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Gasenje Pozara Solarnih Panela 2019

Hans Nieling, a fire instructor from the Dutch Fire Academy, gave a presentation in Zagreb, Croatia about the future of firefighting. He discussed goals of firefighter safety and reducing risks. Specific topics included interior fire attack techniques, solar panels, lithium-ion batteries, and the dangers of thermal runaway reactions in damaged batteries. Lithium-ion batteries can explode when fully charged and heated beyond a critical temperature, releasing toxic and corrosive gases. Large quantities of stored batteries may require special sprinkler systems and precautions due to these hazards. Firefighters need to be aware of potential battery risks at structure fires.

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Alen Škudar
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77 views23 pages

Gasenje Pozara Solarnih Panela 2019

Hans Nieling, a fire instructor from the Dutch Fire Academy, gave a presentation in Zagreb, Croatia about the future of firefighting. He discussed goals of firefighter safety and reducing risks. Specific topics included interior fire attack techniques, solar panels, lithium-ion batteries, and the dangers of thermal runaway reactions in damaged batteries. Lithium-ion batteries can explode when fully charged and heated beyond a critical temperature, releasing toxic and corrosive gases. Large quantities of stored batteries may require special sprinkler systems and precautions due to these hazards. Firefighters need to be aware of potential battery risks at structure fires.

Uploaded by

Alen Škudar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIRE ZAGREB

CROATIA
NOV 2019

Hans Nieling,
Fire Instructor
Dutch Fire Academy
Captain FD Sittard

A VIEW INTO THE NEAR


FUTURE OF FIREFIGHTING
ZAGREB FIRE 2019

WHAT’S OUR GOAL TODAY?


▸ Firefighter Safety

▸ Reducing Near Misses

▸ Have NO LODD

▸ how? create safer workplace, by…

▸ Teaching fire dynamics

▸ Creating awareness on B-SAHF

▸ We train on essentials
ZAGREB FIRE 2019

WHAT ARE WE FOCUSSING ON TODAY?

▸ Interior fire attack.

▸ Flow Path

▸ Smoke is Fuel

▸ Door management (close the


door)

▸ Ventilation tactics insight

▸ Did I forget something?


ZAGREB FIRE 2019

SOLAR PANELS
▸ Encouraged to use

▸ Green energy

▸ Subsidized by Government

▸ Relatively cheap

▸ Refund by electricity companies

▸ Many homes have them

▸ Still increasing
ZAGREB FIRE 2019

SOLAR PANELS / PHOTOVOLTAICS / PV


▸ Are solar panels dangerous ?

▸ But creating danger when having a attic fire or wrong installation

▸ How to create safe workplace?


ZAGREB FIRE 2019

SOLAR PANELS
▸ Is this a safe work place?

▸ Are the firefighters aware


of the potential risks?

▸ Is there knowledge about


the PV panels?

▸
ZAGREB FIRE 2019

PV PANELS DANGEROUS?
▸ Panels dangerous when damaged?
No way……… or?

▸ Panels are creating DC power


(direct current)

▸ Panels are connected serial or


parallel

▸ Approx 42 VDC per panel


ZAGREB FIRE 2019
ZAGREB FIRE 2019

ENERGY STORAGE FUTURE


▸ Lithium Ion batteries

▸ What are LIPO batteries

▸ Which danger?
ZAGREB FIRE 2019

WHAT ARE LITHIUM BATTERIES

PRIMARY Lithium Batteries SECONDARY

Non rechargable Re-chargable

Lithium Batteries Lithium Ion Batteries

Use Dry or Wet Foam

V
H2 hydrogen H2
ZAGREB FIRE 2019

Bruno Scrosati, K. M. Abraham, Walter A. van Schalkwijk, Jusef Hassoun. Lithium Batteries: Advanced Technologies and
Applications. 1. Auflage. New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2013. S. 392. ISBN 978-1-118-18365-6
ZAGREB FIRE 2019
ZAGREB FIRE 2019

LITHIUM BATTERIES
Lithium Ion

Battery

Electrolyte Cathode

Solvent Graphite Active


Conduction
Salt

Copper foil Aluminium Foil


ZAGREB FIRE 2019

NEED TO KNOW

▸ Electrolyte consists of:

▸ LiPF6 Conductor Salt = Lithium HexafluorPhosphate

▸ Solvent = Ethylene carbonate

▸ When in decomposition state it forms 2HF or 3HF

▸ HydrogenFluor or HydroxyFlavone - Highly corrosive


and Toxic

▸ Occurs during Thermal runaway


ZAGREB FIRE 2019

THERMAL RUNAWAY
▸ When happens a thermal runaway?
Cathode: ≥ 130 °C and x < 0,5 Reaction between Electrolyte und LixCoO2
ZAGREB FIRE 2019
ZAGREB FIRE 2019

▸ Fire at a storage building and garage door company, in Germany.


ZAGREB FIRE 2019

WHEN DANGEROUS?

▸ Depends on SOC (state of charge)

▸ all Li batteries at least 25% SOC

▸ Highest danger when fully charged

▸ When partially charged and heated beyond critical temp


cell temp suddenly increased to max temp of 740C -
1075C
ZAGREB FIRE 2019

OUR HAZARDS
Small amounts of Li-Ion-Batteries are no problem for the fire service!

Larger quantities of batteries


can explode (?)
cause hazards by HF-Generation
(today no valid information about the concentration)

Storage of large quantities of Li-Ion-Batteries need a deluge sprinkler system


To reduce the HF-Contamination of the Fire Fighters
To reduce the risc of explosion
To reduce the velocitiy of thermal runaway spread
(normal sprinklers are to slow)

Firefighters need more distance to burning batteries than to other solid fuels

Use the water to wash out the corrosive and toxic gases
ZAGREB FIRE 2019

OUR (FUTURE) PROBLEM

▸ We don’t know who has Energy storage batteries at home.

▸ We don’t know where it’s placed. Near houses

▸ Potential danger - electricity - chemical hazard - explosion


WHAT’S UP NEXT………

LITHIUM-ION BATTERY STORAGE


OUR FUTURE DANGER?
ZAGREB FIRE 2019

▸ Thank you!

▸ References: Many thanks goes to


Prof. Dr Roland Goertz of the
University of Wuppertal, Germany

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