Lecture Notes in Computer Science 14348

Founding Editors
Gerhard Goos
Juris Hartmanis

Editorial Board Members

Elisa Bertino, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Wen Gao, Peking University, Beijing, China
Bernhard Steffen , TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
Moti Yung , Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
The series Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), including its subseries Lecture
Notes in Artificial Intelligence (LNAI) and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics (LNBI),
has established itself as a medium for the publication of new developments in computer
science and information technology research, teaching, and education.
LNCS enjoys close cooperation with the computer science R & D community, the
series counts many renowned academics among its volume editors and paper authors, and
collaborates with prestigious societies. Its mission is to serve this international commu-
nity by providing an invaluable service, mainly focused on the publication of conference
and workshop proceedings and postproceedings. LNCS commenced publication in 1973.
Xiaohuan Cao · Xuanang Xu · Islem Rekik ·
Zhiming Cui · Xi Ouyang
Editors

Machine Learning
in Medical Imaging
14th International Workshop, MLMI 2023
Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2023
Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 8, 2023
Proceedings, Part I
Editors
Xiaohuan Cao Xuanang Xu
Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Ltd. Troy, NY, USA
Shanghai, China
Zhiming Cui
Islem Rekik ShanghaiTech University
Imperial College London Shanghai, China
London, UK

Xi Ouyang
Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co.,
Ltd.
Shanghai, China

ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)

Lecture Notes in Computer Science
ISBN 978-3-031-45672-5 ISBN 978-3-031-45673-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45673-2

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license
to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now
known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors
or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Paper in this product is recyclable.

 Preface

The 14th International Workshop on Machine Learning in Medical Imaging (MLMI

2023) was held in Vancouver, Canada, on October 8, 2023, in conjunction with the
26th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted
Intervention (MICCAI 2023).
As artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) continue to significantly
influence both academia and industry, MLMI 2023 aims to facilitate new cutting-edge
techniques and their applications in the medical imaging field, including, but not limited
to medical image reconstruction, medical image registration, medical image segmen-
tation, computer-aided detection and diagnosis, image fusion, image-guided interven-
tion, image retrieval, etc. MLMI 2023 focused on major trends and challenges in this
area and facilitated translating medical imaging research into clinical practice. Topics
of interests included deep learning, generative adversarial learning, ensemble learn-
ing, transfer learning, multi-task learning, manifold learning, and reinforcement learn-
ing, along with their applications to medical image analysis, computer-aided diagnosis,
multi-modality fusion, image reconstruction, image retrieval, cellular image analysis,
molecular imaging, digital pathology, etc.
The MLMI workshop has attracted original, high-quality submissions on innovative
research work in medical imaging using AI and ML. MLMI 2023 received a large number
of submissions (139 in total). All the submissions underwent a rigorous double-blind
peer-review process, with each paper being reviewed by at least two members of the
Program Committee, composed of 89 experts in the field. Based on the reviewing scores
and critiques, 93 papers were accepted for presentation at the workshop and chosen to
be included in two Springer LNCS volumes, which resulted in an acceptance rate of
66.9%. It was a tough decision and many high-quality papers had to be rejected due to
the page limitation.
We are grateful to all Program Committee members for reviewing the submissions
and giving constructive comments. We also thank all the authors for making the workshop
very fruitful and successful.

October 2023 Xiaohuan Cao

Xuanang Xu
Islem Rekik
Zhiming Cui
Xi Ouyang
 Organization

Workshop Organizers

Xiaohuan Cao Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd.,

China
Xuanang Xu Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
Islem Rekik Imperial College London, UK
Zhiming Cui ShanghaiTech University, China
Xi Ouyang Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd.,
China

Steering Committee

Dinggang Shen ShanghaiTech University, China/Shanghai United

Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd., China
Pingkun Yan Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
Kenji Suzuki Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Fei Wang Visa Research, USA

Program Committee

Reza Azad RWTH Aachen University, Germany

Ulas Bagci Northwestern University, USA
Xiaohuan Cao Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence, China
Heang-Ping Chan University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
Jiale Cheng South China University of Technology, China
Cong Cong University of New South Wales, Australia
Zhiming Cui ShanghaiTech University, China
Haixing Dai University of Georgia, USA
Yulong Dou ShanghaiTech University, China
Yuqi Fang University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Yuyan Ge Xi’an Jiaotong University, China
Hao Guan University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Hengtao Guo Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
Yu Guo Tianjin University, China
Minghao Han Fudan University, China
viii Organization

