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Weather Forecast WebApp

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE(S)

Anuj Upadhyaya (21BCA1790)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

NAME OF THE DEGREE

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

IN
BRANCH OF STUDY
UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

Chandigarh University

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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “WEATHER INFORMATION APP” is the

bonafide work of“ Anuj upadhyaya ” who carried out the project work under
my/our supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr. Kavita Gupta Ms. Varsha Thakur (E14547)

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Bachelor of Computer Applications Bachelor of Computer Applications

Submitted for the project viva-voce examination held on

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. 7

List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. 8

List of Standards ......................................................................................................................... 9

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 11

1.1. Identification of Client/ Need/ Relevant Contemporary issue........................................ 11

1.2. Identification of Problem................................................................................................ 11

1.3. Identification of Tasks .................................................................................................... 11

1.4. Timeline ......................................................................................................................... 11

CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW/BACKGROUND STUDY ............. 12

2.1. Timeline of the reported problem ................................................................................... 12

2.2. Existing solutions ........................................................................................................... 12

2.3. Bibliometric analysis ...................................................................................................... 12

2.4. Review Summary ........................................................................................................... 12

2.5. Problem Definition ......................................................................................................... 12

2.6. Goals/Objectives ............................................................................................................ 12

CHAPTER 3. DESIGN FLOW/PROCESS....................................................... 13

3.1. Evaluation & Selection of Specifications/Features ........................................................ 13

3.2. Design Constraints ......................................................................................................... 13

3.3. Analysis of Features and finalization subject to constraints .......................................... 13

3.4. Design Flow ................................................................................................................... 13

3.5. Design selection ............................................................................................................. 13

3.6. Implementation plan/methodology ................................................................................ 13

CHAPTER 4. RESULTS ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION .......................... 14

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4.1. Implementation of solution ............................................................................................ 14

CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK .................................. 15

5.1. Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 15

5.2. Future work .................................................................................................................... 15

REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 16
APPENDIX ............................................................................................................. 17
1. Plagiarism Report............................................................................................................... 17

2. Design Checklist ................................................................................................................ 17

USER MANUAL .................................................................................................... 18

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ABSTRACT

A weather information app is a digital application that provides users with up-to-date
information on current and upcoming weather conditions. The app is designed to be
user-friendly and easy to navigate, providing users with access to a variety of
weather data such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, and
precipitation levels. In addition to basic weather information, weather apps may offer
personalized features such as the ability to save favorite locations, view weather
information in different units of measurement, or access historical weather data for a
specific location. Weather apps may also provide customizable notifications for
weather events that may impact a user's daily routine or outdoor activities, as well as
weather-related news and articles. The primary goal of a weather information app is
to provide users with accurate and timely weather information, helping them make
informed decisions about their safety and daily routine based on the latest weather
conditions.

Implementation Highlights:

HTML Structuring: HTML forms the foundation of the application, enabling the
creation of structured and meaningful content.

CSS Styling: Cascading Style Sheets are employed to stylize the application's layout,
fonts, and colors, contributing to an engaging and visually pleasing experience.

JavaScript Dynamics: JavaScript adds interactivity and dynamic behavior to the

application, enabling user input handling, data manipulation, and real-time updates.

API Integration: The project incorporates API integration to fetch accurate weather
data, allowing users to access current conditions and forecasts.

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Design for web Page

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INTRODUCTION

1.1. Identification of Client /Need / Relevant Contemporary issue

Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state
of the atmosphere for a given location. Ancient weather forecasting methods usually
relied on observed patterns of events, also termed pattern recognition. For example, it
might be observed that if the sunset was particularly red, the following day often
brought fair weather. However, not all of these predictions prove reliable
The "Weather Forecast" project is a web application designed to provide users with
up-to-date weather information for a specific location. The application is developed
using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, aiming to offer a user-friendly interface and
accurate weather data retrieval from a reliable API source.

Client: The client in this case is someone who is interested in staying up-to-date with
weather information and would like to use a weather information app to do so.

Need: The need of the client is to have a reliable and user-friendly weather
information app that provides accurate and timely updates on current and upcoming
weather conditions. The client may also have specific needs such as access to radar
maps, severe weather alerts, and customized notifications for weather events that
may impact their daily routine or outdoor activities

Relevant Contemporary Issue: One of the relevant contemporary issues related to

weather information apps is the accuracy of the weather data provided. With the
increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events such as hurricanes,
wildfires, and droughts, users of weather apps rely heavily on the accuracy of the
information provided to make informed decisions about their safety and well-being.
Additionally, the impact of climate change on weather patterns and the resulting
implications for human health, infrastructure, and agriculture make accurate and up-
to-date weather information even more critical. As such, weather information app
developers are constantly working to improve the accuracy and reliability of their
products and incorporate the latest data and technology to meet the needs of their
users.

User can view the weather in his/her current location.

User can toggle the temperature unit (Celsius or Fahrenheit).
Weather icon or background image will change depending on weather conditions.

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1.2. Identification of Problem

There are several potential problems that users may encounter when using a weather
information app. Some of these include:

• Inaccurate or outdated information: If the weather information provided by the

app is inaccurate or outdated, users may be misled and make decisions that put
their safety or well-being at risk.

• Poor user experience: Weather apps that are difficult to navigate, slow to load,
or have a confusing user interface can be frustrating and may discourage users
from relying on the app for weather information.

• Limited functionality: Users may be dissatisfied with a weather app that has
limited functionality, such as not providing access to radar maps, severe
weather alerts, or customized notifications.

• Data privacy concerns: Users may be concerned about how their personal data
is being collected, stored, and used by the weather app developer.

• Unreliable app performance: Weather apps that frequently crash, freeze, or fail
to load can be frustrating for users and may make them lose confidence in the
app's ability to provide accurate and timely weather information.

• These problems can be challenging for weather app developers to address, but
by actively monitoring user feedback and incorporating the latest data and
technology into their products, developers can work to improve the accuracy,
reliability, and user experience of their weather information apps.

• Input Validation and Error Handling:

• Invalid User Inputs: The app should handle cases where users input invalid
locations or data.

• Missing Error Handling: Lack of proper error messages for failed API requests
or unexpected errors can confuse users.

