AQA

GCSC
CHEMISTRY
Atomic Structure and the Periodic table
Periodic Table 2

Time allowed
70 minutes

QUESTION PAPER

Score Percentage

/59 %
4.1 | CELL BIOLOGY | QUESTION PAPER 1 1
Q9. John Newlands was a chemist who worked in a sugar factory.

In 1866 he designed a periodic table.

He arranged the elements in order of their relative atomic masses.

He found a repeating pattern for some of the elements.

Newlands wrote, ‘the eighth element starting from a given one, is a kind of repetition of the first,
like the eighth note in an octave of music’.

H Li G Bo C N O

F Na Mg Al Si P S

Cl K Ca Cr Ti Mn Fe

Co, Ni Cu Zn Y In As Se

Br Rb Sr Ce, La Zr Di, Mo Ro, Ru

Pd Ag Cd U Sn Sb Te

I Cs Ba, V Ta W Nb Au

Pt, Ir Tl Pb Th Hg Bi Os

Newlands’ periodic table

(a) In Newlands’ periodic table, the elements lithium, sodium and potassium are grouped
together.

Give two properties of these elements which support the idea that they should be grouped
together.

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2 ......................................................................................................................

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(2)
(b) Newlands’ periodic table was not accepted by most chemists in 1866.

Suggest reasons why.

Use the Newlands’ periodic table above to help you to answer this question.
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(c) State and explain one way in which Mendeleev improved Newlands’ periodic table.

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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q8.Lithium is in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Lithium reacts with water to produce a gas and an alkaline solution.

(a) (i) Name the gas produced.

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(1)

(ii) Which ion causes the solution to be alkaline?

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(1)

(b) Potassium is also in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Potassium reacts with water in a similar way to lithium.

Write down two differences you would see between the reactions of potassium and lithium
with water.

1 ......................................................................................................................

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2 ......................................................................................................................

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(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Q7.In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev produced his periodic table of the elements.

Mendeleev placed the alkali metals in the same group.

(a) What evidence did Mendeleev use to decide that the alkali metals should be in the same
group?

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(1)

(b) Describe how the elements in the modern periodic table are arranged:

(i) in terms of protons

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(1)

(ii) in terms of electrons.

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(1)

(c) State two properties of transition elements that make them more useful than alkali metals
for making water pipes.

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(2)
(d) Describe and explain the trend in reactivity of the alkali metals (Group 1).

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(4)
(Total 9 marks)
Q6.The positions of eight elements in the modern periodic table are shown below.

Choose the correct chemical symbols to complete each sentence.

(a) The two metals that react vigorously with water are ....................... and

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(1)

(b) The element used as a catalyst in the Haber process is ....................... .

(1)

(c) The two elements with five electrons in their outer shell (highest energy

level) are ....................... and ....................... .

(1)

(d) Iron has ions with different charges.

The other metal that has ions with different charges is ....................... .
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q5.This question is about the halogens (Group 7).

(a) How do the boiling points of the halogens change down the group from fluorine to iodine?

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(1)

(b) Sodium bromide is produced by reacting sodium with bromine.

Sodium bromide is an ionic compound.

(i) Write down the symbols of the two ions in sodium bromide.

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(1)

(ii) Chlorine reacts with sodium bromide solution to produce bromine and one other
product.

Complete the word equation for the reaction.

chlorine + sodium bromide bromine + ............................

(1)

(iii) Why does chlorine displace bromine from sodium bromide?

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(1)

(iv) Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you to answer this question.

Suggest which halogen could react with sodium chloride solution to produce
chlorine.

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(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q4.In 1866 John Newlands produced an early version of the periodic table.

Part of Newlands’ periodic table is shown below.

Column 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

H Li Be B C N O

F Na Mg Al Si P S

Cl K Ca Cr Ti Mn Fe

Newlands’ periodic table arranged all the known elements into columns in order of their atomic
weight.

