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Mathematics Grade 10 Unit 5 Summarized Note

This document summarizes a mathematics unit on trigonometric functions for 10th grade students. It covers basic trigonometric functions including sine, cosine, and tangent functions. It defines angles in standard position and introduces trigonometric ratios using right triangles. Other topics include the unit circle, values of trig functions for quadrantal angles, signs of trig functions in each quadrant, and graphs of sine, cosine, and tangent functions. It also discusses reciprocal trig functions, identities, and real-life application problems.

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48 views

Mathematics Grade 10 Unit 5 Summarized Note

This document summarizes a mathematics unit on trigonometric functions for 10th grade students. It covers basic trigonometric functions including sine, cosine, and tangent functions. It defines angles in standard position and introduces trigonometric ratios using right triangles. Other topics include the unit circle, values of trig functions for quadrantal angles, signs of trig functions in each quadrant, and graphs of sine, cosine, and tangent functions. It also discusses reciprocal trig functions, identities, and real-life application problems.

Uploaded by

natigoat37
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics’ grade 10

Unit 5

Summarized note

Prepared by: Addis Ababa Education


Bureau
April,2020
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Main Contents
5.1 Basic trigonometric functions
5.2 The reciprocals of the basic trigonometric functions
5.3 Simple trigonometric identities
5.4 Real life application problems

5.1 BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

5.1.1 The Sine, Cosine and Tangent Functions.

Basic terminologies

 An angle is determined by the rotation of a ray about its vertex from an initial position to
a terminal position
Y B

A x

 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (Initial position) is called the initial side of .


 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (Terminal position) is called the terminal side of .
Angles in standard position
 An angle in the coordinate plane is said to be in standard position, if
1 its vertex is at the origin, and
2 its initial side lies on the positive x-axis.
 The angle formed by a ray rotating anticlockwise is taken to be a positive angle.
 An angle formed by a ray rotating clockwise is taken to be a negative angle.
Radian measure of angles

 The angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc equal in length to the radius is1

radian. That is  = 1 radian.

 In general, if the length of the arc is s units and the radius is r units, then  radians.

Rule 1
 To convert degrees to radians, multiply by
i.e., radians = degrees 

. Rule 1
 To convert radians to degrees, multiply by
i.e., degrees =
Example Convert 60 to radians.
.
Solution: A, 60

Example convert to degrees

Solution:
Definition of the sine, cosine and tangent functions

Definition 5.1
If is an angle in standard position and P(x,y) is a point on the terminal side of , other
than the origin O(0, 0), and r is the distance of point P from the origin O, then

sin= P(x,y)
r
y

cos=

O(0,0) x

tan=

Remember that OPQ is a right angle triangle.

(by the Pythagoras Theorem, r = √ )

Example Evaluate the sine, cosine and tangent functions of , if is in standard position and its

Terminal side contains the given point P (x , y):

a, P (– 6, – 8 )

Solution: The distance r = √ =√ =√ =√ = 10 units

sin= =

cos= =

tan= =
Activity

1. What is the value of , if is in standard position and its


terminal side contain the point p(-3 ,4).
A,
The unit circle
 The circle with center at (0, 0) and radius 1 unit is called the unit circle.
 unit circle is used to find the sine , cosine and tangent values of quadrantal angles.

Trigonometric values of 30 , 45 and 60


 to find the trigonometric values of 450 use isosceles right angle triangle .
 to find the trigonometric values of 300 and 600 use equilateral triangle.
Signs of sine, cosine and tangent functions:
 In the first quadrant all the three trigonometric functions are positive.
 In the second quadrant only sine is positive.
 In the third quadrant only tangent is positive.
 In the fourth quadrant only cosine is positive.
Functions of negative angles:
 If is an angle in standard position, then
sin() = – sin 
cos(–) = cos
tan(–) = – tan
Complementary angles:
Two angles are said to be complementary, if their sum is equal to 90 . If and β are any two
complementary angles, then
sin = cos β
cos = sin β

tan =

Reference angle :
 If is an angle in standard position whose terminal side does not lie on either
coordinate axis, then the reference angle for is the positive acute angle formed by
the terminal side of and the x-axis.
 The values of the trigonometric function of a given angle and the values of the
corresponding trigonometric functions of the reference angle R are the same in
absolute value but they may differ in sign.
Supplementary angles:
 Two angles are said to be supplementary, if their sum is equal to 180 . If is a second
quadrant angle, then its supplement will be (180 – ).
 sin = sin (180 – ),
 cos= – cos (180 – ) ,
 tan= – tan (180 – )

Co–terminal angles
 Co–terminal angles are angles in standard position that have a common terminal side.

 Given an angle , all angles which are co–terminal with are given by the formula n
(360 ), where n = 1 , 2, 3, . . .
 Co-terminal angles have the same trigonometric values.

Graphs of the Sine, Cosine and Tangent


Functions
The sine and cosine functions.
 The domain of the sine and cosine functions are the set of all real numbers
 The range of the sine and cosine function are {y | –1 ≤ y ≤ 1}
 The graph of the sine and cosine functions repeats itself every 360 or 2radians

The tangent function


 The range of the tangent function is the set of all real numbers
 The domain of the tangent function is { where n is an odd integer}

 The graph of the sine and cosine functions repeats itself every 180 or radians
5.2, THE RECIPROCAL FUNCTIONS OF THE
BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
 The reciprocals of the sine, cosine and tangent functions, named respectively as
cosecant, secant and cotangent functions.
1, cscθ =

2,

3,

5.3 SIMPLE TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES


Pythagorean identities:
 sin2+ cos2= 1
 1 + tan2= sec2
 cot2+ 1 = csc2

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