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1.3. Identification of Tasks

The primary task of a weather information app is to provide accurate and

timely updates on current and upcoming weather conditions. This includes
providing information such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and
direction, and precipitation levels, as well as more detailed data such as radar
maps, satellite imagery, and severe weather alerts.

In addition to providing weather information, a weather information app may

also be designed to perform other tasks, such as:

Customizable notifications: Many weather apps allow users to set up

customized notifications for weather events that may impact their daily
routine or outdoor activities. For example, a user may set up a notification to
receive an alert when a thunderstorm is approaching their location.

Personalization: Weather apps may offer personalized features, such as the

ability to save favorite locations, view weather information in different units
of measurement, or access historical weather data for a specific location.

Integration with other apps and devices: Some weather apps may integrate
with other apps and devices, such as smart home systems, to provide users
with a more seamless experience. For example, a weather app may integrate
with a smart thermostat to automatically adjust the temperature in a user's
home based on the current weather conditions.

Weather-related news and articles: Many weather apps provide users with
access to weather-related news and articles, such as weather forecasts, climate
change updates, and safety tips for extreme weather events.

By providing these additional features and functionality, weather information

apps can help users stay informed and make informed decisions about their
safety and daily routine based on the latest weather information.

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1. Project Setup:

Create a new project directory.

Set up HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files.
Link the CSS and JavaScript files to the HTML file.

2. HTML Structure:

Design the basic layout of the web page using HTML tags.
Create input fields for location selection.
Set up containers for displaying current weather and forecast information.
Add placeholders for dynamic data to be inserted later.

3. CSS Styling:

Style the overall layout, fonts, and colors to create an appealing UI.
Define responsive design rules for various screen sizes.
Style the input fields, buttons, and containers for weather information.
Apply CSS flexbox or grid for proper alignment.

4. JavaScript Implementation:

Write JavaScript functions to handle user interactions and data manipulation.

Implement event listeners to capture user input.
Create a function to fetch weather data from a weather API using fetch or other
AJAX methods.
Process the API response to extract relevant weather information.
Update the DOM with the retrieved data for current weather and forecast.

5. Current Weather Display:

Implement a function to display the current weather data on the webpage.

Update the temperature, weather description, humidity, wind speed, and icon.
Handle cases where data is not available or API requests fail.

6. User Input Handling and Validation:

Validate user inputs for location selection.

Display error messages for invalid inputs.
Clear previous weather data when a new location is selected.

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7. CSS and UI Refinements:

Fine-tune CSS styles for consistent and polished UI.

Adjust spacing, margins, and padding for better readability.
Ensure proper alignment of elements and responsive behavior.

8. Testing and Debugging:

Test the web application on various browsers and devices.

Verify that weather data is accurately displayed.
Identify and fix any functional or visual bugs.

9. Documentation:

Write a user guide or instructions for using the web app.

Comment your JavaScript code to explain its functionality.
Create a README file that describes the project, its features, and how to set it
up.

10.Performance Optimization:

Optimize API requests to prevent excessive calls.

Minimize unnecessary CSS and JavaScript code to improve loading speed.

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1.4. Timeline

A timeline for a project to develop a revenue insights dashboard for the

hospitality domain could vary depending on the specific scope, complexity,
and resources available. However, a possible general timeline could include
the following stages:

Here's a general timeline for the phases of developing a weather forecast web
application using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Keep in mind that the timeline can
vary based on the complexity of your project, your experience level, and other
factors. This timeline assumes a straightforward project structure and development
process.

Phase 1: Project Setup and Planning (1-2 weeks)

Define the project scope, objectives, and features.

Create a detailed plan outlining tasks, dependencies, and deadlines.
Set up your project directory, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files.
Initialize version control to track changes.

Phase 2:HTML Structure and Initial Styling (2-3 weeks)

Design the basic layout of the web page using HTML tags.
Set up input fields for location selection.
Create containers for displaying weather information.
Apply basic CSS styling for layout, fonts, and colors.

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Phase 3: JavaScript Implementation (3-4 weeks)

Write JavaScript functions to handle user interactions and data retrieval.

Implement API integration to fetch weather data.
Display the retrieved data for current weather and forecast.
Handle user input validation and error messages.

Phase 4: Current Weather Display (4-5 weeks)

Implement functions to update the current weather section.

Display temperature, weather description, humidity, wind speed, and icons.
Test the functionality with various locations and weather conditions

Phase 5: Testing and Debugging (3-4 days)

Test the web application on different browsers and devices.

Verify data accuracy and functionality in various scenarios.
Identify and fix functional and visual bugs.

Phase 6: Documentation and Final Touches (1-2 days)

Write user instructions for using the web app.

Add comments to your JavaScript code for clarity.
Create a README file detailing the project and setup process.
Make final adjustments to the UI and responsiveness.

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Chapter 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

Functional Requirements Functional requirements are the requirements that

describe the functionalities of the system elements. It may involve functional
user requirements or functional system requirements. For example: The operator
shall be able to input the region to the system to view the desired weather
parameters. The system shall provide the following weather parameters:
temperature, pressure, wind speed ,date / time and humidity.

2.1 ANALYSIS STUDY

1. Lower Installation Charges:

We neither require any high-configuration systems for the smooth running of the
server program nor do we require any high-configuration systems for the smooth
running of a client program. This application is designed with ease to support any
ordinary system having an internet connection.

2. Secured and Reliable:

The reliability of the system is to make sure the website does not go offline

3. Availability:

The availability of the system is that the website will be active on the Internet
and people will be able to browse it

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2.1.2 Feasibility Study

All projects are feasible if they have unlimited resources and infinite time. But the
development of software is plagued by the scarcity of resources and difficult
delivery rates. It is necessary and prudent to evaluate the feasibility of a project at
the earliest possible time. The three considerations are involved in the feasibility
analysis.

2.1.3 Technical Feasibility

Technical feasibility centres on the existing mobile system (hardware,

software…etc) and to what extent it can support the proposed addition if the budget
is a serious constraint, then the project is judged not feasible. The technical
feasibilities are an important role in our project because here we’re using
HTML,CSS and JavaScript . It requires Visual Studio Code(software) to develop
this application. A easily available software and easy to use.

