ABSTRACT IDEA OF PROJECT

The frameworks and strategies for the present development permit a radio specialized
gadget to append to a cell phone by means of a defensive case, the defensive case lodging
the radio gadget and cell phone. At the point when interconnected with the radio gadget,
the cell phone may utilize Software Defined Radio capacities to guide the radio gadget to
play out various operations. For instance, the cell phone may guide the radio gadget to
get climate data to be shown on the cell phone, to go about as a radio scanner, to give
two-way radio correspondences with a different radio gadget, and/or to record the
previously mentioned interchanges on the cell phone. Also, the cell phone, acting through
the radio gadget, may expand the power yield proficiency of the interconnected gadgets.
The cell phone may promote distinguish a channel through which radio interchanges
might be encouraged.

Cellular phones, or cell phones, have ended up regular place in today's general society.
Generally these gadgets have gotten to be called "Smartphone" gadgets fit for introducing
various custom programming applications that empower clients to encounter a more
noteworthy arrangement of functionalities than a customary phone gadget does. While
the cell phones give an extensive variety of utility and programming applications for
clients, they are still restricted to conveying utilizing just the cell phone and cell
information systems or in specific conditions, and Wi-Fi systems, which need to improve
with new techniques.

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure
No Figure Description Page No

3.1 Different Arduino Boards …………………………….………...…….… 13

3.2 Bluetooth Logo…………………………………………………………... 14

3.3 Pico Net Configuration……………………………………………….….. 15

4.1 Structural Block Diagram of Project……………………………….……….17

4.2 Detailed Block Diagram…..……………………………………………… 18

4.3 Circuit Diagram ………….…………………………………….……...… 20

4.4 Call Prcedure……..……………..……………………...………………… 21

4.5 Transceiver Cycle ……………...………………………...………………. 22

4.6 Power Control cycle…… ……………………………………….……..… 23

4.7 Arduino UNO………………………………………………….………..... 24

4.8 HC -05 BLE Module …………………………………………..………… 28

4.9 BLE Breakout Board……………………………………………………... 30

4.10 Complete HC 05 Module……………………………………………….....30

4.11 nRF24L01 RF Module………………………………………………….... 32

4.12 Basic Solar Cell………………………………………................................35

4.13 Arduino IDE Startup…………………………………………..……….......37

4.14 MIT App Inventor Start up…………………………………………...........38

4.15 MIT App Inventor Skech………………………………………………......39

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………... 3
Abstract…………………………………………………………………… 4
List of Figures…………………………………………………………..... 5
Table of Contents………………………………………………………… 9
CHAPTER 1: PROBLEM STATEMENT………………………………… 10
CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION…………………………………………. 11
CHAPTER 3: TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW…………………………….
12
3.1 Arduino……………………………………………………. 12
3.2 Bluetooth…………………………………………………… 14
17
CHAPTER 4: PROPOSED SYSTEM……………………………………
4.1 BLOCK-DIAGRAM………………………………………………….. 17
4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM…………………………………………………. 20
4.2 FLOW CHARTS………………………………………………………. 21
4.3 HARDWARE COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION…………… 24
24
4.3.1 Arduino UNO (ATmega 328 P-PU)………………………….
29
4.3.2 HC-05 Bluetooth Module…………………………………….
4.3.3 nRF24L01 V5.0 RF Module…………………………………. 32
4.4.4 Solar Panel………………………………………………….. 34
4.4 SOFTWARE COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION……………. 36
4.4.1 Arduino IDE……………………………………………………. 36
4.4.2 MIT App Inventor……………………………………………… 38
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION…………………………………………….. 40
CHAPTER 6: LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………. 41
CHAPTER 7: BIBLOGRAPHY………...…………………………………. 42
APPENDIX………………………………………………………………… 43

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CHAPTER 1: PROBLEM STATEMENT
Handheld radios are also capable of receiving (and transmitting, in some cases) broadcast
information on alternate frequencies beyond those commonly used by handheld "walkie-
talkie" style devices. For example, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) broadcasts climate reports which are met with a general interest,
but with specific interest in weather related grid failure events. Thus, radio scanners, for
example, police scanners, are regularly utilized by some to screen correspondences on
these groups regardless of the fact that they are not allowed to collaborate on those same
interchanges.

