Blockchain in Supply Chain Management

19DCE069 – Milan Modh

distributed secure technology. The technology has garnered

Abstract—For the past few years, the market has changed a attention from both academia and industry [4]. Blockchain is
lot and it has become dynamic and demanding which has put a distributed ledger technology that offers the participant a
the market into a competitive environment. The supply chain
secure settlement of transactions and transfers at a very
plays a crucial role to adapt the business to the dynamic
environment as it is very reliant on collaboration integration as nominal cost [5]. Moreover, blockchain is not a new internet
well as flexibility. The applications related to the supply chain infrastructure but it's extremely new in the field of supply
have gotten the attention of many business owners and to chain networks that offer the future of business.
improve the flow control of the supply chain many specialized
1) Definition of blockchain
applications are implemented. One of the most important new
technological applications in the supply chain is blockchain It is known to be a string of encrypted data blocks where
technology which has garnered the attention of many business the blocks have the information that is the data, and the
owners as it can be quickly adapted to dynamic market information is locked so that whoever has the key can access
conditions and in the business environment. One upon reading the information [6]. The chain contains many files linked
this will get to know about the effect of blockchain technology
utilization on this field. The results of the research paper
with one another and each of the files includes information
recommend that companies invest in blockchain technology so such as a timestamp that speaks about when the data is
that the supply chain becomes more transparent, flexible, and created and the historical information about the blocks in the
secure. There is no doubt in the fact that blockchain technology blockchain [7]. All the blocks together are known as the
plays an important role in developing trust with the blockchain.
stakeholder of the supply chain. In the end, the research paper
has also given some considerations on the implications that are 2) Blockchain infrastructure
positive as well as the potential of the blockchain in the field of Blockchain can only be accessed over a computer, laptop,
collaboration and integration. server connected to the internet. All the devices when
connected are known as nodes of the blockchain.
Keywords — Blockchain, Supply Chain Management,
Blockchain is stored by the nodes and permission is given to
Industry 4.0, Smart Contracts, Transparency, Trust,
Traceability, Flexibility. certain users that will be discussed in the study of
blockchain in the supply chain [8]. A ledger is created when
the blockchain is stored across the nodes which are
I. INTRODUCTION recognized as a system where the data is stored and is shared
across various sites, countries, or institutions [6]. Traditional
Most global companies have always faced challenges in
databases are used to contrast the distributed ledger where
supply chain management. The company has always
the digital data is enclosed in a centralized location and in
devoted a lot of resources which leads to various
blockchain, the nodes store identical data.
inefficiencies and to figuring out cost reduction. With the
approach of blockchain technology, companies have thought 3) Adding to the blockchain
of thinking forward. This technology could help in the To add data to the block of the blockchain, it is required
evolution of the supply chain. According to analysts, to send a node out a transition request with the data that is
blockchain technology can enhance the contemporary added to other nodes of the network of the blockchain for
structure of the supply chain by enhancing supply chain the creation of the block [7]. It is necessary to agree to the
efficiency, trust as well as transparency [1]. Moreover, the addition of the new block to the blockchain before the block
future of the supply chain is blockchain solutions according is added to the chain. At the time of the validation of the
to many supply chain leaders. The survey performed by new block, the node mist confirms that the block is correctly
PwC in 2019 has revealed that more than 24% of the formatted and there is no duplicate transaction in the block
industrial manufacturing industry is looking to implement [9]. Once the block is validated, an encrypted block is added
blockchain technology in supply chain management [2]. The to the blockchain and in the blockchain network; it is stored
2020 survey of Deloitte global blockchain reveals that more by the other nodes.
than 55% of the senior executive, as well as practitioners, Due to the encryption nature of the blockchain and
looked up to blockchain as their top priority [3]. distributed ledger format, the data on the blockchain is not
As shown in Fig 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 the industry of the hackable and thus there is a lot of trust and confidence in the
4.0 era, blockchain technology plays a crucial role because data that is stored on the blockchain [10].
of its

.
 Fig. 1. Blockchain Concept [8].

Fig. 2. Blockchain Infrastructure [6].

Fig. 3. Blockchain Process [7].