2.1.4 Economical Feasibility

This procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a
candidate system and compare them with cost. If the benefits outweigh the cost
then the decision is made to design and implement the system. Otherwise, further
justification or alterations in proposed systems have to be made if it is having a
chance of being approved. This is an ongoing effort that improves any feasibility
costs spent on this project because here we’re using open-source environments.

2.1.5 Operational Feasibility

People are inherently resistant to change and mobiles have been known to facilitate
change. There is no need of technical background is required to work on the
application. All the information needed can be seen with just one click.

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2.2 Existing Solutions

In the realm of weather prediction apps, a variety of options are available to users,
some of the notable ones being AccuWeather, The Weather Channel, and Dark
Sky. These applications offer a diverse array of features aimed at providing users
with comprehensive weather forecasts. These features encompass detailed insights
into upcoming weather conditions, interactive maps for visualizing weather
patterns, and timely alerts for severe weather occurrences. Despite the
commendable accuracy of the data they offer, a persistent hurdle revolves around
effectively presenting this wealth of information in a manner that is user-friendly
and intuitive.

While these existing apps undoubtedly deliver reliable forecasts, their user
interfaces can sometimes be overwhelming. Navigating through intricate layouts
and numerous options can impede users' ability to swiftly access the specific
information they seek. The challenge extends to accommodating varying user
preferences – not all users require the same level of detail in their forecasts.
Regrettably, customization options are often constrained, potentially leaving users
grappling with an excess of data that might not be pertinent to their needs.

Simplifying the comprehension of intricate weather data also emerges as a

noteworthy concern. Transforming complex meteorological information into easily
digestible
insights is pivotal for users to make informed decisions. This entails a delicate
balance between offering in-depth data and presenting it in a manner that doesn't
overwhelm or confuse users.

While these existing apps have demonstrated their credibility in providing reliable
data, there's a persistent drive to further enhance the precision of weather
predictions. This is particularly vital for localized forecasts and forecasting
challenging weather events.
Striking the right equilibrium between sending timely notifications about weather
changes and avoiding inundating users with excessive alerts is also a matter of
importance.

Moreover, accessibility remains a critical consideration. Ensuring that these apps

cater to all users, including those with varying abilities, is imperative. The
challenge is to create an inclusive user experience that doesn't exclude anyone from
benefiting from the app's functionality.

In conclusion, the current landscape of weather prediction apps boasts remarkable

offerings such as AccuWeather, The Weather Channel, and Dark Sky.
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Nevertheless, the persistent challenge lies in refining the presentation of data to

offer a user-friendly and accommodating experience. As this report's Weather
Prediction App sets out to address these very challenges, it strives to amalgamate
reliable weather forecasts with an accessible and intuitive interface, thereby
catering to a broad spectrum of user needs.

USER REQUIREMENTS

The system specifications that a user may want are as follows: 1. It should be easy
to understand 2. Must be interactive 3. Should provide a good user interface 4.
Security should be maintained

FINAL REQUIREMENTS

User Oriented: A system should be more user friendly not from the technical
point of view Better.

GUI: All the elements used in the system should be interactive in nature so that its
look and feel are not so boring that the user could get bored while using it.

Reliability: The system should be reliable and fast in processing

Data security: Access to the organizational data is not to be granted to any

unknown person who is not a part of the transaction

Confidentiality: Whatever the user is providing to the organization, the user has
the full rights to modify it and it could be not be accessed/modified without the
user's permission.

Better Management of information: All the information should be managed

so that is the flow of the information is to be in the right track.

Presentation: The content that is to be presented to the user is to be presented in

such a way that is self explanatory to the user and he/she is satisfied with the data.

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2.3 Bibliometric Analysis

A thorough bibliometric analysis sheds light on the predominant research themes

within the domain of weather prediction apps. Notably, scholarly attention
converges on three key areas: data integration, prediction accuracy enhancement,
and user experience enrichment.

Data Integration: The analysis indicates that a significant portion of research

delves into seamlessly integrating data from diverse sources into weather
prediction apps. This involves amalgamating data from satellites, ground-based
weather stations, and even crowd-sourced information. The objective is to create a
comprehensive and holistic data ecosystem that contributes to more precise and
localized weather forecasts.

Prediction Accuracy Improvement: Another major focal point of research

pertains to bolstering the accuracy of weather predictions. This is achieved through
a manifold of techniques, with machine learning taking center stage. Leveraging
historical weather data, these algorithms iteratively refine their forecasting models,
leading to more

Dependable predictions. The integration of artificial intelligence is indeed

transforming the landscape of weather prediction, enabling forecasts that are
increasingly reliable and relevant.

User Experience Enhancement: A compelling observation emerging from

the bibliometric analysis is the paramount significance attached to enhancing user
experience. Researchers and developers alike are actively exploring ways to
present complex weather data in an accessible and comprehensible manner. User-
centric designs, intuitive interfaces, and customizable features are being explored
to cater to diverse user needs, making weather information more readily
understandable and actionable.

Data Assimilation Methods: In the realm of prediction accuracy, data

assimilation methods have gained considerable traction. These techniques
amalgamate real-time observational data with existing model predictions, creating
a synergistic fusion that improves the accuracy of forecasts. The integration of
observational data from various sources enriches the model's understanding of
current weather conditions, leading to more informed predictions.

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Review Summary

A comprehensive review of existing weather apps highlights their significant

contributions in delivering valuable weather data to users. These apps have become
indispensable tools for accessing forecasts, interactive maps, and alerts. However,
this review also underscores several areas that offer opportunities for improvement
within the weather app landscape.

User Experience Enhancement: While existing weather apps provide a

wealth of data, there is a consistent theme of user experience improvement. Many
of these apps, despite their robust functionality, struggle with creating intuitive and
user-friendly interfaces. Navigating through complex data can be challenging for
users, leading to frustration and reduced engagement.

Customization Potential: Another notable observation is the potential for

enhancing user customization. Many users have diverse preferences when it comes
to the level of detail they seek in forecasts. Existing apps often lack the flexibility
to tailor the information according to individual needs. This limitation can result in
users being inundated with data that might not be relevant to their immediate
interests.