What is required is the capacity to flawlessly couple a cell phone with a radio gadget
which doesn't depend on the cell system to impart, or in any event can use substitute
specialized strategies as a moderate stride in interfacing with an uncompromised cell
organize. Facilitate, this coupled radio gadget ought to use the abilities of the cell phone
to handle the multifaceted nature of the correspondences by means of a Software Defined
Radio, and give a consolidated unit that doesn't oblige people to convey different gadgets.

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CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION
The present creation uses a device or cellular telephone, the mobile device or telephone
likewise alluded to in this as a smartphone. It ought to be comprehended that the term cell
phone ought not be constrained to smart phones. Smart phones can work as a PC, and
further can convey over a cellular or Wi-Fi arrange by means of a system interface gadget.
In the present innovation, a cell phone is releasably secured in a defensive case which
might be estimated and formed to fit a particular mobile phone make and model.

The case incorporates a radio specialized gadget equipped for transmitting, accepting,
and preparing radio communications. The radio communication device may further
include an antenna to facilitate the transmit and reception of radio communications. In
embodiment in which the case is not integral with the radio communication device, the
radio device is preferably included in hardware that interfaces with the smart phone. The
case may likewise incorporate a rechargeable battery to give an extra power source to the
cell phone, radio specialized gadget or both gadgets.

The mobile device and radio communication device may be communicatively coupled by
either a wired or wireless connection. In the case of a wired connection, a wire from the
radio communication device may be inserted through an aperture of the protective case
such that the wire may connect to a data port of the mobile apparatus otherwise, the radio
communication device may include a port which connects directly with the data port of
the mobile device. In the case of a wireless connection, the connection may be made
using technology such as Bluetooth® or Wi-Fi technologies.

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CHAPTER 3: TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

3.1 ARDUINO

Arduino is an open-source extend that made microcontroller-based units for building

advanced gadgets and intuitive articles that can sense and control physical devices.

The venture depends on microcontroller board plans, created by a few sellers, utilizing
different microcontrollers. These frameworks give sets of advanced and simple
information/yield (I/O) sticks that can interface to different extension sheets (named
shields) and different circuits. The sheets highlight serial correspondence interfaces,
including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on a few models, for stacking programs from PCs.
For programming the microcontrollers, the Arduino extend gives a coordinated
improvement environment (IDE) in view of a programming dialect named Processing,
which additionally underpins the dialects C and C++.

The primary Arduino was presented in 2005, intending to give a minimal effort, simple
path for learners and experts to make gadgets that cooperate with their surroundings
utilizing sensors and actuators. Basic cases of such gadgets proposed for novice
specialists incorporate basic robots, indoor regulators, and movement indicators.

Arduino boards are accessible monetarily in preassembled type, or as do-it-yourself packs.

The equipment plan particulars are straightforwardly accessible, permitting the Arduino
boards to be created by anybody. Adafruit Industries evaluated in mid-2011 that more
than 300,000 authority Arduinos had been economically produced, and in 2013 that
700,000 authority sheets were in clients' hands.

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 Fig. 3.1 Different Arduino Boards

Although the hardware and software designs are openly accessible under copy left
licenses, the developers have requested that the name "Arduino" be exclusive to the
official product and not be used for open source without permission. The official policy
document on the use of the Arduino name emphasizes that the project is open to
incorporating work by others into the official product.

As a result of the protected naming conventions of the Arduino, a group of Arduino users
forked the Arduino Diecimila, releasing an equivalent board called Freeduino. The name
"Freeduino" is not trademarked and is free to use for any purpose.

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3.2 BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth is a wireless technology used to exchange information between various

electronic gadgets. The separation of information transmission is little in contrast with
different methods of remote correspondence. This innovation kills the utilization of
strings, links, and connectors and grants the electronic gadgets to convey remotely among
each other.