Shijie Huang ShanghaiTech University, China

Yongsong Huang Tohoku University, Japan
Jiayu Huo King’s College London, UK
Xi Jia University of Birmingham, UK
Caiwen Jiang ShanghaiTech University, China
Xi Jiang University of Electronic Science and Technology
of China, China
Yanyun Jiang Shandong Normal University, China
Ze Jin Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Nathan Lampen Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
Junghwan Lee Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
Gang Li University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Yunxiang Li UT Southwestern Medical Center, USA
Yuxuan Liang Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
Mingquan Lin Weill Cornell Medicine, USA
Jiameng Liu ShanghaiTech University, China
Mingxia Liu University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Muran Liu ShanghaiTech University, China
Siyuan Liu Dalian Maritime University, China
Tao Liu Fudan University, China
Xiaoming Liu United Imaging Research Institute of Intelligent
Imaging, China
Yang Liu King’s College London, UK
Yuxiao Liu ShanghaiTech University, China
Zhentao Liu ShanghaiTech University, China
Lei Ma ShanghaiTech University, China
Diego Machado Reyes Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
Runqi Meng ShanghaiTech University, China
Janne Nappi Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
Mohammadreza Negahdar Genentech, USA
Chuang Niu Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
Xi Ouyang Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence, China
Caner Ozer Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Huazheng Pan East China Normal University, China
Yongsheng Pan ShanghaiTech University, China
Linkai Peng Southern University of Science and Technology,
China
Saed Rezayi University of Georgia, USA
Hongming Shan Fudan University, China
Siyu Cheng ShanghaiTech University, China
Xinrui Song Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
Yue Sun University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
 Organization ix

Minhui Tan Southern Medical University, China

Wenzheng Tao University of Utah, USA
Maryam Toloubidokhti Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
Bin Wang Northwestern University, USA
Haoshen Wang ShanghaiTech University, China
Linwei Wang Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
Qianqian Wang Liaocheng University, China
Sheng Wang Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Xingyue Wang ShanghaiTech University, China
Jie Wei Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
Han Wu ShanghaiTech University, China
Mengqi Wu University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Qingxia Wu United Imaging Research Institute of Intelligent
Imaging, China
Chenfan Xu Shanghai University, China
Xuanang Xu Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
Kai Xuan Nanjing University of Information Science and
Technology, China
Junwei Yang University of Cambridge, UK
Xin Yang Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
Yuqiao Yang Tokyo Institution of Technology, Japan
Linlin Yao Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Xin You Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Qinji Yu Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Renping Yu Zhengzhou University, China
Jiadong Zhang ShanghaiTech University, China
Lintao Zhang University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Shaoteng Zhang Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
Xiao Zhang Northwest University, China
Xukun Zhang Fudan University, China
Yi Zhang Sichuan University, China
Yuanwang Zhang ShanghaiTech University, China
Zheyuan Zhang Northwestern University, USA
Chongyue Zhao University of Pittsburgh, USA
Yue Zhao Chongqing University of Posts and
Telecommunications, China
Yushan Zheng Beihang University, China
Zixu Zhuang Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
 Contents – Part I

Structural MRI Harmonization via Disentangled Latent Energy-Based

Style Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Mengqi Wu, Lintao Zhang, Pew-Thian Yap, Weili Lin, Hongtu Zhu,
and Mingxia Liu

Cross-Domain Iterative Network for Simultaneous Denoising,

Limited-Angle Reconstruction, and Attenuation Correction of Cardiac
SPECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Xiongchao Chen, Bo Zhou, Huidong Xie, Xueqi Guo, Qiong Liu,
Albert J. Sinusas, and Chi Liu

Arbitrary Reduction of MRI Inter-slice Spacing Using Hierarchical

Feature Conditional Diffusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Xin Wang, Zhenrong Shen, Zhiyun Song, Sheng Wang, Mengjun Liu,
Lichi Zhang, Kai Xuan, and Qian Wang

Reconstruction of 3D Fetal Brain MRI from 2D Cross-Sectional

Acquisitions Using Unsupervised Learning Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Yimeng Yang, Dongdong Gu, Xukun Zhang, Zhongxiang Ding, Fei Gao,
Zhong Xue, and Dinggang Shen