Prediction Accuracy: While the accuracy of weather predictions has

undoubtedly improved, there is ongoing scope for further enhancement. In
particular, localized
forecasts and the prediction of rapidly changing weather events remain areas of
interest. The pursuit of greater precision remains an evolving challenge.

Timely Notifications: The review also underscores the significance of timely

notifications. Weather conditions can change rapidly, and users depend on these
apps to provide real-time alerts for sudden shifts. Many apps, however, struggle to
deliver notifications promptly, which can hinder users' ability to respond
effectively to changing weather.
In conclusion, existing weather apps have carved out a crucial niche in delivering
weather information to a wide user base. However, there is a clear consensus that
the domains of user experience, customization, prediction accuracy, and timely
notifications offer opportunities for refinement. As the Weather Prediction App
takes shape, it aims to address these very aspects by presenting data in an
accessible manner, offering customization options, striving for precise predictions,
and ensuring users receive timely alerts, thereby setting a new standard for weather
prediction app excellence.

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2.5 Problem Definition

The main challenge we're addressing in this report is to create a weather app that
does the following things:

Accurate Weather Predictions: We're aiming to develop a system that can

accurately predict the weather. This means using advanced techniques to make sure
the forecasts are as close to the real weather as possible.

Easy for Everyone: We want the app to be easy for anyone to use. Whether
you're a tech expert or not, you should be able to open the app and understand what
the weather will be like without any confusion.

Modern User Needs: People nowadays rely on their phones for quick
information. We want to make an app that gives you the weather info you need in
an instant. This way, you can plan your day or activities without any delays.

Quick Updates: Weather can change suddenly, so we want the app to give you
timely updates. If the weather is about to change dramatically, the app should let
you know so you can be prepared.

Trustworthy Information: Sometimes, existing apps might not be very

accurate, and that can cause problems. We want to build an app that people can
trust. When it says it's going to rain or be sunny, you can count on it. In a nutshell,
our goal is to make a weather app that's reliable, easy to use, and helps you get the
weather information you need, whenever you need it.

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2.6 Goals/Objectives
The Weather Prediction App is designed with specific objectives to meet the needs
of users effectively-

Accurate and Timely Forecasts: The foremost goal is to supply users with
reliable and up-to-date weather forecasts. The app aims to offer predictions that are
precise and aligned with real-world weather conditions.

Intuitive and Visual Appeal: The app's interface will be intuitive and visually
pleasing. Users should be able to easily navigate and understand the information
presented without any confusion.

Customizable Features: Recognizing the diversity of user preferences, the app

will provide customizable features. Users can personalize the app to display the
weather data that matters most to them, tailoring their experience.

Enhanced User Experience: The app intends to elevate user experience

through interactive elements. This might include features like interactive maps,
informative visuals, and user-friendly interactions, making the experience engaging
and informative.

Compatibility Across Devices: The app will be developed to function

seamlessly across different devices, including smartphones, tablets, and computers.
Ensuring compatibility with various web browsers guarantees that users can access
the app with ease.

In essence, the Weather Prediction App aims to provide accurate forecasts

promptly while offering an interface that is easy to use, customizable, engaging,
and accessible across a variety of devices and platforms.

This project will serve the following objectives:-

1. Provides the user with an easy and friendly interface
2. Provides the user with the temperature of a particular region
3. It will also show humidity, wind speed and cloud.

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JUSTIFICATION AND NEED FOR THE SYSTEM

Weather is something everybody deals with, and accurate data about it like what is
coming can help users to make informed decisions. With weather apps for iOS and
Android, people can exactly know when to expect a change in the weather
conditions. Weather apps can give urgent alerts too. Undoubtedly, weather
forecasting has come a long way, helping people to know about weather
conditions. So, if you are in an area where weather frequently changes from sunny
to torrential rain in a matter of minutes, then what is the easiest way to make sure
to be prepared? A suitable answer is a weather application

Advantages of the system

1. Real Time Data:One of the biggest advantages of weather monitoring

systems and also the reason why people have been going in for weather stations is
because of the ability to get their information in real-time.

2. Accurate Local Forecast: In reality, the meteorological department may be

located far from your home and weather forecasts are made for regions, not a
specific area. That’s a reason why in these instances, the weather predictions that
they give are not always the most accurate.

3. Ease Of Use: Ease to use is definitely a big advantage of the weather

monitoring system. Weather stations like all other weather devices are designed to
be efficient and straightforward, therefore, everyone can use them. It is so
convenient and comfortable for users to get the most accurate information in the
simplest way possible.

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Chapter 3

DESIGN FLOW/PROCESS

3.1 Evaluation & Selection of Specifications/Features

User-Centric Approach: The process begins by closely examining user requirements

and feedback, ensuring the app caters to their specific needs effectively.

Market Research: An analysis of market trends and user expectations is conducted to

identify features that are relevant and in-demand.

Feasibility Assessment: Each potential feature is assessed for technical feasibility,

considering the capabilities of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, as well as resource
availability.

Goal Alignment: Features are chosen judiciously to align with the project's goals,
emphasizing accuracy, usability, customization, and cross-device compatibility.

Resource Consideration: Resource constraints, including time and budget, are taken
into account to ensure that selected features can be realistically implemented.

User-Centric Prioritization: Features are prioritized based on their significance to

users, ensuring that the most critical functionalities are implemented first.

User Feedback: We listen to what potential users are saying. Their suggestions and
needs guide our feature selection process.

User Surveys: We conduct surveys to gather data on what users expect from a weather
app. This data shapes our feature choices.

Competitor Analysis: We study other weather apps to see what features they offer. This
helps us stay competitive and meet user expectations.

Technical Feasibility: We evaluate if we have the technical capability to implement

certain features using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

Resource Allocation: We consider our available resources, such as time and budget, to
ensure we can deliver the selected features effectively.

Core Goals: We prioritize features that align with the core objectives of the app, like
providing accurate forecasts and an easy-to-use interface.

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User Impact: We focus on features that will have the most significant positive impact on
the user experience, making sure they are at the forefront of our design.

Iterative Process: Feature selection is not a one-time decision; it's an ongoing, iterative
process that evolves based on user feedback and changing needs.

3.2 Design Constraints

Identifying and addressing potential constraints that might impact the design and
development process is crucial to ensure a successful project. Here are some key design
constraints:

Technical Limitations: Understanding the limitations of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript is

essential. These technologies have constraints in terms of what they can achieve, and we
must work within these boundaries.