Amid the previous two decades, the headway in microelectronics and VLSI innovation
plunged down the cost of numerous shopper electronic items to a level which was
reasonable for the normal man. The main quarter of 2001, saw the distributing of around
32.5 million PCs. The offer of phones is anticipated to achieve 1 billion in 2005. With
increment in the quantity of electronic gadgets, comes in the need of interfacing them
together for most extreme interoperability and use. These gadgets associate with each
other utilizing an assortment of wires, links, radio signs and infrared light pillars, and a
much more prominent assortment of connectors, fittings and conventions. Bluetooth is
conceived to supplant these links.

Bluetooth is a high-speed, low-power microwave wireless link technology, designed to

connect phones, laptops, PDAs and other portable equipment
together with little or no work by the user.

Bluetooth is overseen by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group

(SIG), which has more than 25,000 part organizations in the
ranges of media transmission, processing, systems
administration, and shopper electronics. The IEEE
institutionalized Bluetooth as IEEE 802.15.1, however didn't
really keeps up the standard. The Bluetooth SIG regulates
Fig. 3.2
improvement of the particular, deals with the capability
program, and secures the trademarks. A maker must meet Bluetooth Bluetooth Logo

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SIG measures to market it as a Bluetooth device. A system of licenses apply to the
innovation, which are authorized to individual qualifying gadgets.

It uses a frequency hopping spread spectrum technique (FHSS) - which is one of two
basic modulation techniques used in spread spectrum signal transmission. Frequencies
are switched repeatedly during radio transmission to help reduce unlawful access or other
means of telecommunications to cross paths and cause interruption.

Bluetooth Network consists of a Personal Area Network or a piconet which contains a

minimum of 2 to maximum of 8 Bluetooth peer devices- Usually a single master and up
to 7 slaves.

A master is the device which initiates communication with other devices. The master
device governs the communications link and traffic between itself and the slave devices
associated with it. A slave device is the device that responds to the master device.

Fig. 3.3 Pico Net

Slave devices are required to synchronize their transmit/receive timing with that of the
masters. In addition, transmissions by slave devices are governed by the master device
(i.e., the master device dictates when a slave device may transmit). Specifically, a slave
may only begin its transmissions in a time slot immediately following the time slot in

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which it was addressed by the master, or in a time slot explicitly reserved for use by the
slave device.

Bluetooth is defined as a layer protocol architecture consisting of core protocols, cable

replacement protocols, telephony control protocols, and adopted protocols. Mandatory
protocols for all Bluetooth stacks are: LMP, L2CAP and SDP. In addition, devices that
communicate with Bluetooth almost universally can use these protocols: HCI and
RFCOMM.

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CHAPTER 4: PROPOSED SYSTEM

4.1 BLOCK-DIAGRAM

Fig. 4.1 Structural Block Diagram

Page | 17
Fig. 4.2 Functional Detailed Block Diagram

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Fig 4.1 shows the basic and hardware consist block diagram which works on basics of
battery and also powered by solar penal .the hardware consist of Arduino core (uno),
Bluetooth module and RF module as core. Here the software and hardware interface is
not so much cleared.

Fig 4.2 Consist of more detailed Block diagram of the system, here the system is shown
with the prospective of hardware software interface in detail, software defined radio
could be more specific.

In the specifics of examining a RF equipment gadget combined with a cell phone, a few
definitions will be utilized as a part of the particular. Initial, a "cell phone" is any
versatile gadget typically used for correspondence, particularly excluding any gadget
with existing abilities inside the HF, VHF, and UHF two-way radio groups. Such gadgets
may incorporate cell phones or whatever other gadget operable over the cell phone
arrange, tablet PCs, smart phones, players, and some other gadgets which make
utilization of the web (either wired or remote, for example, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, LTE, and so
forth.), or other comparative gadgets typically used for correspondence and containing no
less than a mouthpiece and speaker or proportional, e.g. by means of a module or
connectable by means of remote advances (e.g. Bluetooth®), furthermore fit for
executing programming. What's more, a "cell phone" is a cell phone which permits the
client to adjust the usefulness to customize the arrangement of programming applications
which can be executed on the cell phone. Such applications may incorporate a World
Wide Web (WWW or web) program, camera and video recording capacities, following
and logging programming (e.g. vehicle mileage following) and worldwide situating
programming for course finding, and in addition sight and sound applications for
watching films or listening to music. Advance, the applications may incorporate seller
particular substance, for example, Yelp eatery audits or CBS TV programming. For all
intents and purposes any sort of programming application might be made for use on a cell
phone.