Robust Unsupervised Super-Resolution of Infant MRI via Dual-Modal

Deep Image Prior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Cheng Che Tsai, Xiaoyang Chen, Sahar Ahmad, and Pew-Thian Yap

SR4ZCT: Self-supervised Through-Plane Resolution Enhancement for CT

Images with Arbitrary Resolution and Overlap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Jiayang Shi, Daniël M. Pelt, and K. Joost Batenburg

unORANIC: Unsupervised Orthogonalization of Anatomy

and Image-Characteristic Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Sebastian Doerrich, Francesco Di Salvo, and Christian Ledig

An Investigation of Different Deep Learning Pipelines for GABA-Edited

MRS Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Rodrigo Berto, Hanna Bugler, Roberto Souza, and Ashley Harris
xii Contents – Part I

Towards Abdominal 3-D Scene Rendering from Laparoscopy Surgical

Videos Using NeRFs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Khoa Tuan Nguyen, Francesca Tozzi, Nikdokht Rashidian,
Wouter Willaert, Joris Vankerschaver, and Wesley De Neve

Brain MRI to PET Synthesis and Amyloid Estimation in Alzheimer’s

Disease via 3D Multimodal Contrastive GAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Yan Jin, Jonathan DuBois, Chongyue Zhao, Liang Zhan,
Audrey Gabelle, Neda Jahanshad, Paul M. Thompson, Arie Gafson,
and Shibeshih Belachew

Accelerated MRI Reconstruction via Dynamic Deformable Alignment

Based Transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Wafa Alghallabi, Akshay Dudhane, Waqas Zamir, Salman Khan,
and Fahad Shahbaz Khan

Deformable Cross-Attention Transformer for Medical Image Registration . . . . . 115

Junyu Chen, Yihao Liu, Yufan He, and Yong Du

Deformable Medical Image Registration Under Distribution Shifts

with Neural Instance Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Tony C. W. Mok, Zi Li, Yingda Xia, Jiawen Yao, Ling Zhang,
Jingren Zhou, and Le Lu

Implicitly Solved Regularization for Learning-Based Image Registration . . . . . . 137

Jan Ehrhardt and Heinz Handels

BHSD: A 3D Multi-class Brain Hemorrhage Segmentation Dataset . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Biao Wu, Yutong Xie, Zeyu Zhang, Jinchao Ge, Kaspar Yaxley,
Suzan Bahadir, Qi Wu, Yifan Liu, and Minh-Son To

Contrastive Learning-Based Breast Tumor Segmentation in DCE-MRI . . . . . . . . 157

Shanshan Guo, Jiadong Zhang, Dongdong Gu, Fei Gao, Yiqiang Zhan,
Zhong Xue, and Dinggang Shen

FFPN: Fourier Feature Pyramid Network for Ultrasound Image

Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Chaoyu Chen, Xin Yang, Rusi Chen, Junxuan Yu, Liwei Du, Jian Wang,
Xindi Hu, Yan Cao, Yingying Liu, and Dong Ni

Mammo-SAM: Adapting Foundation Segment Anything Model

for Automatic Breast Mass Segmentation in Whole Mammograms . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Xinyu Xiong, Churan Wang, Wenxue Li, and Guanbin Li
 Contents – Part I xiii

Consistent and Accurate Segmentation for Serial Infant Brain MR Images

with Registration Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Yuhang Sun, Jiameng Liu, Feihong Liu, Kaicong Sun, Han Zhang,
Feng Shi, Qianjin Feng, and Dinggang Shen

Unifying and Personalizing Weakly-Supervised Federated Medical Image

Segmentation via Adaptive Representation and Aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Li Lin, Jiewei Wu, Yixiang Liu, Kenneth K. Y. Wong, and Xiaoying Tang

Unlocking Fine-Grained Details with Wavelet-Based High-Frequency

Enhancement in Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Reza Azad, Amirhossein Kazerouni, Alaa Sulaiman, Afshin Bozorgpour,
Ehsan Khodapanah Aghdam, Abin Jose, and Dorit Merhof

Prostate Segmentation Using Multiparametric and Multiplanar Magnetic

Resonance Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Kuruparan Shanmugalingam, Arcot Sowmya, Daniel Moses,
and Erik Meijering

SPPNet: A Single-Point Prompt Network for Nuclei Image Segmentation . . . . . 227