A. Research Objective
C. Research Motivation
The purpose of the research is to discuss blockchain
technology and how it can help logistic companies. In the field of the supply chain, there are a lot of products
Blockchain technology is a new technology, and most that deliver to the customer that comprises independent
people are not familiar with this innovation however the farms. Because of these reasons, the business fails to
paper has helped the readers to know about the introduction compete as isolated companies, but they are also a part of
of blockchain technology and how it can help in supply the huge supply chain network [11]. Moreover, the
chain management. companies are also encountering uncertainty challenges
because of the globalisation and high expectation of the
B. Research Question customer. There is also a huge market competition and
How can technology help to find a solution to some of the complex supply chain that demands cooperation across the
supply chain challenges? supply chains. Supply chains are fragmented because of
internal competition and limited information exchange.
Apart from this, these constraints also have a huge influence
on business performance and give rise to challenges and
constraints like
high operation costs and capacity storage that can be easily activities related to customers has been discussed. Apart
resolved by blockchain technology [12]. from this, supply chain management also discusses the
management of the entire chain in the study.
D. Research Gap
Blockchain technology offers a lot of benefits but it's not 3) Blockchain-based supply chain
a comprehensive solution in the supply chain management There is uncertainty about the adoption of blockchain,
field. There are many problems with blockchain-based globally as well as logistically [17]. The reason is the
technology and other related technologies. The project must immaturity of blockchain, and it is looking to transform the
realize challenges in the supply change domain and the SC activities by helping enhance as well as accountability.
supply chain system that a blockchain-based system requires According to [18], transparency is a crucial factor in the
various legislative resolutions. Moreover, the present traceability level. However, [19] has come up with 3 types
blockchain platform fails to meet the high level of of transparency in an SC. They are a range of transparency
transaction throughput requirement of the supply chain products, transparency, and participation transparency. Thus
system. The supply chain comprises diverse participants. to implement blockchain-based SCs, it is necessary to
Hence, it is necessary to provide incentives like efficiency analyze the SC transparency factor and to correlate it with
gains to improve liquidity as well as data security so that the the opportunity as well as list perspective analysis so that it
participants are well motivated. Other important issues could help in assessing the mystery gains or losses.
related to blockchain are security and privacy [13]. There To understand blockchain technology in the supply chain,
are concerns with data of the IoT and the present IoT system it is necessary to consider interdisciplinary investigation so
is created on the central model where the IoT devices are that theories can be built and designed for blockchain
figured out, connected as well as validated. Thus it is technology [20]. Moreover, the firms can be benefited from
necessary to think about the transformation for the detection blockchain-based social sustainability and responsibility to
of blockchain technology. extend visibility and assure due diligence. It has been found
that there is a lack of experience in understanding and
knowledge about blockchain technology and there is also a
II. LITERATURE REVIEW labour skill gap with this technology that is required to be
fixed. Moreover, according to [17], blockchain technology
A. Blockchain in Supply Chain Management for technology and business needs to be addressed properly
1) Blockchain Technology definition and its boundaries because there is a lot of expectation from this technology
It has been discussed above that blockchain is a that can lead to the field adoption of this technology in the
distributed ledger database that consists of records or industry.
transactions or various digital incidents that are executed by Blockchain technology can assist in achieving the seven
the participants. Some articles have been published to a objectives of SCM: their cost, quality, speed, dependency,
clarification on blockchain technology and how it works in risk reduction, sustainability as well as flexibility [21].
the recent past [14]. Cryptocurrencies are one of the most [21] has discussed blockchain as a capability to break
popular examples of blockchain technology has been also down data silos and provide one data source in digitization
named Bitcoin. Apart from these cryptocurrencies, there are with the help of real-time data control that is required for all
also human implications of this blockchain such as supply trusted partners in the network. With the help of blockchain
chain, financial services, and manufacturing. This research trust and security can easily be enhanced and apart from
paper has focused on the implementation of blockchain in this, there also exist business values that would help in
supply chain management rather than concluding the building trust with the help of blockchain by improving
technical mechanism of the blockchain technologies [15]. efficiency, reputation, and responsiveness [17]. It can be
The paper has not talked about blockchain technology's key easily concluded that the blockchain has a huge impact on
aspects like the protocols, algorithm, wallet signature and the performance of the supply chain however when it
hash function. comes to operation management, the blockchain provides a
2) Supply chain management definition and its lot of advantages over the existing systems. According to
boundaries [22], enterprise resource planning, radio frequency
identification, and the blockchain are regarded as
The definition of supply chain management is not the
complementary technologies and it is extremely important
same for all others; however, according to [16], supply chain
to analyze their best combination so that we can maximize
management is a process of handling the entire integrative
effect and impact. According to [20], there are four
flow of materials ranging from a raw material supplier to
barriers to blockchain development-enabled SCs are
production warehousing and transportation to the users.
interested-organizational organizational, technical as well as
There are various methods involved in supply chain
external variables. There is no doubt that despite these
management and it is important to identify its boundaries
barriers, blockchain technology is extremely useful as the
[12]. In this research paper, all the supply chain activities
driver of digitization in the SC [20].
ranging from supply to manufacturing, distribution and the
 Fig. 4. Blockchain-based supply chain management [1].