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4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 4.3 Circuit Diagram

Page | 20
4.3 FLOW CHARTS

Fig 4.4 Call Procedure

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Fig. 4.5 Transceiver cycle

Page | 22
Fig. 4.6 Power Control Cycle

Page | 23
4.4 HARDWARE COMPONENTS AND
DESCRIPTION

4.4.1 ARDUINO UNO (AT MEGA 328 P-PU)

Arduino/Genuino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet).

It has 14 digital input/output pins
(of which 6 can be used as PWM
outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz quartz crystal, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header and a reset button. It
contains everything needed to
support the microcontroller;
simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with
a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to
get started.. You can tinker with
your UNO without worring too
much about doing something
wrong, worst case scenario you
can replace the chip for a few
dollars and start over again.
Fig 4.7 Arduino Uno
"Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino Software
(IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were
the reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the
first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino
platform; for an extensive list of current, past or outdated boards see the Arduino index
of boards.

Page | 24
Page | 25
HARDWARE

An Arduino board consists of an Atmel 8-, 16- or 32-bit AVR microcontroller with
complementary components that facilitate programming and incorporation into other
circuits. An important aspect of the Arduino is its standard connectors, which lets users
connect the CPU board to a variety of interchangeable add-on modules known as shields.
Arduino and Arduino-compatible boards use printed circuit expansion boards called
"shields", which plug into the normally supplied Arduino pin headers. Shields can
provide motor controls, GPS, Ethernet, LCD, or prototyping.

A handful of other processors have been used by Arduino compatibles. Most boards
include a 5 volt linear regulator and a 16 MHz crystal oscillator (or ceramic resonator in
some variants). An Arduino's microcontroller is also pre-programmed with a boot
loader (currently Optiboot) that simplifies uploading of programs to the on-chip flash
memory, compared with other devices that typically need an external programmer. This
makes using an Arduino more straightforward by allowing the use of an ordinary
computer as the programmer.

At a conceptual level, all boards are programmed over an RS-232 serial connection, but
the way this is implemented varies by hardware version. Serial Arduino boards contain a
level shifter circuit to convert between RS-232-level and TTL-level signals. Current
Arduino boards are programmed via USB, implemented using USB-to-serial adapter
chips. Some boards, such as later-model Uno, substitute the FTDI chip with a separate
AVR chip containing USB-to-serial firmware. Other variants, use a detachable USB-to-
serial adapter board or cable, Bluetooth or other methods.

The Arduino board exposes most of the microcontroller's I/O pins for use by other
circuits. Current Arduino Uno provides14 digital I/O pins, 6 of which can PWM
modulated signals, and 6analog inputs, which can also be used as six digital I/O pins.
These pins are on the top of the board, via female 2.5 mm headers. Several plug-in
application shields are also commercially available.

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There are many Arduino-compatible and Arduino-derived boards. Some are functionally
equivalent to an Arduino and can be used interchangeably. Many enhance the basic
Arduino by adding output drivers, often for use in school-level education to simplify the
construction of buggies and small robots. Others are electrically equivalent but change
the form factor, sometimes retaining compatibility with shields, sometimes not. Some
variants use completely different processors, with varying levels of compatibility.

SOFTWARE

The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application

written in Java, and derives from the IDE for the Processing programming language and
the Wiring projects. It is designed to introduce programming to artists and other
newcomers unfamiliar with software development. It includes a code editor with features
such as syntax highlighting, brace matching, and automatic indentation, and is also
capable of compiling and uploading programs to the board with a single click. A program
or code written for Arduino is called a "sketch".

Arduino programs are written in C or C++. The Arduino IDE comes with a software
library called "Wiring" from the original Wiring project, which makes many common
input/output operations much easier. The users need only to define two functions to make
an executable cyclic executive program:

setup (): a function that runs once at the start of a program and that can initialize settings.

loop (): a function called repeatedly until the board powers off.

