Laboratory Exercise No.

7 and 8
CLOSED AZIMUTH TRAVERSE SURVEY WITH SIDESHOTS

Time of Day and Date: December 21, 2023

Weather Condition: Cloudy Day
List of Equipment:
o Engineer’s Transit or Total Station, Measuring Tape, Plumb Bob, Prism, Range Pole,
Pegs or Hubs
Objective/s:
o To run a closed traverse and sideshots by measuring azimuth angles.
Procedure and Computation:
1. Establish the traverse stations A, B, C, and D of the assigned traverse.
2. Set up and level the instrument at the first traverse station (A).
3. Orient the instrument with the magnetic meridian by setting the horizontal circle to
read zero degrees.
4. Determine the magnetic azimuth of lines AD, AB, and sideshot to Corner 1 of the lot.
5. Using measuring tape measure the length of line AB.
6. Transfer the instrument to the next traverse station (B) then, set up and level the
instrument.
7. Invert the telescope and backsight on the previous traverse station (A), with the
circles still clamped together at the azimuth reading of the line just observed (AB).
8. Clamp the lower motion, plunge the telescope back to normal position, loosen the
upper clamp, and sight exactly on the next traverse station (C) and Corner 2 of the
lot.
9. Transfer the instrument to the next traverse station (C) and repeat a similar
procedure as outlined above and sight exactly on the next traverse station (D) and
Corner 3 of the lot.
10. Transfer the instrument to the next traverse station (D) and repeat a similar
procedure as outlined above and sight exactly on traverse station (A) and Corner 4
of the closed the traverse (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Closed Traverse with Sideshots

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Tabulation:
Table 1. Observed Azimuth and Distance
Station Occupied Station Observed Azimuth Distance
D 145˚ 25’ 11" 24.768m.
A B 42˚ 43’ 47" 26.044m.
Corner 1 27˚ 17’ 55" 7.562m.
A 222˚ 43’ 06" 26.050m.
B C 151˚ 05’ 03" 23.844m.
Corner 2 192˚ 51’ 37" 8.658m.
B 331˚ 00’ 14" 23.839m.
C D 218˚ 06’ 31" 22.781m.
Corner 3 226˚ 28’ 00" 9.781m.
C 38˚ 07’ 15" 22.771m.
A 322˚ 21’ 16" 24.768m.
Corner 4 316˚ 07’ 39" 9.662m.

Table 2. Computed Latitude and Departure

Station Station
Azimuth Distance Latitude Departure
Occupied Observed
A B 42˚ 43’ 47" 26.044 m 19.131 m 17.672 m
B C 151˚ 05’ 03" 23.844 m -20.871 m 11.529 m
C D 218˚ 06’ 31" 22.781m -17.925 m -14.059 m
D A 322˚ 21’ 16" 24.768m 19.611 m -15.128 m
∑lat = -0.054
SUMS ∑d = 97.437m ∑dep = 0.014 m
m

Computation for Latitude and Departure:

Lat = d cos α Equation 1

Dep = d sin α Equation 2

LatAB = 26.044 m cos (42˚43’47”) = +19.131 DepAB = 26.044 m sin (42˚43’47”) = +17.672 m

LatBC = 23.844 m cos (151˚05’03”) = -20.871 DepBC = 23.844 m sin(151˚05’03”) = +11.529

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 LatCD = 22.781 m cos (218˚06’31”) = -17.925 DepCD = 22.781 m sin (218˚06’31”) = -14.059

LatDA = 24.768 m cos (322˚21’16”) = +19.611 DepDA = 24.768 m sin (322˚21'16”) = -15.128

∑Distance = 26.044m + 23.844m + 22.781m + 24.7768m = 97. 437m

∑Latitude = 19.131 + (-20.971) + (-17.925) + 19.611 = -0.054
∑Departure = 17.672 + 11.529 +(-14.059) + (-15.128) = 0.014

Table 3. Adjusted Latitude and Departure of the Closed Traverse

Station Station Adjusted Adjusted

Correction
Occupied Observed Latitude Departure
Lat Dep +N -S +E -W

A B -0.014 0.004 19.145 m 17.668 m

B C -0.013 0.003 -20.858 m 11.526 m

C D -0.013 0.003 -17.912 m -14.062

m
D A -0.014 0.004 19.625 m -15.132 m

SUMS ∑NS = 0 m ∑EW = 0 m

Computation for Total Closure of Correction (Latitude and Departure):

cl = (d/D) CL Equation 3

cd = (d/D) CD Equation 4

Correction for Latitude: Correction for Departure:

ClAB = (d/D) CL CdAB = (d/D) CD

= (26.044 m/ 97.44m) (-0.054 m) = (26.044 m/ 97.44m) (0.014 m)

= -0.014 m = 0.004 m

ClBC = (d/D) CL CdBC = (d/D) CD

= (23.844 m/ 97.44m) (-0.054 m) = (23.844 m/ 97.44m) (0.014 m)

= -0.013 m = 0.003 m

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ClCD = (d/D) CL CdCD = (d/D) CD

= (22.781 m/ 97.44m) (-0.054 m) = (22.781 m/ 97.44m) (0.014 m)

= -0.013 m = 0.003 m

ClDA = (d/D) CL CdDA = (d/D) CD

= (24.768 m/ 97.44m) (-0.054 m) = (24.768 m/ 97.44m) (0.014 m)

= -0.014 m = 0.004 m

Adjusted Latitude Corrected value Adjusted Departure Corrected value:

(∑NL > ∑SL) (∑ED < ∑WD)

+( (19.131) - (-0.014) = 19.145 m +( (17.672) - (0.004) ) = 17.668 m

-( (20.871) + (-0.013) ) = -20.858 m +( (11.529) - (0.003) ) =11.526 m

-( (17.925) + (-0.013) ) = -17.912 m -((14.059) + (0.003) ) = -14.062 m

+( (19.611) - (-0.014) ) = 19.625 m - ( (15.128) + (0.004) ) = -15.132 m

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 Table 4. Computed Coordinates of each Line

Station Station Adjusted Adjusted

Coordinates
Occupie Observe Latitude Departure
d d
+N -S +E -W Northing Easting
A B 19.145 m 17.668 20019.145 m 20017.668 m
m

B C -20.858 m 11.526 19998.287 m 20029.194 m

m
C D -17.912 m -14.062 19980.375 m 20015.132 m
m
D A 19.625 m -15.132 m 20000 m 20000 m

Computation for Table 4:

Northing Coordinate: Easting Coordinate:

20, 000 m + 19.145 m = 20019.145m 20, 000 m + 17.668 m = 20017.668 m

20019.145 m – 20.858 m = 19998.287 m 20017.668 m + 11.526 m = 20029.194 m

19998.287 m – 17.912 m = 19980. 375 m 20029.194 m – 14.062 m = 20015.132 m

19980.375 m + 19.625 m = 20000 m 20015.132 m – 15.132 m = 20000 m

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 Table 5. Coordinates of each Sideshots Data

Adjusted Adjusted
Station Station Coordinates
Occupied Observed Latitude Departure
+N -S +E -W Northing Easting
A B 20019.145 m 20017.668 m
Corner 1 6.967 6.024 m 20026.112 m 20023.692 m
m
B C 19998.287 m 20029.194 m
Corner 2 -8.158 m 0.999 m 19990.129 m 20030.193 m
C D 19980.375 m 20015.132 m
Corner 3 -6.09 m -3.592 m 19974.285 m 20011.54 m
D A 20000.000 m 20000.000 m
Corner 4 7.281 -3.431 m 20007.281 m 19996.659 m
m

Computation for Table 5: Latitude and Departure of Corners (Sideshots)

Lat = d cos α Equation 1

Dep = d sin α Equation 2

Latcor1 = (7.562 m)cos(27˚17’55”)

Latcor1 = 6.720 m Depcor1=(7.562m)sin(27˚17’55”)
Depcor1 = 3.468 m
Latcor2=(8.658m)cos(192˚51’37”)
Latcor2 = -8.441 m Depcor2 = (8.658 m)sin(192˚51’37”)
Depcor2 = -1.927 m
Latcor3 =(9.281 m)cos(226˚28’00”)
Latcor3 = -6.393 m Depcor3 = (9.281 m)sin(226˚28’00”)
Depcor3 = -6.728 m
Latcor4 = (9.662 m)cos(316˚07’39”)
Latcor4 = 6.965 m Depcor4 = (9.662 m)sin(316˚07’39”)
Depcor4 = -6.696 m

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Correction for Latitude and Departure of Corner (Slideshots)
CL = -1.149 m CD = -11.883 m D = 35.163 m

cl = (d/D) CL Equation 3

cd = (d/D) CD Equation 4

Latitude: Departure:

ClCor1= (-1.149)(7.562m/35.163m) CDCor1 = (-11.883)(7.562m/35.163m)

ClCor1= -0.247m. CDCor1 = -2.556m

ClCor2= (-1.149)(8.658m/35.163m) CDCor2 = (-11.883)(8.658m/35.163m.)