Qing Xu, Wenwei Kuang, Zeyu Zhang, Xueyao Bao, Haoran Chen,
and Wenting Duan

Automated Coarse-to-Fine Segmentation of Thoracic Duct Using

Anatomy Priors and Topology-Guided Curved Planar Reformation . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Puyang Wang, Panwen Hu, Jiali Liu, Hang Yu, Xianghua Ye,
Jinliang Zhang, Hui Li, Li Yang, Le Lu, Dakai Jin,
and Feng-Ming (Spring) Kong

Leveraging Self-attention Mechanism in Vision Transformers

for Unsupervised Segmentation of Optical Coherence Microscopy White
Matter Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Mohamad Hawchar and Joël Lefebvre

PE-MED: Prompt Enhancement for Interactive Medical Image

Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Ao Chang, Xing Tao, Xin Yang, Yuhao Huang, Xinrui Zhou,
Jiajun Zeng, Ruobing Huang, and Dong Ni

A Super Token Vision Transformer and CNN Parallel Branch Network

for mCNV Lesion Segmentation in OCT Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Xiang Dong, Hai Xie, Yunlong Sun, Zhenquan Wu, Bao Yang,
Junlong Qu, Guoming Zhang, and Baiying Lei
xiv Contents – Part I

Boundary-RL: Reinforcement Learning for Weakly-Supervised Prostate

Segmentation in TRUS Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Weixi Yi, Vasilis Stavrinides, Zachary M. C. Baum, Qianye Yang,
Dean C. Barratt, Matthew J. Clarkson, Yipeng Hu, and Shaheer U. Saeed

A Domain-Free Semi-supervised Method for Myocardium Segmentation

in 2D Echocardiography Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Wenming Song, Xing An, Ting Liu, Yanbo Liu, Lei Yu, Jian Wang,
Yuxiao Zhang, Lei Li, Longfei Cong, and Lei Zhu

Self-training with Domain-Mixed Data for Few-Shot Domain Adaptation

in Medical Image Segmentation Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Yongze Wang, Maurice Pagnucco, and Yang Song

Bridging the Task Barriers: Online Knowledge Distillation Across Tasks

for Semi-supervised Mediastinal Segmentation in CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Muhammad F. A. Chaudhary, Seyed Soheil Hosseini, R. Graham Barr,
Joseph M. Reinhardt, Eric A. Hoffman, and Sarah E. Gerard

RelationalUNet for Image Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

Ivaxi Sheth, Pedro H. M. Braga, Shivakanth Sujit, Sahar Dastani,
and Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

Interpretability-Guided Data Augmentation for Robust Segmentation

in Multi-centre Colonoscopy Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Valentina Corbetta, Regina Beets-Tan, and Wilson Silva

Improving Automated Prostate Cancer Detection and Classification

Accuracy with Multi-scale Cancer Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Cynthia Xinran Li, Indrani Bhattacharya, Sulaiman Vesal,
Sara Saunders, Simon John Christoph Soerensen, Richard E. Fan,
Geoffrey A. Sonn, and Mirabela Rusu

Skin Lesion Segmentation Improved by Transformer-Based Networks

with Inter-scale Dependency Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Sania Eskandari, Janet Lumpp, and Luis Sanchez Giraldo

MagNET: Modality-Agnostic Network for Brain Tumor Segmentation

and Characterization with Missing Modalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Aishik Konwer, Chao Chen, and Prateek Prasanna

Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Medical Images Using Masked

Diffusion Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Hasan Iqbal, Umar Khalid, Chen Chen, and Jing Hua
 Contents – Part I xv

IA-GCN: Interpretable Attention Based Graph Convolutional Network

for Disease Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Anees Kazi, Soroush Farghadani, Iman Aganj, and Nassir Navab

Multi-modal Adapter for Medical Vision-and-Language Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Zheng Yu, Yanyuan Qiao, Yutong Xie, and Qi Wu

Vector Quantized Multi-modal Guidance for Alzheimer’s Disease

Diagnosis Based on Feature Imputation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Yuanwang Zhang, Kaicong Sun, Yuxiao Liu, Zaixin Ou,
and Dinggang Shen

Finding-Aware Anatomical Tokens for Chest X-Ray Automated Reporting . . . . 413

Francesco Dalla Serra, Chaoyang Wang, Fani Deligianni,
Jeffrey Dalton, and Alison Q. O’Neil