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4.4.2 HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE

Bluetooth is a wireless standard for trading information over short separations (utilizing
short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz) from settled
and cell phones, and building individual zone systems (PANs). Range is around 10
Meters (30 feet).

These modules are based on the Cambridge Silicon Radio BC417 2.4 GHz Bluetooth
Radio chip. This is a complex chip which uses an
external 8 Mbit flash memory.

The main function of Bluetooth serial module is

replacing the serial port line, such as:

1. There are two MCUs want to communicate

with each other. One connects to Bluetooth master
device while the other one connects to slave device.
Their connection can be built once the pair is made.
This Bluetooth connection is equivalently liked to
a serial port line connection including RXD, TXD
signals. And they can use the Bluetooth serial
module to communicate with each other.

Fig. 4.8 HC-05 BLE Module

2. When MCU has Bluetooth salve module, it can communicate with Bluetooth adapter
of computers and smart phones. Then there is a virtual communicable serial port line
between MCU and computer or smart phone.

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3. The Bluetooth devices in the market mostly are salve devices, such as Bluetooth
printer, Bluetooth GPS. So, we can use master module to make pair and communicate
with them. Bluetooth Serial module’s operation doesn’t need drive, and can communicate
with the other Bluetooth device who has the serial. But communication between two
Bluetooth modules requires at least two conditions:

(1) The communication must be between master and slave.

(2) The password must be correct.

IMPORTANT Definitions:

HC-05 is a more capable module that can be set to be either Master or Slave .

HC-06 is a Slave only device. (It looks physically just like the HC-05).

3 cm long) modules run on 3.3V power with 3.3V signal levels, They
have no pins and usually solder to a larger board.

The module has two modes of operation, Command Mode where we can send AT
commands to it and Data Mode where it transmits and receives data to another bluetooth
module.

"Breakout" Boards that make these easy to use are available and recommended. These
mount the sub-module like that shown on the right on a slightly larger board. NOTE:
Sellers often label them "HC-05" or "HC-06", but they have some other model number on
the reverse side. Most of these boards support operation at 5V power and interface to 5V
Arduino signal levels with some technique of level shifting. A typical "breakout" board is
shown below:

Page | 29
 Fig. 4.9 Breakout Board

Fig. 4.10 Complete HC 05 Module

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Hardware Features

 Typical ‐80dBm sensitivity.

 Up to +4dBm RF transmit power.
 3.3 to 5 V I/O.
 PIO (Programmable Input/Output) control.
 UART interface with programmable baud rate.
 With integrated antenna.
 With edge connector.

Software Features

 Slave default Baud rate: 9600, Data bits: 8, Stop bit: 1, Parity: No parity.
 Auto‐connect to the last device on power as default.
 Permit pairing device to connect as default.
 Auto‐pairing PINCODE:”1234” as default.

Pin Description
The HC-05 Bluetooth Module has 6pins. They are as follows:

ENABLE: When enable is pulled LOW, the module is disabled which means the module
will not turn on and it fails to communicate. When enable is left open or connected to
3.3V, the module is enabled i.e. the module remains on and communication also takes
place.
Vcc: Supply Voltage 3.3V to 5V
GND: Ground pin
TXD & RXD: These two pins acts as an UART interface for communication
STATE: It acts as a status indicator. When the module is not connected to /
paired with any other Bluetooth device, signal goes Low. At this low state, the led
flashes continuously which denotes that the module is not paired with other device.
When this module is connected to/paired with any other Bluetooth device, the signal
goes High. At this high state, the led blinks with a constant delay say for example 2s
delay which indicates that the module is paired.

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4.4.3 NRF24L01 V5.0 RF MODULE

The nRF24L01 is a single chip 2.4GHz transceiver with an embedded baseband protocol
engine
(Enhanced ShockBurst™), designed for ultra-low power wireless applications. The
nRF24L01 is designed for operation in the world wide ISM frequency band at 2.400 –
2.4835GHz. An MCU (microcontroller) and very few external passive components are
needed to design a radio system with the nRF24L01. The nRF24L01 is configured and
operated through a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI.) Through this interface the register
map is available. The register map contains all configuration registers in the nRF24L01
and is accessible in all operation modes of the chip.