Compatibility: Ensuring the app works seamlessly across different web browsers and
devices can be a constraint. We need to account for variations in browser capabilities and
screen sizes.

Resource Constraints: Availability of resources, including time, budget, and manpower,

can impact the design process. We must plan accordingly to stay within these constraints.

Data Availability: The accuracy of weather predictions relies on the availability of real-
time data. If data sources are limited or unreliable, it can constrain the app's performance.

Security: Implementing robust security measures to protect user data is a constraint that
must not be overlooked. Security considerations can impact the design and development
process.

User Accessibility: Ensuring that the app is accessible to users with disabilities is a
constraint that needs to be addressed to meet ethical and legal requirements.

Regulatory Compliance: Depending on the regions in which the app will be used, there
might be regulatory constraints related to data privacy, weather reporting, or other factors
that need to be adhered to.

Scalability: The app's design must consider scalability to accommodate potential growth
in users and data volume over time.

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Usability: Design constraints related to creating an intuitive and user-friendly interface

must be carefully considered. The app should be easy to navigate and understand.

Feedback Loop: Incorporating user feedback and making necessary adjustments can be
a constraint in terms of development timelines and resources.

Testing: Rigorous testing, including compatibility testing, performance testing, and user
testing, is essential but can be a constraint in terms of time and resources.

Addressing these constraints early in the design process is essential to ensure a smooth
and successful development process for the Weather Prediction App.

3.3 Analysis of Features and finalization subject to constraints

This phase is crucial as it involves a thorough examination of the selected features while
taking into account various constraints. The aim is to make well-informed decisions
regarding their implementation:

Technical Feasibility Assessment: Each feature is scrutinized to determine if it can be

realistically developed using the chosen technologies, such as HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript. This assessment ensures that the selected features align with the capabilities
of the development stack.

Resource Allocation Considerations: An evaluation of how each feature fits within the
project's available resources, including time, budget, and manpower, is conducted.
Features are prioritized based on their alignment with these constraints to ensure efficient
utilization of resources.

Compatibility Evaluation: Features are analyzed for compatibility with different web
browsers and devices. Prioritization is given to those features that can be seamlessly
implemented across various platforms, addressing compatibility constraints.

Data Availability Review: For features dependent on real-time data, an assessment of

data availability and reliability is performed. Features are selected with consideration of
the constraints related to data access, ensuring the availability of accurate and timely
information.

Security Constraints: Features are closely examined to ensure they adhere to security
constraints and best practices. Priority is given to those features that can be implemented
securely, safeguarding user data and privacy.

26
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Accessibility Assessment: An evaluation is conducted to confirm that selected features

meet accessibility constraints, ensuring that the app is usable by individuals with
disabilities and aligns with accessibility standards.

Regulatory Compliance: Features are reviewed for compliance with relevant

regulations, such as data privacy laws or weather reporting standards. Features that align
with these constraints are prioritized to ensure legal compliance.

Scalability Considerations: Each feature is assessed for its impact on the app's
scalability. Features are selected with scalability constraints in mind, ensuring that they
can handle potential growth in users and data volume.

Usability Analysis: Features are evaluated based on their impact on usability. Priority is
given to those features that enhance the overall user experience and maintain an intuitive
interface, addressing usability constraints.

Feedback Loop Establishment: A feedback loop is established to continuously assess

feature performance and gather user input for necessary adjustments. This iterative
process ensures that features align with user expectations and constraints throughout
development.

By systematically analyzing features within the context of technical feasibility, resource

allocation, compatibility, data availability, security, accessibility, regulatory compliance,
scalability, usability, and feedback, the development team can make informed decisions
about which features to prioritize and implement in the Weather Prediction App. This
process ensures that the selected features align with the project's goals while addressing
potential challenges and constraints.

27
`

3.4 Software requirements

Platform Platform Independent

The Operating System Windows 11
Framework Bootstrap

Front-End Tool Google Chrome

API OpenWeatherMap

3.4 Hardware Requirements

Processor Intel Pentium IV 2.9 GHz Other

RAM Minimum 4 GB

Graphics Integrated graphics card

Hard Disk Minimum 500 GB

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`

3.5 System Requirements To know the detailed system requirements an SRS has
to be prepared. Software requirement specification abbreviated as SRS is a means of
translating the idea of files into a formal document. The main features of SRS include:
• Establishing the basis for an agreement between the client and the developer.
• Producing a reference for validation of the final product. SRS assist clients in
determining if the software meets their requirements.
Mainly there are six requirements which an SRS must satisfy
(a) It should specify the external behaviour.
(b) It should specify the constraints.
(c) It should be easy to change.
(d) It should be a reference tool.
(e) It should record throughout the lifecycle.
(f) It should have the capacity to expect an undesired event.

Functional Requirements
Functional requirements are the requirements that describe the functionalities of the
system elements. It may involve Functional user requirements or Functional system
requirements. For example: The operator shall be able to input the region to the system
to view the desired weather parameters. The system shall provide the following
weather parameters: temperature, pressure, wind speed & direction, rainfall, and
humidity.

3.6 Design Requirements

The main objectives of input design are:
(a) Controlling the amount of input.
(b) Keeping the process simple.
(c) The best thing in the input design is to achieve all the objectives mentioned in the
simplest manner possible.
The main objectives of output design are:
(a) Identifying the specific outputs. The primary goal of the system analysis is to
improve the efficiency of the existing system. For that the study of specification
of the requirements is very essential. For the development of the new system, a
preliminary survey of the existing system will be conducted. Investigation done
whether the upgradation of the system into an application program could solve the
problems and eradicate the inefficiency of the existing system

29
`

3.5 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD)

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through
an information system, modelling its process aspects. Often they are a preliminary step
used to create an overview of the system which can later be elaborated. DFDs can also
be used for the visualization of data processing (structured design).