Supply Chain
Flexibility

Blockchain Technology

Supply Chain Transparency Trust in Supplier

Fig. 1. Blockchain Utilization in Supply Chain [22].

4) Blockchain Technology and supply chain delivery timeline [24]. The wide distribution of supply leads
transparency to an increased risk of mismatch conflict and inconsistency
As shown in Fig 4 and 5 the field of the supply chain, related to the old fashion supply chain. To eradicate this
blockchain plays a crucial role in solving two major issues issue, blockchain can play a crucial role and the
based on transparency, traceability, and irreversibility of implementation of GPS-based vehicle tracking can be useful
transaction data. The two major issues of the supply chain by integrating it with blockchain technology. Moreover,
are the difficulty and inadequacy in moving and claiming blockchain technology is also a good option for logistics as
responsibility because of the insufficient information there is the involvement of vehicle Location tracking to
transparency and the inferior product quality that is not easy reduce cost and increase efficiency [17].
to be eliminated because of the multizone and long-term In the field of manufacturing, blockchain technology
offers a lot of potential by assuring security transparency as
characteristics of the logistics [23].
well as stability that has no central data storage Technology
For better tracking and reporting, blockchain plays a
[2]. Blockchain technology can prove to be better than
crucial role it also allows for better transparency in logistics.
traditional
Moreover, the company can be benefited by improving the
centralized solutions by offering promising results in the decision-making throughout the supply chain as the various
organization and economic criteria. documents can be easily provided to all the participants.
5) Blockchain Technology and supply chain flexibility 6) Blockchain technology and trust in the supply chain
The present supply chain functions are in a more complex There is no doubt in the fact that in modern society the
and uncertain business environment than before. Customer trade network has become much more complex and the
expectation is very high because of the product diversity and various forms within the network are forced to interact with
the short Product life cycles. All these domains require companies that they are not well aware of. Thus it is
flexibility in the supply chain and if the supply chain is necessary to develop trust between the firms to call for
flexible then the company and its supply structure are supply chain success and there is a necessity for optimum
required to adapt to the changes in the environment [25]. information success to ensure trust [30]. The supply chain
Flexibility in the supply chain is defined as the ability to stakeholders look to get rid of uncertainty risk by
meet and react to a wide customer base to gain a competitive information sharing. This leads to dealing with ethical
advantage against competitor. There is no doubt in the fact noncompliance, lack of communication, and infidelity. To
that the business has experienced a highly ambitious get rid of the possibility of trust being damaged in the field
situation because of continuous change [26]. The of the supply chain the two things that are required to be
government can make use of flexibility so that it can adapt assessed are connectivity and vulnerability. One of the most
and respond quickly to the massive change of the absence of important steps is the risk assessment process where one
good information. In the supply chain, it is necessary to needs to figure out the supply chain partner [31]. This is
create a flexible one so that the company can achieve a followed by the supply chain map that showcases the
sustainable competitive advantage in the present relevant information flows and how it is created. By
environment that calls for dynamism, uncertainty, and identifying the floors one can predict the potential
unpredictability. Moreover, if there is a flexible supply chain bottleneck as well as studies and attack levels.
then the company can be assured of an improved delivery The information sharing in the supply chain process has
process and the product can be easily transported to the many important factors that drive bloat blockchain
market in the required quantities [27]. Moreover, the technology; development is regarded as the most crucial
improved supply chain can help in handling the challenges factor as demonstrated in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7. In blockchain
of the environment because business transactions are technology, the transactions are identified in a time-stamped
becoming much more volatile and global. and observable manner and then confirmed, there is no point
When an organization can properly respond to and adapt in changing the transaction once the right parties approved
to disruption and demand then it can achieve flexibility the name. Talking about data integrity and security,
across the total supply chain against the competitor to cater blockchain technology is much more secure, traceable,
to the customer need. To achieve flexibility in internal and efficient, and transparent in the field of supply chain
external supply chains, it is necessary to focus on rapid transactions [32]. There is no way of changing the record on
economic and technological development [25]. Companies the blockchain hence the supply chain members' transactions
that have a flexible supply chain will find it easy to respond and decisions are properly recorded and documented on the
faster in situations that are not certain. Moreover, a flexible blockchain technology.
supply change can also enhance the company's ability in As shown in Fig. 8 the supply chain members are well
presenting the product and services clearly and effectively to aware of the transaction accuracy and the activities. If any
the customer and meet their needs [27]. situation arises where it can lead to controversial business
One of the most suitable technologies for achieving results, the members of the supply chain can easily monitor
flexibility is blockchain technology by facilitates tracking the name and take necessary action and adjust the activities
and tracing in the various stages of production. The accordingly at the time of finalizing the future transaction
implementation of blockchain technology in the supply [33].
chain lies at specific contact points [28]. Blockchain A smart contract is another part of the blockchain that
technology will allow the organization to control data creates trust in the supply chain process. The application of
security for all the supplies in transactions. Apart from this it blockchain as well as smart contracts can be implemented in
can also enhance the visibility of the supply chain and offer various areas ranging from insurance returns to financial
real-time data sharing on the network. Therefore, the transactions as well as corporate transactions [33]. Just
blockchain can assist in supply chain flexibility strategies by because of this reason the various numbers of blockchain
meeting the various numbers of stakeholders that are and smart contract applications has increased over time. The
affected due to an outage [29]. The technology can also smart contract feature of the blockchain can be easily
integrate the various supply chain processes and can applied in the supply chain that comprises multiple tiers of
enhance production and management which would result in suppliers as well as subcontractors [34].
a more realistic supply and inventory management. Another Things that can negatively affect the trust between buyer
advantage of using blockchain technology in the supply and supplier are the conflicting goals [17]. With the
chain system is that it can offer the design-related implementation of blockchain, this thing can be easily
documents that are to be shared and used [24]. All these resolved and the negative impact on this conflict can be
factors will help the organization to improve mitigated by enhancing trust in the supply chain.
Fig. 2. Blockchain technology for bridging trust, traceability and transparency in circular supply chain [26].