ClCor2= -0.283m. CDCor2 = -0.283m

ClCor3= (-1.149)(9.281m/35.163m) CDCor3 = (-11.883)(9.281m/35.163m)

ClCor3= -0.303m CDCor3 = -3.136m.

ClCor3= (-1.149)(9.662m/35.163m) CDCor3 = (-11.883)(9.281m/35.163m)

ClCor3= -0.316m CDCor3 = -0.316m

Adjusted Latitude and Departure

Lat’cor1 = + (6.720 m –(-0.247 m)) Lat’cor4 = 7.281 m

Lat’cor1 = 6.967 m
Dep’cor1 = + (3.468 m –(-2.556 m))
Lat’cor2 = - (8.441 m +(-0.283 m)) Dep’cor1 = 6.024 m
Lat’cor2 = -8.158 m
Dep’co2 = - (1.927 m + (-2.926 m))
Lat’cor3 = - (6.393 m +(-0.303 m)) Dep’cor2 = 0.999 m
Lat’cor3 = -6.09 m
Dep’co3 = - (6.728 m +(-3.136 m))
Lat’cor4 = + (6.965 m –(-0.316 m)) Dep’cor3 = -3.592 m

Dep’co4 = - (6.728 m +(-3.265 m))

Dep’cor4 = -3.431 m

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GE 135 – Fundamentals of Surveying and Mapping
Coordinates of Northings and Eastings
Northings:
Cor1 = 20019.145 m + 6.967 m = 20,026.112 m
Cor2 = 19998.287 m – 8.158 m = 19,990.129 m
Cor3 = 19980.375 m – 6.09 m = 19,974.285 m
Cor4 = 20000.000 m + 7.281 m = 20,007.781 m

Eastings:
Cor1 = 20017.668 m + 6.024 m = 20,023.692 m
Cor2 = 20029.194 m + 0.999 m = 20,030.193 m
Cor3 = 20015.132 m – 3.592 m = 20,011.54 m
Cor4 = 20000.000 m – 3.341 m = 19,996.659 m

Table 6. Computed DMDs and the Double Area

Corner Adjusted DMD Adjusted

Azimuth Distance Double Area
Line Latitude Departure
1-2 42°43'47” 26.044 m 19.145m +17.668 m + 17.668 m 338.254
2-3 151°05'03” 23.844 m -20.858 m + 46.862 m + 11.526 m -977.448
3-4 218°06'31” 22.871 m -17.912 m + 44.326 m - 14.062 m -793.967
4-1 322°07'39” 24.768 m 19.625 m + 15.132 m - 15.132 m 296.966
2A = -1136.195

A = 568.098m2

Table 6.2 Computed DPDs and the Double Area

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GE 135 – Fundamentals of Surveying and Mapping
 Corner Azimuth Distance Adjusted DPD Adjusted Double
Line Latitude Departure Area
1-2 42°43'47” 26.044 m 19.145 m +19.145 17.668 m 338.254 m
m
2-3 151°05'03” 23.844 m -20.858 m +17.432 11.526 m 200.921 m
m
3-4 218°06'31” 22.871 m -17.912 m -21.338 -14.062 m 300.055 m
m
4-1 322°07'39” 24.768 m 19.625 m -19.625 -15.132 m 296.966 m
m
2A=
1136.196
A=
568.098
m2

Computations (Table 6.1)

Double Distance Meridian (DMD)

Corner Line 1 – 2 = + 17.668 m

Corner Line 2 – 3 = 17.668 m + 17.668 m + 11.526 m = 46.862 m
Corner Line 3 – 4 = 46.862 m + 11.526 m – 14.062 m = 44.326 m
Corner Line 4 – 5 = 44.326 m – 14.062 m – 15.132 m = 15.132 m

Double Area
Corner Line 1 – 2 = (17.668 m) (19.145 m) = 338.254 m
Corner Line 2 – 3 = (46.862 m) (-20.858 m) = – 977.448 m
Corner Line 3 – 4 = (44.326 m) (-17.912 m) = – 793.967 m
Corner Line 4 – 5 = (15.132 m) (19.625 m) = 296.966 m

∑ 2A = (338.254 ) + (-977.448) + (-793.967) + (296.966)

= − 1136.195
2A (1/2) = − 1136.195 (1/2)
= 568.098 m2

Converting into Hectares (ha):

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GE 135 – Fundamentals of Surveying and Mapping
 = 568.098 m2 (1h2/10,000 m2) = 0.057 ha
the area is 0.057 ha.