A DFD shows what kinds of information will be input into and output from the
system, where the data will come from and go to, and where the data will be stored. It
does not show information about the timing of processes, or information about whether
processes will operate in sequence or in parallel (which is shown on a

30
`

A DFD shows what kinds of information will be input into and output from the
system, where the data will come from and go to, and where the data will be stored. It
does not show information about the timing of processes, or information about whether
processes will operate in sequence or in parallel (which is shown on a flowchart)

3.6. DESIGN APPROACH

Model-View-Controller
MVC is an application design model comprised of three interconnected parts.
They include the
➢ Model (data),
➢ View (user interface).
➢ Controller (processes that handle input).
➢ Commonly used for developing modern user interfaces.
➢ It is provides the fundamental pieces for designing a programs for web applications
It works well with object-oriented programming, since the different models,
views, and controllers can be treated as objects and reused within an
application.

31
`

Chapter 4

RESULTS ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION

4.1 Implementation of Solution

Testing is the process of evaluating a system or its component with the intent to find
whether it satisfies the specified requirement or not. Testing is executing a system in
order to identify any gaps, errors, or missing requirements in contrary to the actual
requirements. Systems should not be tested as a single, monolithic unit. The testing
process should therefore proceed in the stages where testing is carried out
incrementally in conjunction with system implementation. Errors in program
components may come to light at a later stage of the testing process. The process is
therefore an iterative one with information being fed back from later stage to
earlier parts of the process. Following Testings were done during the course of
our project.

Unit testing focuses verification efforts on the smaller unit of software design. Using the
detailed design description as a guide, important control paths are tested to
uncover errors within the boundary of the module. The relative complexity of the test
and the error detected as a result is limited by the constraint scope established for
unit testing. The unit test is always white box oriented, and the step can be
conducted in parallel for multiple modules
• Tested individual python file by debugging and using print statement.
• Individual Component rendering.

4.2 Integration Testing

With unit testing the modules may function properly, but at times they may have
inadvertent affect on another, sub function when combined, may not produce the
desired functions; individually acceptable impression may be signed to unacceptable
levels then global data structure may present problems. Integration testing is a
systematic technique for constructing the program structure while at the same time
conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing. The objective is to take
unit tested modules and build a program structure that has been dictated by the design.

32
`

4.3 Operating System

Platform Independent: Since the project is done completely in HTML, CSS and
JavaScript, it also executes the main properties of the language. The application is
platform-independent.

4.4 Languages used

HTML

The HyperText Markup Language or HTML is the standard markup language for
documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies
such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript. Web
browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render
the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page
semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.

CSS

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It is a style sheet language which is used to
describe the look and formatting of a document written in markup language. It provides
an additional feature to HTML. It is generally used with HTML to change the style of
web pages and user interfaces. It can also be used with any kind of XML documents
including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is used along with HTML and JavaScript in
most websites to create user interfaces for web applications and user interfaces for many
mobile applications.

JavaScript

JavaScript is a dynamic computer programming language. It is lightweight and most

commonly used as a part of web pages, whose implementations allow client-side script to
interact with the user and make dynamic pages. It is an interpreted programming
language with object-oriented capabilities.
JavaScript was first known as LiveScript, but Netscape changed its name to JavaScript,
possibly because of the excitement being generated by Java. JavaScript made its first
appearance in Netscape 2.0 in 1995 with the name LiveScript. The general-purpose core
of the language has been embedded in Netscape, Internet Explorer, and other web
browsers.

33
`

4.4 CODING

HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>Weather App</title>

<!-- Link Font -->

<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" />
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin />
<link
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Merriweather+Sans:wght@300;400;50
0;600;700&display=swap"
rel="stylesheet"
/>

<!-- Link Script -->

<script src="./script.js" defer></script>

<!-- Link CSS -->

<link rel="stylesheet" href="./style2.css" />
</head>
<body>
<!-- Wrapper -->
<div class="wrapper">
<h1>Weather App</h1>
<div class="tabContainer">
<p class="tab currentTab" data-userWeather>Your Weather</p>
<p class="tab" data-searchWeather>Search Weather</p>
</div>

<!-- Container -->

<div class="container">
<!-- Search Container -->
<form class="formContainer" data-searchForm>
<input
type="text"
placeholder="Search for city..."
data-searchInput
/>
<button class="btn" type="submit">
<img
src="./Images/search.png"

34
`

width="20"
height="20"
loading="lazy"
/>
</button>
</form>

<!-- Grant Location Access -->

<div class="grantLocationContainer subContainer">
<img
src="./Images/location.png"
width="80"
height="80"
loading="lazy"
/>
<p>Grant Location Access</p>
<p>Allow access to get weather information</p>
<button class="btn" data-grantAccess>Grant Access</button>
</div>

<div class="subContainer loadingContainer">

<img src="./Images/loading.jpg" width="150" height="150" />
<p>Loading</p>
</div>

<!-- Weather Info -->

<div class="userInfoContainer subContainer">
<div class="name">
<p data-cityName></p>
<img data-countryFlag />
</div>

<p data-weatherDesc></p>
<img data-weatherIcon />

<p data-temp></p>

<div class="parameterContainer">
<!-- Wind Speed -->
<div class="parameter">
<img src="Images/windspeed.png" alt="#" />
<p>windspeed</p>
<p class="parameterValue" data-windspeed></p>
</div>

<!-- Humidity -->

<div class="parameter">
<img src="Images/humidity.png" alt="#" />

35
`

<p>humidity</p>
<p class="parameterValue" data-humidity></p>
</div>

<!-- Wind Speed -->

<div class="parameter">
<img src="Images/clouds.png" alt="#" />
<p>clouds</p>
<p class="parameterValue" data-clouds></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<!-- Location Not Found -->

<div class="errorContainer subContainer">
<img src="./Images/notfound.jpg" data-errorImg />
<p data-errorText></p>
<button class="btn" data-errorButton>Retry Now</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

CSS
*,
*::before,
*::after {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif;
}

:root {
--colorDark1: #112d4e;
--colorDark2: #3f72af;
--colorLight1: #dbe2ef;
--colorLight2: #f9f7f7;
}

.wrapper {
height: 100vh;
width: 100vw;
overflow: hidden;
color: var(--colorLight2);

36
`

background-color: #112d4e;
background-image: linear-gradient(160deg, #112d4e 0%, #3f72af 100%);
}

/* Heading and Tab Container

*/
h1 {
text-align: center;
text-transform: uppercase;
word-spacing: 2px;
letter-spacing: 1.75px;
margin-block: 2rem;
}