Fig. 3. Blockchain and Supply Chain Flexibility [29].

Fig. 4. Blockchain and Trust in Suppliers [13].

 B. Current Challenges B. Research Design
The study has pointed to the implementation of To carry out any research, the researcher can use any
blockchain in the field of supply chains. The blockchain is at research method from qualitative data, quantitative data or a
an early stage but the study has predicted to bring revolution mixed-method approach. The qualitative research method
in the supply chain in the future with the implementation of utilizes interpretivist research philosophy as this research
blockchain technology [17]. It has been predicted by design is suitable for research where new insights are
scholars that the implementation of blockchain in supply required to be gained from existing knowledge or the
chain management can bring a lot of positive results [35] phenomenon is not much known [38]. Therefore,
and therefore, they are optimistic about this technology. An considering the nature of the study of blockchain technology
increasing number of papers have now been made on the and its application in supply chain management, the best
blockchain in the field of supply chain management [17]. research method to be used is the qualitative method. An
C. Literature Gap exploratory research approach will be followed as the
In supply chain management, there are very limited research tends to explore the impact of integrating
papers on blockchain technology. [36] has talked about the blockchain in supply chain management [39].
transparency and traceability that blockchain technology can C. Data Collection
bring into supply chain management and [20] has come up There are a couple of keywords that are supply chain and
with a study that has explored the adoption of blockchain. blockchain in the searching process. The research paper has
[21] explored the supply chain management of the tips. This been chosen based on the past seven years and the aim is to
technology has not only attracted the attention of the go for related topics that resemble previous research
managers of the supply chain but there are other publications. Journals such as Google Scholar, Emerald,
technologies such as smart contracts, the internet of things, Science Direct, Research Gate, Taylor and Francis, Elsevier,
and artificial intelligence that could bring a revolution in Wiley Online, etc have been taken into account to research.
supply chain management significantly [37]. However, there Mor than 441 documents were found and out of these, 285
is a shortage of research papers that study the role of and 116 documents have been eliminated because of
integrated technologies in supply chain management along duplication and irrelevant content to the topic respectively.
with blockchain technology. The topic selection process has taken 156 candidate
Moreover, there were very few literature reviews have documents and the grey research paper has only considered
been conducted on blockchain in the field of supply chain 40 selected documents to discuss father. High-quality peer-
management over the past few years [19]. Few papers have reviewed journal articles have been taken into account that
concentrated on certain aspects of the supply chain like establishes communication between the research fellows.
sustainability, provenance, and resilience, while other The reason why the report has also considered conference
literature reviews have explored the topic with a broad papers, consulting reports, and third-party reports is because
comprehensive view. An in-depth analysis of this literature the blockchain is at an early stage and there are only a few
review based on the citation and bibliography can help in published articles on this topic and all these resources that
gaining insights that were not obtained in the previous have been considered would provide updated information on
pieces of research. the topic [15]. Moreover, the paper has reviewed the full
article and assessed for relevance when the abstract of the
specific study was not available.
III. METHODS AND MATERIALS
D. Study selection and evaluation
A. Research Methodology
The author has reviewed the eligibility of the literature
The literature review method has been taken in this
properly based on predefined exclusion and inclusion
research paper to answer the research questions. The
criteria. Before introducing the literature, the exclusion
research paper has highlighted that many review papers have
criteria have been utilized in the bibliographic manager. The
talked about the technical aspects of the blockchain in the
grey literature was assessed where the author has looked up
field of the supply chain, but the research paper has not
to the abstract of the research paper in the introductory part.
concluded any specific management focus on the supply
The step was followed by the full-text review as well as
chain [35]. The research paper has only given the foundation
some additional articles were excluded from study