Fig. 4.11 nRF24L01 V5.0 Module With LNA

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The embedded baseband protocol engine (Enhanced ShockBurst™) is based on packet
communication and supports various modes from manual operation to advanced
autonomous protocol operation. Internal FIFOs ensure a smooth data flow between the
radio front end and the system’s MCU. Enhanced Shock- Burst™ reduces system cost by
handling all the high-speed link layer operations. The radio front end uses GFSK
modulation. It has user configurable parameters like frequency channel, output power and
air data rate. The air data rate supported by the nRF24L01 is configurable to 2Mbps. The
high air data rate combined with two power saving modes makes the nRF24L01 very
suitable for ultra low power designs. Internal voltage regulators ensure a high Power
Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) and a wide power supply
Range

Features of the nRF24L01 include:

• Radio
� Worldwide 2.4GHz ISM band operation
� 126 RF channels
� Common RX and TX pins
� GFSK modulation
� 1 and 2Mbps air data rate
� 1MHz non-overlapping channel spacing at 1Mbps
� 2MHz non-overlapping channel spacing at 2Mbps
• Transmitter
� Programmable output power: 0, -6, -12 or -18dBm
� 11.3mA at 0dBm output power
• Receiver
� Integrated channel filters
� 12.3mA at 2Mbps
� -82dBm sensitivity at 2Mbps
� -85dBm sensitivity at 1Mbps
� Programmable LNA gain

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• RF Synthesizer
� Fully integrated synthesizer
� No external loop filer, VCO varactor diode or resonator
� Accepts low cost ±60ppm 16MHz crystal
• Enhanced ShockBurst™
� 1 to 32 bytes dynamic payload length
� Automatic packet handling
� Auto packet transaction handling
� 6 data pipe MultiCeiver™ for 1:6 star networks
• Power Management
� Integrated voltage regulator
� 1.9 to 3.6V supply range
� Idle modes with fast start-up times for advanced power management
� 22uA Standby-I mode, 900nA power down mode
� Max 1.5ms start-up from power down mode
� Max 130us start-up from standby-I mode
• Host Interface
� 4-pin hardware SPI
� Max 8Mbps
� 3 separate 32 bytes TX and RX FIFOs
� 5V tolerant inputs
• Compact 20-pin 4x4mm QFN package

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4.4.4 SOLAR PANEL

A solar power based cell, or photovoltaic cell (in early days additionally named “sun
oriented battery”– a signification which these days has a very surprising importance, see
here), is an electrical gadget that changes over the vitality of light straightforwardly into
power by the photovoltaic impact, which is a physical and substance phenomenon. It is a
type of photoelectric cell, characterized as a gadget whose electrical attributes, for
example, current, voltage, or resistance, differ when presented to light. Sun based cells
are the building squares of photovoltaic modules, also called solar panel

Fig. 4.12 Basic solar cell

Specifications:

 Size- 4inch * 2inch

 Volt: 6V
 Ampere: 100mA
 Power : 2 W

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4.5 SOFTWARE COMPONENTS AND
DESCRIPTION

4.5.1 ARDUINO IDE

The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it to
the board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in Java
and based on Processing and other open-source software. This software can be used with
any Arduino board.

The Arduino extend gives the Arduino integrated development environment (IDE), which
is a cross-stage application written in the programming language Java. It began from the
IDE for the dialects Processing and Wiring. It is intended to acquaint programming with
craftsmen and different newcomers new to programming improvement. It incorporates a
code editorial manager with elements such assyntax highlighting, prop coordinating, and
programmed space, and gives basic a single tick component to arrange and stack projects
to an Arduino board. A program composed with the IDE for Arduino is known as a
“sketch”.