Dual-Stream Model with Brain Metrics and Images for MRI-Based Fetal
Brain Age Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Shengxian Chen, Xin Zhang, Ruiyan Fang, Wenhao Zhang, He Zhang,
Chaoxiang Yang, and Gang Li

PECon: Contrastive Pretraining to Enhance Feature Alignment Between

CT and EHR Data for Improved Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
Santosh Sanjeev, Salwa K. Al Khatib, Mai A. Shaaban,
Ibrahim Almakky, Vijay Ram Papineni, and Mohammad Yaqub

Exploring the Transfer Learning Capabilities of CLIP in Domain

Generalization for Diabetic Retinopathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Sanoojan Baliah, Fadillah A. Maani, Santosh Sanjeev,
and Muhammad Haris Khan

More from Less: Self-supervised Knowledge Distillation for Routine

Histopathology Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
Lucas Farndale, Robert Insall, and Ke Yuan

Tailoring Large Language Models to Radiology: A Preliminary Approach

to LLM Adaptation for a Highly Specialized Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
Zhengliang Liu, Aoxiao Zhong, Yiwei Li, Longtao Yang, Chao Ju,
Zihao Wu, Chong Ma, Peng Shu, Cheng Chen, Sekeun Kim,
Haixing Dai, Lin Zhao, Dajiang Zhu, Jun Liu, Wei Liu, Dinggang Shen,
Quanzheng Li, Tianming Liu, and Xiang Li

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

 Contents – Part II

GEMTrans: A General, Echocardiography-Based, Multi-level Transformer

Framework for Cardiovascular Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Masoud Mokhtari, Neda Ahmadi, Teresa S. M. Tsang,
Purang Abolmaesumi, and Renjie Liao

Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Medical Images

with a Memory-Augmented Multi-level Cross-Attentional Masked
Autoencoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Yu Tian, Guansong Pang, Yuyuan Liu, Chong Wang, Yuanhong Chen,
Fengbei Liu, Rajvinder Singh, Johan W. Verjans, Mengyu Wang,
and Gustavo Carneiro

LMT: Longitudinal Mixing Training, a Framework to Predict Disease

Progression from a Single Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Rachid Zeghlache, Pierre-Henri Conze, Mostafa El Habib Daho,
Yihao Li, Hugo Le Boité, Ramin Tadayoni, Pascal Massin,
Béatrice Cochener, Ikram Brahim, Gwenolé Quellec,
and Mathieu Lamard

Identifying Alzheimer’s Disease-Induced Topology Alterations

in Structural Networks Using Convolutional Neural Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Feihong Liu, Yongsheng Pan, Junwei Yang, Fang Xie, Xiaowei He,
Han Zhang, Feng Shi, Jun Feng, Qihao Guo, and Dinggang Shen

Specificity-Aware Federated Graph Learning for Brain Disorder Analysis

with Functional MRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Junhao Zhang, Xiaochuan Wang, Qianqian Wang, Lishan Qiao,
and Mingxia Liu

3D Transformer Based on Deformable Patch Location for Differential

Diagnosis Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia . . . . . . . 53
Huy-Dung Nguyen, Michaël Clément, Boris Mansencal,
and Pierrick Coupé

Consisaug: A Consistency-Based Augmentation for Polyp Detection

in Endoscopy Image Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Ziyu Zhou, Wenyuan Shen, and Chang Liu
xviii Contents – Part II

Cross-view Contrastive Mutual Learning Across Masked Autoencoders

for Mammography Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Qingxia Wu, Hongna Tan, Zhi Qiao, Pei Dong, Dinggang Shen,
Meiyun Wang, and Zhong Xue

Modeling Life-Span Brain Age from Large-Scale Dataset Based

on Multi-level Information Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Nan Zhao, Yongsheng Pan, Kaicong Sun, Yuning Gu, Mianxin Liu,
Zhong Xue, Han Zhang, Qing Yang, Fei Gao, Feng Shi,
and Dinggang Shen

Boundary-Constrained Graph Network for Tooth Segmentation on 3D

Dental Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Yuwen Tan and Xiang Xiang

FAST-Net: A Coarse-to-fine Pyramid Network for Face-Skull

Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Lei Zhao, Lei Ma, Zhiming Cui, Jie Zheng, Zhong Xue, Feng Shi,
and Dinggang Shen