of the research. According to [31], the literature review is a
documenting. The discussion has helped in resolving any
systematic, explicit, and reproducible design for figuring
discrepancy related to the relevance of the articles that were
out, evaluating, and assessing the body that exists of the
reviewed until consensus was achieved. Apart from this,
recorded documents. In this paper, one will get to know the
many studies were also excluded because they have not
literature review on the implementation of blockchain in
focused on the technical aspects of blockchain technology as
supply chain management [19]. Moreover, one will also get
well as blockchain architecture. The reason why they are
a detailed study of the blockchain review and the practical
excluded is that all these articles were not fitting the
application that focuses to give a more prominent and
introductory criteria and thus they are used in the article
integrated understanding of the blockchain and the influence
introduction.
it has on supply chain management.
 IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
faster transportation of goods and to figure out the weakness
A. Results in the chain.
There is no doubt in the fact that the modern supply chain There is no doubt in the fact that the technology would
has benefited from the advancement in technology but there offer potential security and transparency comprehensively.
are still significant challenges the modern supply chain The companies using blockchain technology can monitor the
management encounters in functioning which are discussed changes as well as record everything that was changed and
below: who and why they have changed [14]. The reason why they
 Complex ecosystem: there is an intricate web of can track the changes is that the items in the chain have a
suppliers as well as registered channels of the particular version of the registry and they will not
global enterprise that operates at regional, national, experience any disagreement about transactions in the
and international levels [16] supply chain which makes the transaction process efficient
 Lack of traceability: it becomes difficult for the [21]. When the products in the organization are shipped and
supply network to pinpoint providence the smart contract is signed the data gets reflected in the
 Improper response: there can be delay experienced ledger. The data is then stored with proper information that
if the process mismatch in between the individual as who created it and when it was created as well as the
country and the operating company information on whether it was difficult to fake. Moreover,
 Poor visibility: when the process is dispatched, [17] the companies who have access to this ledger can read the
the company cannot keep track of the goods with items and look at who is having the items currently [34].
the help of barcodes in the transit The paper has also discussed how blockchain can be
 Data reconciliation: there can be problems with treated with the internet of things and mobile technology to
data reconciliation because there is a different prepare a real-time delivery monitoring system [6]. There is
process that is likely to log data in various ways no need to track the products manually rather one can use
 Lack of trust: there can be a lack of trust in the digital sensors to track goods in the entire supply chain from
system and the function when they are not beginning to finish. The combination of blockchain and the
transparent [40] internet of things in logistic companies can help in reducing
delivery as well as with the logistic process to transfer it to
The research paper has highlighted that complexity is the closely track deliverables [17].
main factor of all these challenges. Previously companies With the help of this, the organization can have an
had a limited number of suppliers and thus they know what accurate and updated inventory by attaching small sensors to
to expect and whom to communicate with at the time of the products [1]. The smart inventory can provide useful
problems. But with time, the business ecosystem has data about the items that talk about past location and on-site
changed, and the participants are not aware of one another storage times and many more.
and don't have visibility into the multi-layered supply There are also important attributes that are offered by
structure [36]. The business is also not aware of each other digital ledgers that the supply chain can adopt. A study by
stated activities which increase the possibility of risk. There [19] has indicated that blockchain assures transparency,
is no way that the business can go back to the old practices security, authenticity as well as visibility. However [30]
because the market has become very wide and complicated have explored the various attributes of the blockchain like
as of now. But the complexity can be solved by finding a decentralization, security, visibility as well as trust in the