Newlands was trying to show a pattern by putting the elements into columns.

(a) Iron (Fe) does not fit the pattern in column 7.

Give a reason why.

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(1)

(b) In 1869 Dmitri Mendeleev produced his version of the periodic table.

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps for undiscovered elements in his periodic table?

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(c) Newlands and Mendeleev placed the elements in order of atomic weight.

Complete the sentence.

The modern periodic table places the elements in order of

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(1)
(d) Lithium, sodium and potassium are all in Group 1 of the modern periodic table.

Explain why.

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(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q3.This question is about atomic structure and elements.

(a) Complete the sentences.

(i) The atomic number of an atom is the number of ..................................

(1)

(ii) The mass number of an atom is the number of ....................................

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(1)

(b) Explain why an atom has no overall charge.

Use the relative electrical charges of sub-atomic particles in your explanation.

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(c) Explain why fluorine and chlorine are in the same group of the periodic table.

Give the electronic structures of fluorine and chlorine in your explanation.

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(2)

(d) The diagram shows the electronic structure of an atom of a non-metal.

 What is the chemical symbol of this non-metal?

Tick ( ) one box.

Ar

Si

(1)

(e) When elements react, their atoms join with other atoms to form compounds.

Complete the sentences.

(i) Compounds formed when non-metals react with metals consist of

particles called .................................................. .

(1)

(ii) Compounds formed from only non-metals consist of

particles called ........................................ .

(1)
(Total 9 marks)
Q2.This question is about halogens and their compounds.

The table below shows the boiling points and properties of some of the elements in Group 7 of
the periodic table.

Element Boiling Colour in aqueous

point in °C solution

Fluorine −188 colourless

Chlorine −35 pale green

Bromine X orange

Iodine 184 brown

(a) Why does iodine have a higher boiling point than chlorine?

Tick one box.

Iodine is ionic and chlorine is covalent

Iodine is less reactive than chlorine

The covalent bonds between iodine atoms

are stronger

The forces between iodine molecules are

stronger

(1)

(b) Predict the boiling point of bromine.

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(1)

(c) A redox reaction takes place when aqueous chlorine is added to potassium iodide solution.

The equation for this reaction is:

Cl2(aq) + 2KI(aq) → I2 (aq) + 2KCl(aq)

 Look at table above.

What is the colour of the final solution in this reaction?

Tick one box.

Brown

Orange

Pale green

Colourless

(1)

(d) What is the ionic equation for the reaction of chlorine with potassium iodide?

Tick one box.

Cl2 + 2K → 2KCl

2I⁻ + Cl2 → I2 + 2Cl⁻

I⁻ + Cl → I + Cl⁻

I⁻ + K+ → KI

(1)

(e) Why does potassium iodide solution conduct electricity?

Tick one box.

It contains a metal

It contains electrons which can move

 It contains ions which can move

It contains water

(1)

(f) What are the products of electrolysing potassium iodide solution?

Tick one box.

Product at cathode Product at anode

hydrogen iodine

hydrogen oxygen

potassium iodine

potassium oxygen

(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q1.An atom of aluminium has the symbol

(a) Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in this atom of aluminium.

Number of protons ..........................................

Number of neutrons ..........................................

Number of electrons ..........................................

(3)

(b) Why is aluminium positioned in Group 3 of the periodic table?

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(1)

(c) In the periodic table, the transition elements and Group 1 elements are metals.

Some of the properties of two transition elements and two Group 1 elements are shown in
the table below.

Transition elements Group 1 elements

Chromium Iron Sodium Caesium

Melting point 1857 1535 98 29

in °C
CrO FeO Na2O Cs2O
Formula of Cr2O3 Fe2O3
oxides CrO2 Fe3O4

CrO3

Use your own knowledge and the data in the table above to compare the chemical and
physical properties of transition elements and Group 1 elements.

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(6)
(Total 10 marks)