It provides complete development environment. It is integrated with C compiler

AVR GNU C Compiler(GCC) so user do not need to add extra c compiler. GUI
consist of editor wind, project Properties window and other tools. In this project it is
useful to develop firmware for the Atmega328P micro controller. Now it provides
support for both the static library and executable library user can select any of
them. It also provides support for the C and C++Languages

The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules to organize code.
The Arduino IDE supplies a software library called Wiring from the Wiring project,
which provides many common input and output procedures. A typical Arduino C/C++

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sketch consist of two functions that are compiled and linked with a program
stub main() into an executable cyclic executive program:

 setup(): a function that runs once at the start of a program and that can initialize
settings.
 loop(): a function called repeatedly until the board powers off.

After compiling and linking with the GNU toolchain, also included with the IDE
distribution, the Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the executable
code into a text file in hexadecimal coding that is loaded into the Arduino board by a
loader program in the board’s firmware

Fig 4.13
Arduino IDE Startup
Page | 37
4.5.2 MIT APP INVENTOR

App Inventor lets you develop applications for Android phones using a web browser and
either a connected phone or emulator. The App Inventor servers store your work and help
you keep track of your projects.

Fig. 4.14 MIT App Inventor Startup

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 You build apps by working with:

 The App Inventor Designer, where you select the components for your app.
 The App Inventor Blocks Editor, where you assemble program blocks that specify how
the components should behave. You assemble programs visually, fitting pieces together
like pieces of a puzzle.
Your app appears on the phone step-by-step as you add pieces to it, so you can test your
work as you build. When you’re done, you can package your app and produce a stand-
alone application to install.

If you don’t have an Android phone, you can build your apps using the Android
emulator, software that runs on
your computer and behaves just
like the phone.
The App Inventor development
environment is supported for
Mac OS X, GNU/Linux, and
Windows operating systems,
and several popular Android
phone models. Applications
created with App Inventor can
be installed on any Android
phone. Fig 4.15 developing first Code

App building begins in the Designer. Here you create the user interface, or the “look and
feel” of the app. You also add the components needed to receive input from the user, as
well as the components needed to display output or information to the user. The Designer
also is where you specify which nonvisible components the app will use, such as the
dialer, GPS, or SMS. Notice that because we are in Designer, the Designer button
in Figure is slightly grayed out in the top-right corner of the screen. This button, along
with the one next to it, labeled Blocks, indicates which editor you are using.

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CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION
o Main motto of the smartphone survival and communication module project is to
decrease the chances of losing conventional coverage and network in emergency
conditions.
o Whenever system detects the unavailability of the conventional cellular network it
switches to self stabilized ad hoc wireless network which extend the range of
communication with smartphone in rural areas.
o This device invention is much more useful for the accidents occurred in deserted
places and mountains.
o Currently the system cannot acess the full cellular network by itself.

5.1 Future Scopes

o In the system we further interface the GPS module for location sharing.
o Extend the range of system till 45 miles using ZigBee 900 MHz Module which also
works as industrial use.
o System could be made compatible to use with TCP/IP protocol suit making it
compatible for internet messaging and VoIP support.
o Using the module like Wi-Fi modules it could be used as range extension to wireless
local area networks.
o Without smartphone system could work as Wireless Sensor Node (WSN) making it
very useful in IOT application for long ranges.

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CHAPTER 6: LITERATURE REVIEW
o We have seen various videos on YouTube by different channels to study Arduino.
These includes videos from AdaFruit, Arduino, Elements14 and various normal users.
o We have gone to the official Arduino.cc website and learned various different models
of Arduino, studied their functions and according to the need and the scope of our
project, selected our model.
o Data sheets, Wikipedia articles and DIY projects have been studied to open our sights
to the various applications that can be made from Arduino and the sensors and GSM
modules that we are using.

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CHAPTER 7: BIBLOGRAPHT

 www.wikipedia.org
 www.google.com
 www.youtube.com
 Google Patents Database
 www.element14.com
 www.arduino.cc
 Instructables.com
 Edaboard.com
 Eevblog.com
 Various forums for the study of various projects done by people.

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APPENDIX

DESIGN ENGINEERING CANVASES

AEIOU CANVAS

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EMPATHY CANVAS

IDEATION CANVAS

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PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS

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