Mixing Histopathology Prototypes into Robust Slide-Level

Representations for Cancer Subtyping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Joshua Butke, Noriaki Hashimoto, Ichiro Takeuchi, Hiroaki Miyoshi,
Koichi Ohshima, and Jun Sakuma

Consistency Loss for Improved Colonoscopy Landmark Detection

with Vision Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Aniruddha Tamhane, Daniel Dobkin, Ore Shtalrid, Moshe Bouhnik,
Erez Posner, and Tse’ela Mida

Radiomics Boosts Deep Learning Model for IPMN Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Lanhong Yao, Zheyuan Zhang, Ugur Demir, Elif Keles,
Camila Vendrami, Emil Agarunov, Candice Bolan, Ivo Schoots,
Marc Bruno, Rajesh Keswani, Frank Miller, Tamas Gonda,
Cemal Yazici, Temel Tirkes, Michael Wallace, Concetto Spampinato,
and Ulas Bagci

Class-Balanced Deep Learning with Adaptive Vector Scaling Loss

for Dementia Stage Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Boning Tong, Zhuoping Zhou, Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh, Bojian Hou,
Andrew J. Saykin, Jason Moore, Marylyn Ritchie, and Li Shen
 Contents – Part II xix

Enhancing Anomaly Detection in Melanoma Diagnosis Through

Self-Supervised Training and Lesion Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Jules Collenne, Rabah Iguernaissi, Séverine Dubuisson,
and Djamal Merad

DynBrainGNN: Towards Spatio-Temporal Interpretable Graph Neural

Network Based on Dynamic Brain Connectome for Psychiatric Diagnosis . . . . . 164
Kaizhong Zheng, Bin Ma, and Badong Chen

Precise Localization Within the GI Tract by Combining Classification

of CNNs and Time-Series Analysis of HMMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Julia Werner, Christoph Gerum, Moritz Reiber, Jörg Nick,
and Oliver Bringmann

Towards Unified Modality Understanding for Alzheimer’s Disease

Diagnosis Using Incomplete Multi-modality Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Kangfu Han, Fenqiang Zhao, Dajiang Zhu, Tianming Liu, Feng Yang,
and Gang Li

COVID-19 Diagnosis Based on Swin Transformer Model

with Demographic Information Fusion and Enhanced Multi-head
Attention Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Yunlong Sun, Yiyao Liu, Junlong Qu, Xiang Dong, Xuegang Song,
and Baiying Lei

MoViT: Memorizing Vision Transformers for Medical Image Analysis . . . . . . . . 205

Yiqing Shen, Pengfei Guo, Jingpu Wu, Qianqi Huang, Nhat Le,
Jinyuan Zhou, Shanshan Jiang, and Mathias Unberath

Fact-Checking of AI-Generated Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Razi Mahmood, Ge Wang, Mannudeep Kalra, and Pingkun Yan

Is Visual Explanation with Grad-CAM More Reliable for Deeper Neural

Networks? A Case Study with Automatic Pneumothorax Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Zirui Qiu, Hassan Rivaz, and Yiming Xiao

Group Distributionally Robust Knowledge Distillation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Konstantinos Vilouras, Xiao Liu, Pedro Sanchez, Alison Q. O’Neil,
and Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

A Bone Lesion Identification Network (BLIN) in CT Images with Weakly

Supervised Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Kehao Deng, Bin Wang, Shanshan Ma, Zhong Xue, and Xiaohuan Cao
xx Contents – Part II

Post-Deployment Adaptation with Access to Source Data via Federated

Learning and Source-Target Remote Gradient Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Felix Wagner, Zeju Li, Pramit Saha, and Konstantinos Kamnitsas

Data-Driven Classification of Fatty Liver From 3D Unenhanced

Abdominal CT Scans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Jacob S. Leiby, Matthew E. Lee, Eun Kyung Choe, and Dokyoon Kim

Replica-Based Federated Learning with Heterogeneous Architectures

for Graph Super-Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Ramona Ghilea and Islem Rekik

A Multitask Deep Learning Model for Voxel-Level Brain Age Estimation . . . . . 283
Neha Gianchandani, Johanna Ospel, Ethan MacDonald,
and Roberto Souza

Deep Nearest Neighbors for Anomaly Detection in Chest X-Rays . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Xixi Liu, Jennifer Alvén, Ida Häggström, and Christopher Zach

