Hill
Publication, New Delhi, 2012.
Reference Books:
1. An Introductory Course in Computational Physics-Richard Fitzpatrick, Create Space
Independent Publishing Platform, 2015
2. Computational Physics-Nicholas Giordano & Hisao Nakanishi, Pearson Education,
Second edition, 2006
3. An Introduction to Computational Physics, Tao Pang, Cambridge University Press;
2nd edition, 2006
Internship (Optional)
Course Code Internship L T P C
224PHY7201 0 0 30 15
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Laboratory Course

A course requiring students to participate in a professional activity or work

experience, or cooperative education activity with an entity external to the education
institution, normally under the supervision of an expert of the given external entity. A
key aspect of the internship is induction into actual work situations. Internships involve
working with local industry, government or private organizations, business
organizations, artists, crafts persons, and similar entities to provide opportunities for
students to actively engage in on-site experiential learning.
Experiential Core Courses
Course Code Project L T P C
223PHY7201 0 0 40 20
Course Category: Experiential Elective Course Type: Laboratory Course
Course Objective: To develop the students’ knowledge towards solving, analysing
and/or exploring real-time difficult problems and to develop the students to create the
products towards society needs.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, students should be able to:
CO1: Demonstrate the fundamental physics concepts
CO2: Undertake the problem identification, formulation and solution
CO3: Demonstrate knowledge of contemporary issues in their chosen field of research
CO4: Demonstrate an ability to present and defend their research work to a panel of
experts.
CO5: Design the new solution/product.

This course will be conducted largely as an individual project under the direct
supervision of a member of the academic staff. The specific project topic undertaken
will reflect the common interests and expertise of the student(s) and supervisor. In this
project, detailed research work is expected from the students. Few research areas are
listed below based on the resources available, and the students may select their
research work from the given list in consultation with their supervisor.

❖ Electronic circuits and instrumentation

❖ Development of Electronic devices
❖ Communication devices
❖ Computer simulation towards physics problems
❖ New Materials synthesis
❖ Materials characterization
❖ Theoretical Physics
❖ Crystal growth and Crystallography
❖ Materials Science
❖ Battery Technology
❖ Thin Film
❖ Energy Physics
❖ Density Functional Theory
❖ Astrophysics
❖ Nuclear and Particle Physics
❖ Biophysics
❖ Medical physics
❖ Atmospheric Physics
❖ Geophysics
❖ Plasma Physics

Those who want to select the project fields which are not listed above, they are also
permitted to do the project on their own interest with the permission of supervisor and
department.