new way that would help in transparency and building trust supply chain. [36] has come up with the characteristics of
between the companies [35]. the blockchain that has talked about decentralization,
One of the major problems of supply chain companies is persistence, anonymity, and the various commercial
end-to-end monitoring. This has led to difficulty in figuring properties of the blockchain. [24] has highlighted that
out the location as well as the condition of inventory in building trust is one of the important parameters for a
forecasting customer demand and properly tracking the business network that the blockchain can assist in the supply
share of the capacity of the transport [7]. Moreover, this also chain field.
gives rise to improper end-to-end visibility, when global The literature merges the attribute with similar names and
supply chains with geopolitical unrest are considered and it also summarizes the key attributes of the blockchain even
can put the organization at potential risk of disruption. If the though the previous studies might have different names for
company does not have a transparent supply chain, they can that attribute [11]. The key attributes ate properly and were
experience heavy losses as they have very improper explored accordingly in the section.
information to figure out t response to disruption [20].
Blockchain in the supply chain process assures secure B. Discussion
online transactions and this technology is the most suitable It has been discussed above that blockchain development
technology that can be adopted by supply chain management is still a beginning and Technology such as robotic
companies [18]. Apart from this, the technology is also Technology, 5G, IoT, 3D printing, and big data can be
helpful in providing the customer proper service by making integrated with blockchain technology in the 4.0 era [37].
it easier to access all the information of the product. The Talking about the IoT system, can be used in conjunction
technology is also well valued for transparency, honesty as with blockchain technology for enhancing traceability by
well as openness in the relationship of the various fields of collecting census offering consumers as well as retailers to
the supply chain [28]. Blockchain technology also offers trace the total process of the supply chain [22]. Other
applications suggest monitoring delivery process and
machine landing models can be used in predicting
potential
risk and tracing the origin of the raw material. their system
B. Open Research Questions
can be used to its full potential by installing different types
of sensors that can help in generating various traceability Currently, the organizations have no clue about
reports. Moreover, by integrating the above Technology blockchain-enabled solutions and a seeking networking with
with blockchain, many features can be benefited by the corresponding groups on this concept. The progress of
arranging the resources of the logistics by the IoT system blockchain technology in the supply chain field has been
availability [10]. Hence the client can figure out the delivery slow in enterprises because of several reasons that are
status as soon as possible without any hassle. discussed below.
 The organizations are still arguing for finding a
solution that can offer the best integration, security,
V. CONCLUSION privacy, customer experience and scalability.
 The organizations are not sure of the regulatory as
There are a group of companies that make supply chain
well as compliance application of the deployment
systems, and it also consists of various types of flow such as
information, finance, and goods. It Is important to  The potential use cases have not been identified and
how the use cases can be comprehensive is also not
collaborate with the various forms of the business and
judged
integrate the flows to enhance the total performance and
come up with a competitive advantage for the various  The organization fails to identify when to initiate in
organizations. The literature review of the blockchain making a consortium or to join with the existing
one
explored the powerful features that can be used in various
fields. Moreover, the paper has also highlighted blockchain  Metal hurdles because of the extensive
technology and how it would facilitate supply chain complication interaction as well as change in the
collaboration and integration. management ahead
This paper converges the main themes of compliance,  The rising tactical and technological issues that are
immutability, disability as well as transparency. It also required to be addressed include performance and
agreed to the fact that the main themes are there in the scalability, data governance, enterprise architecture
blockchain and how it can help in bringing advantages of the as well as business process design.
supply chain management. The reason has also shown that
the blockchain is one of the emerging technologies and the
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