Computations (Table 6.2):

Corner Line 1 – 2 = + 19.145 m

Corner Line 2 – 3 = 19.145 m + 19.145 m – 20.858 m = 17.432 m
Corner Line 3 – 4 = 17.432 m – 20.858 m – 17.912 m = -21.338 m
Corner Line 4 – 5 = -21.338 m – 17.912 m + 19.625 m = -19.625 m

Double Area
Corner Line 1 – 2 = (17.668 m) (19.145 m) = 338.254 m
Corner Line 2 – 3 = (11.526 m) (17.432 m) = 200.921 m

Corner Line 3 – 4 = (-14.062 m) (-21.338 m) = 300.055 m

Corner Line 4 – 5 = (-15.132 m) (-19.625 m) = 296.966 m

∑ 2A = (338.254 ) + (200.921) + (300.055) + (296.966)

= 1136.196
2A(1/2) = 1136.196(1/2)
= 568.098 m2

Converting into Hectares (ha):

568.098 m2 (1 h 2/10,000 m2) = 0.057 ha
the area is 0.057 ha.

Linear Error of Closure:

LEC = √(∑ lat)2 + (∑ dep)2

LEC = √(−0.054)2 + (0.014)2

LEC = 0.056 m

Bearing of the Side Error:

= tan- ( 0 . 0 1 4 / - 0 . 0 5 4 )
= 14° 32’ 4.04’’

Relative Error of Closure:

REC = LEC
D

0.056
REC = 97.44
REC = 1/1740 ≈ 1/2000

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GE 135 – Fundamentals of Surveying and Mapping
LABORATORY REPORT:

Surveying and mapping involve figuring out where points are on the land. Traversing is a way to do this
by measuring angles and distances between points. There are two main types: closed traverses make a loop, and
open traverses don't. Closed traverses are good for wide areas, while open traverses work well for long, narrow
places like roads.

In this laboratory activity, the surveyors wanted to measure angles using tools like a total station. They
set up the instrument, established points A, B, C, and D, aligned with the magnetic direction, and calculated
angles and distances. Any mistakes were fixed, and they figured out the size of the land. This exercise helps
surveyors accurately locate points on land, which is crucial for things like building, mapping, and figuring out
land boundaries. In the field of surveying, computations play a huge role in maintaining accuracy and
dependability when mapping and measuring land. The process involves the calculation of latitudes and
departures, determining the distances between points in different directions. Correcting errors and making
adjustments are important steps in correcting measurement inaccuracies, ensuring the uniformity and reliability
of survey data. These corrections are essential for generating maps and information. Additionally, computing the
area is indispensable, providing insights into the size of a land parcel and facilitating effective planning for
construction projects. These computational steps form the essential framework for a surveying process, laying
the groundwork for precise representations of the landscape.

The goal was to know the size of the land. This exercise helps people who do surveys to find points on
land accurately, which is super important for things like building and making maps. To sum it up, the study
showed how to use a closed traverse (connecting points in a loop) to measure angles and find the area of a piece
of land. This is crucial for mapping and building things, and it's useful in areas like forestry and agriculture. The
main idea is to know exactly where things are on the land for different jobs. This showed how to use a closed
traverse to measure angles and find the area of a field. This is important for mapping and building, and it helps
in many areas. The goal is to accurately know where things are on the land, which is useful for various tasks.

11
GE 135 – Fundamentals of Surveying and Mapping
Group Profile:
Leader: Labadan, Jhon Carlo
Asst. Leader: Baldoza, John Paul
Recorder: Cabañog, Jared
Group Members:
 Delarmente, Ranjee Clint
 Padecio, Jan Angelo

Documentation:

GE 11– Fundamentals of Surveying and Mapping 1

2