.tabContainer {
width: 90%;
max-width: 550px;
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
margin: 0 auto;
margin-top: 2rem;
}

.tab {
cursor: pointer;
font-size: 0.875rem;
letter-spacing: 1.75px;
padding: 5px 8px;
text-transform: capitalize;
/* font-weight: 600; */
}

.tab.currentTab {
background-color: rgba(219, 226, 239, 0.5);
border-radius: 4px;
}

/* Tab Container Ends */

/* Main Container */
.container {
margin-block: 4rem;
}

.btn {
all: unset;
font-size: 0.85rem;
text-transform: uppercase;

37
`

padding: 10px 30px;

border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
background-color: var(--colorDark2);
}

.subContainer {
width: 90%;
max-width: 1000px;
margin: 0 auto;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
}

/* Form Container */
.formContainer {
width: 90%;
max-width: 550px;
margin: 0 auto;
margin-bottom: 2rem;
display: none;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
gap: 0 10px;
}

.formContainer.active {
display: flex;
}

.formContainer input {
all: unset;
width: calc(100% - 80px);
height: 40px;
padding: 0 20px;
background-color: rgba(219, 226, 239, 0.5);
border-radius: 10px;
}

.formContainer input:focus {
outline: 3px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
}

.formContainer input::placeholder {
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
}

38
`

.formContainer .btn {
width: 40px;
height: 40px;
/* display: grid;
place-items: center; */
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
padding: unset;
border-radius: 100%;
}

.form-container .btn img {

object-fit: contain;
}

/* Form Container End */

/* grant Location */
.grantLocationContainer {
display: none;
}

.grantLocationContainer.active {
display: flex;
}

.grantLocationContainer img {
margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.grantLocationContainer p:first-of-type {
font-weight: 600;
font-size: 1.75rem;
text-align: center;
}

.grantLocationContainer p:first-of-type {
font-weight: 600;
font-size: 1.75rem;
text-align: center;
}

.grantLocationContainer p:last-of-type {
font-size: 0.75rem;
text-align: center;
margin-top: 0.75rem;
margin-bottom: 1.75rem;

39
`

font-weight: 300;
letter-spacing: 0.75px;
}

/* Grant Location End */

.loadingContainer {
display: none;
}

.loadingContainer.active {
display: flex;
}

.loadingContainer p {
text-transform: uppercase;
}

.userInfoContainer {
display: none;
}

.userInfoContainer.active {
display: flex;
}

.userInfoContainer p {
font-size: 1.5rem;
font-weight: 200;
}

.userInfoContainer img {
height: 70px;
width: 70px;
}

.name {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 0 0.5rem;
margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
}

.name img {
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
object-fit: contain;
}

40
`

.userInfoContainer p[data-temp] {
font-size: 2.25rem;
font-weight: 700;
}

.userInfoContainer p[data-weatherDesc] {
text-transform: capitalize;
font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.parameterContainer {
width: 90%;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
gap: 10px 20px;
margin: 1.6rem auto 0;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.parameter {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
flex-direction: column;
background-color: rgba(219, 226, 239, 0.5);
padding: 0.8rem;
border-radius: 5px;
width: 30%;
max-width: 200px;
gap: 5px 0;
}

.parameter p {
font-size: 1rem;
font-size: 600;
text-transform: uppercase;
}

.parameter img {
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
object-fit: cover;
}

.parameterValue {
font-size: 0.8rem;
font-weight: 200;

41
`

.errorContainer {
display: none;
}

.errorContainer.active {
display: flex;
gap: 1rem 0;
}

.errorContainer p {
text-align: center;
}

.errorContainer img {
width: 100%;
max-width: 300px;
aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
object-fit: cover;
}

JavaScript
// API Key
const API_KEY = "168771779c71f3d64106d8a88376808a";

// Tab Switching
const userTab = document.querySelector("[data-userWeather]");
const searchTab = document.querySelector("[data-searchWeather]");
const searchForm = document.querySelector("[data-searchForm]");
const userInfoContainer = document.querySelector(".userInfoContainer");
const grantAccessContainer = document.querySelector(
".grantLocationContainer"
);
const loadingContainer = document.querySelector('.loadingContainer');

const notFound = document.querySelector('.errorContainer');

const errorBtn = document.querySelector('[data-errorButton]');
const errorText = document.querySelector('[data-errorText]');
const errorImage = document.querySelector('[data-errorImg]');

let currentTab = userTab;

currentTab.classList.add("currentTab");
getFromSessionStorage();
// console.log(userTab);
// console.log(searchTab);

42
`

function switchTab(newTab) {
notFound.classList.remove("active");
// check if newTab is already selected or not
if (currentTab != newTab) {
currentTab.classList.remove("currentTab");
currentTab = newTab;
currentTab.classList.add("currentTab");

// Check which TAb is Selected - search / your

// If Search Form not contains active class then add [Search Weather]
if (!searchForm.classList.contains("active")) {
searchForm.classList.add("active");
userInfoContainer.classList.remove("active");
grantAccessContainer.classList.remove("active");
}
// Your Weather
else {
searchForm.classList.remove("active");
userInfoContainer.classList.remove("active");
getFromSessionStorage();
}
}
}

userTab.addEventListener('click', () => {
switchTab(userTab);
});

searchTab.addEventListener('click', () => {
switchTab(searchTab);
});

function getFromSessionStorage() {
const localCoordinates = sessionStorage.getItem("userCoordinates");
// console.log(localCoordinates);

// Local Coordinates Not present - Grant Access Container

if (!localCoordinates) {
grantAccessContainer.classList.add('active');
}
else {
const coordinates = JSON.parse(localCoordinates);
fetchWeatherInfo(coordinates);
}
}

43
`

async function fetchWeatherInfo(coordinates) {

const { lat, lon } = coordinates;
// Remove Active Class from the Grant access Container
grantAccessContainer.classList.remove('active');

// loading
loadingContainer.classList.add('active');