CCMix: Curriculum of Class-Wise Mixup for Long-Tailed Medical Image

Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Sirui Li, Fuheng Zhang, Tianyunxi Wei, Li Lin, Yijin Huang,
Pujin Cheng, and Xiaoying Tang

MEDKD: Enhancing Medical Image Classification with Multiple Expert

Decoupled Knowledge Distillation for Long-Tail Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Fuheng Zhang, Sirui Li, Tianyunxi Wei, Li Lin, Yijin Huang,
Pujin Cheng, and Xiaoying Tang

Leveraging Ellipsoid Bounding Shapes and Fast R-CNN for Enlarged

Perivascular Spaces Detection and Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Mariam Zabihi, Chayanin Tangwiriyasakul, Silvia Ingala,
Luigi Lorenzini, Robin Camarasa, Frederik Barkhof,
Marleen de Bruijne, M. Jorge Cardoso, and Carole H. Sudre

Non-uniform Sampling-Based Breast Cancer Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Santiago Posso Murillo, Oscar Skean, and Luis G. Sanchez Giraldo

A Scaled Denoising Attention-Based Transformer for Breast Cancer

Detection and Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Masum Shah Junayed and Sheida Nabavi

Distilling Local Texture Features for Colorectal Tissue Classification

in Low Data Regimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Dmitry Demidov, Roba Al Majzoub, Amandeep Kumar, and Fahad Khan
 Contents – Part II xxi

Delving into Ipsilateral Mammogram Assessment Under Multi-view

Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Toan T. N. Truong, Huy T. Nguyen, Thinh B. Lam, Duy V. M. Nguyen,
and Phuc H. Nguyen

ARHNet: Adaptive Region Harmonization for Lesion-Aware

Augmentation to Improve Segmentation Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Jiayu Huo, Yang Liu, Xi Ouyang, Alejandro Granados,
Sébastien Ourselin, and Rachel Sparks

Normative Aging for an Individual’s Full Brain MRI Using Style GANs
to Detect Localized Neurodegeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Shruti P. Gadewar, Alyssa H. Zhu, Sunanda Somu, Abhinaav Ramesh,
Iyad Ba Gari, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Paul M. Thompson,
Talia M. Nir, and Neda Jahanshad

Deep Bayesian Quantization for Supervised Neuroimage Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

Erkun Yang, Cheng Deng, and Mingxia Liu

Triplet Learning for Chest X-Ray Image Search in Automated COVID-19

Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Linmin Wang, Qianqian Wang, Xiaochuan Wang, Yunling Ma,
Lishan Qiao, and Mingxia Liu

Cascaded Cross-Attention Networks for Data-Efficient Whole-Slide

Image Classification Using Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Firas Khader, Jakob Nikolas Kather, Tianyu Han, Sven Nebelung,
Christiane Kuhl, Johannes Stegmaier, and Daniel Truhn

Enhanced Diagnostic Fidelity in Pathology Whole Slide Image

Compression via Deep Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Maximilian Fischer, Peter Neher, Peter Schüffler, Shuhan Xiao,
Silvia Dias Almeida, Constantin Ulrich, Alexander Muckenhuber,
Rickmer Braren, Michael Götz, Jens Kleesiek, Marco Nolden,
and Klaus Maier-Hein

RoFormer for Position Aware Multiple Instance Learning in Whole Slide

Image Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Etienne Pochet, Rami Maroun, and Roger Trullo

Structural Cycle GAN for Virtual Immunohistochemistry Staining

of Gland Markers in the Colon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Shikha Dubey, Tushar Kataria, Beatrice Knudsen,
and Shireen Y. Elhabian
xxii Contents – Part II

NCIS: Deep Color Gradient Maps Regression and Three-Class Pixel

Classification for Enhanced Neuronal Cell Instance Segmentation
in Nissl-Stained Histological Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Valentina Vadori, Antonella Peruffo, Jean-Marie Graïc, Livio Finos,
Livio Corain, and Enrico Grisan

Regionalized Infant Brain Cortical Development Based on Multi-view,

High-Level fMRI Fingerprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Tianli Tao, Jiawei Huang, Feihong Liu, Mianxin Liu, Lianghu Guo,
Xinyi Cai, Zhuoyang Gu, Haifeng Tang, Rui Zhou, Siyan Han,
Lixuan Zhu, Qing Yang, Dinggang Shen, and Han Zhang

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477