Change Management

Organizational Change
Organizational change can be defined as the movement of an
organization away from its present state and toward some
desired future state to increase its efficiency and
effectiveness.
Forces for Change
●
Nature of the workforce
●
Technology
●
Competition
●
Customers
●
Mergers and acquisitions
●
International expansion
●
Political factors
●
Economic factors
Types of Change
First order change Second order change

●
Evolutionary in nature ●
Revolutionary in nature
-gradual, incremental
- rapid and dramatic
●
Narrow focus
●
Broad focus
●
Constant attempt to improve,
adapt and adjust strategy
●
Bold attempts to quickly find
or structure ways to be effective
 Planned Change
Activities that are intentional and goal oriented and that
help an organization to
– Improve its ability to adapt to changes in its
environment.
– Change the behavior of individuals and groups in the
organization.

Change Agents
Persons who act as catalysts and assume the
responsibility for managing change activities.
Sources of Individual Resistance to
Change
Sources of Organizational Resistance to
Change
Minimizing Resistance to Change

Communication

Coercion Training
Minimising
Resistance
to Change Employee
Negotiation
Involvement

Stress
Management
 Lewin’s
Lewin’s Three-Step
Three-Step Change
Change Model
Model

Change is a three-stage process

Stage 1 - Unfreezing the old behavior/ situation
Stage 2 - Moving to a new level of behaviors
Stage 3 - Refreezing the behavior at the new level

KURT LEWIN
Force
Force Field
Field Analysis
Analysis

Desired Restraining
Forces
Conditions

Restraining Driving
Forces
Forces
Restraining
Forces
Current Driving
Conditions Forces
Driving
Forces

Before During After

Change Change Change
Lewin’s
Lewin’s Three-Step
Three-Step Change
Change Model
Model

Unfreezing Refreezing
Change efforts to Stabilizing a change
overcome the pressures of intervention by balancing
both individual resistance driving and restraining
and group conformity. forces.

Driving Forces Restraining Forces

Forces that direct Forces that hinder
behavior away from the movement from the
status quo. existing equilibrium.
 Steps in the Change Management
Process

Decide on the
change to make Implement the
Assess the need
change
for change
Decide what the Evaluate the change
organization's ideal Decide the type of
Recognize that there future state would be change Compare performance
is a problem
before and after
Identify obstacles Introduce and change initiative
Identify the source to change
of problem manage change