// try - catch Block

try {
const response = await
fetch(`https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?lat=${lat}&lon=${lon}&appid=${A
PI_KEY}&units=metric`);

const data = await response.json();

if (!data.sys) {
throw data;
}
loadingContainer.classList.remove('active');
userInfoContainer.classList.add('active');
renderWeatherInfo(data);
}
catch (err) {
loadingContainer.classList.remove('active');
notFound.classList.add('active');
errorImage.style.display = 'none';
errorText.innerText = `Error: ${err?.message}`;
errorBtn.style.display = 'block';
errorBtn.addEventListener("click", fetchWeatherInfo);
}
}

// Render Weather On UI
function renderWeatherInfo(weatherInfo) {
const cityName = document.querySelector('[data-cityName]');
const countryFlag = document.querySelector('[data-countryFlag]');
const description = document.querySelector('[data-weatherDesc]');
const weatherIcon = document.querySelector('[data-weatherIcon]');
const temp = document.querySelector('[data-temp]');
const windspeed = document.querySelector('[data-windspeed]');
const humidity = document.querySelector('[data-humidity]');
const clouds = document.querySelector('[data-clouds]');

cityName.innerText = weatherInfo?.name;
countryFlag.src =
`https://flagcdn.com/144x108/${weatherInfo?.sys?.country.toLowerCase()}.png`;
description.innerText = weatherInfo?.weather?.[0]?.description;

44
`

weatherIcon.src =
`http://openweathermap.org/img/w/${weatherInfo?.weather?.[0]?.icon}.png`;
temp.innerText = `${weatherInfo?.main?.temp.toFixed(2)} °C`;
windspeed.innerText = `${weatherInfo?.wind?.speed.toFixed(2)} m/s`;
humidity.innerText = `${weatherInfo?.main?.humidity.toFixed(2)} %`;
clouds.innerText = `${weatherInfo?.clouds?.all.toFixed(2)} %`;
}

const grantAccessButton = document.querySelector('[data-grantAccess]');

function getLocation() {
if (navigator.geolocation) {
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(showPosition);
}
else {
grantAccessButton.style.display = 'none';
}
}

function showPosition(position) {
const userCoordinates = {
lat: position.coords.latitude,
lon: position.coords.longitude
};
sessionStorage.setItem("userCoordinates", JSON.stringify(userCoordinates));
fetchWeatherInfo(userCoordinates);
}

grantAccessButton.addEventListener('click', getLocation);

// Search for weather

const searchInput = document.querySelector('[data-searchInput]');

searchForm.addEventListener('submit', (e) => {

e.preventDefault();
if (searchInput.value === "") {
return;
}
// console.log(searchInput.value);
fetchSearchWeatherInfo(searchInput.value);
searchInput.value = "";
});

async function fetchSearchWeatherInfo(city) {

loadingContainer.classList.add("active");
userInfoContainer.classList.remove("active");

45
`

grantAccessContainer.classList.remove("active");
notFound.classList.remove("active");
try {
const response = await
fetch(`https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=${city}&appid=${API_KEY}&unit
s=metric`);

const data = await response.json();

if (!data.sys) {
throw data;
}
loadingContainer.classList.remove('active');
userInfoContainer.classList.add('active');
renderWeatherInfo(data);
}
catch (err) {
loadingContainer.classList.remove('active');
userInfoContainer.classList.remove('active');
notFound.classList.add('active');
errorText.innerText = `${err?.message}`;
errorBtn.style.display = "none";
}
}

46
`

47
`

Chapter 5

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

5.1 CONCLUSION

This research suggests and proposes an efficient and accurate weather prediction and
forecasting model using linear regression concept. This concept is a part of machine
learning. It is a very efficient weather prediction model and using the entities
temperature, humidity and pressure, it can be used to make reliable weather
predictions. This model also facilitates decision making in day to day life. It can yield
even better results when applied to cleaner and larger datasets. Pre- processing of the
datasets is effective in the prediction as unprocessed data can also affect the efficiency
of the model.

Now a day’s there is a big demand of different types of applications, which is because
IT has become the main part of our New World. There is a big need of different
applications. People want application for every specific task from work to
entertainment. We have developed the application “Weather WebApp” which
works easy on any given web browser. The application has been tested and found
to be working as per the given criteria. It can be safely concluded that the
application possesses a highly efficient UI system and is working properly and
meeting to all the requirements of the user. The application gives the user maximum
flexibility in the types of touch and other device movements.

In summary, weather forecasts are increasingly accurate and useful, and their benefits
extend widely across the economy. While much has been accomplished in improving weather
forecasts, there remains much room for improvement. The forecasting community is working
closely with multiple stakeholders to ensure that forecasts and warnings meet their
specific needs. Simultaneously, they are developing new technologies and
observational networks that can enhance forecaster skill and the value of their
services to their users.

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5.2 FUTURE SCOPE

Opportunities exist for increasing forecast skill at all time ranges. However, realizing
these opportunities will require further research, close international cooperation and
coordination, improved observations of the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface, and
the incorporation of these observations into numerical models. Also, benefit will be
derived from higher spatial resolution of numerical models; increasingly powerful
supercomputers; wider use and improvement of model ensembles; the development of
data mining and visualization methods that enable forecasters to make better use of
model guidance; and collaborative forecast development activities among operational
forecasters and researchers.Beyond improving the forecast itself, improvement in the
communication and best use of forecast information is also needed. Research
integratingsocial science is key in identifying opportunities for future advances. For
example, research conducted by social scientists across multiple disciplines has found
that delivering weather warnings across multiple media increases the likelihood that
people will get and act upon this information. Scholars have conducted numerous
studies on different public groups about perceptions of risk and uncertainty. They are
also working to explore the relative value of effective communication of accurate
weather forecasts to appropriate decision-makers. Collaborative research with social
scientists will also enable forecasters to codify best practices in forecasting
philosophy, communication, and training amidst rapid technological change. An
increase in the presence and use of social media is contributing to additional avenues
for providing weather information and collecting real-time observations.

Scope of Weather Prediction

• Our system will only provide weather prediction of All the countries and state.
• Prediction will be done based on current weather activities like based on
present temperature, wind, etc.

Future Enhancement

• Our system does have weather information for foreign countries or cities.
• Addition of new cities weather dataset to predict there future weather also.
• Addition of new Indices.

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`

BIBLOGRAPHY

• http://www.w3schools.com
• http:// www .stackoverflow.com
• http://wikipedia.com

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