7P-PPT-January 22-26 Lessong
7P-PPT-January 22-26 Lessong
Legend:
sf/sigfig = significant figure
Motion
1. What are the rules for
significant figures?
2. What is the difference between
scalar and vector quantities?
3. What is the difference between
distance and displacement?
4. How to compute for speed?
Pre-assessment Activity
(5-item multiple choice on Canvas)
Motion
● a change in position of an object
with respect to a reference point.
● described in terms of
○ distance (d)
○ displacement (d)
○ speed (v)
○ velocity (v)
○ acceleration (a)
Distance
● actual length of path taken by an object in moving from its
initial position to its final position
● a scalar quantity
○ has a magnitude only, or a number and unit of
measurement
○ does not describe direction
○ volume, density, pressure, speed, etc.
● FORMULA: XI + XF = distance
Displacement
● straight-line between the initial and final positions, with the
direction pointing toward the final position
● a vector quantity
○ has both magnitude and direction
○ acceleration, velocity, force, etc.
● FORMULA: dx = XF - XI
Distance vs. Displacement
Solving for Distance and Displacement
● distance
○ initial to final
○ XI + XF = distance
○ always positive
● displacement
○ distance between XF and XI
○ Δx = XF - XI
○ it can be +/- depending on the direction
Legend:
Δx = change
Steps in Problem Solving
1. Given: the numbers stated in the problem
(identify the given; for example, t = 30 s)
1. Required: what we need to look/solve for
(no need to write the whole sentence)
1. Equation: the formula we are going to use
2. Solution: steps on computing the problem
(write the given with least significant figure)
1. Answer: final answer, following significant figures
Example:
The professor walked from left
to right during the lecture.
G: XI = 1.5m; XF= 3.5 m
R: displacement
E: Δx= XF- XI
S: Δx= 3.5 m- 1.5 m
A: Δx = 2.0 m, to the right (2sf)
Example:
Amy runs 2 mi south, then turns around and runs 3 mi north.
G: XI = 2 mi; XF= 3 mi
R: displacement
E: Δx= XF- XI
S: Δx= 3 mi - 2 mi = 1 mile
A: Δx = 1 mi, north
Example:
Amy runs 2 mi south, then turns around and runs 3 mi north.
G: XI = 2 mi; XF= 3 mi G: XI = 2 mi; XF= 3 mi
R: displacement R: distance
E: Δx= XF- XI E: d = Xi + XF
S: Δx= 3 mi - 2 mi = 1 mile S: = 3 mi + 2 mi = 5 mi
A: Δx = 1 mi, north A: distance = 5 mi
Speed
● quantity used to describe the
distance traveled per unit time.
● “per” = “to divide by”
● described the rate of change in
position
● it does not indicate the change in
direction
Speed
● quantity used to describe the IS SPEED A
distance traveled per unit time.
● “per” = “to divide by” SCALAR OR
● described the rate of change in
position VECTOR
● it does not indicate the change in
direction QUANTITY?
Speed
● quantity used to describe the distance traveled per unit time.
● “per” = “to divide by”
● described the rate of change in position
● it does not indicate the change in direction
○ scalar quantity
Speed
● combination of SI units
○ km/h or kph
○ cm/s
○ m/s
○ cm/day
○ mi/hr
Speed
● combination of SI units
○ km/h or kph = kilometers per
hour
○ cm/s = centimeters per second
○ m/s = meters per second
○ cm/day = centimeters per day
○ mi/hr = miles per hour
Formula for Speed
G = t = 3hr; d = 2 km
R = speed
E = s = d/t
S = s = 2 km/3 hr
A = 0.66 à 0.7 km/h (1 sf)
Writing
Activity
Checking of
Writing Activity
Velocity and
Acceleration
1. What is the difference between
speed and velocity?
2. How to compute velocity,
displacement, and time?
3. How can direction and speed
affect acceleration?
4. How to compute acceleration?
Velocity
● rate and direction an object is moving with respect to time
● it tells how fast or how slow motion is, considering both
magnitude and direction
● velocity (v) = displacement (d) / time (t)
What is the difference between
speed and velocity?
Velocity
● formula:
displacement(d)
_____________
velocity (v) =
time (t)
Example 1:
Calculate the velocity of an object moving to the right from an initial
position of 10 meters to a final position of 30 meters in a time
interval of 5 seconds.
G: S:
R: A:
E:
Example 1:
Calculate the velocity of an object moving to the right from an initial
position of 10 meters to a final position of 30 meters in a time
interval of 5 seconds.
G: 30 m - 10 m *Δx= XF- XI (formula
__________
S: v =
XI= 10 m; XF = 30 m; t = 5 s 5 s for displacement)
= 4 m/s
R: velocity or v A: v = 4 m/s to the right
E: v = d/t
Example 2:
A motorbike cruises northward down a straight highway at a
constant velocity of 10 m/s for 30 s. What is the displacement of
the motorbike?
G:
R:
E:
S:
A:
Example 2:
A motorbike cruises northward down a straight highway at a
constant velocity of 10 m/s for 30 s. What is the displacement of
the motorbike?
G: v = 10 m/s N; t = 30s
R: displacement or d displacement (d)
E: d = v x t
S: velocity (v) time (t)
A:
Example 2:
A motorbike cruises northward down a straight highway at a
constant velocity of 10 m/s for 30 s. What is the displacement of
the motorbike?
G: v = 10 m/s N; t = 30s S: d = 10 m/s x 30 s = 300 m
R: displacement or d A: 300 m, north
E: d = v x t
Let’s try to solve the missing values!
v (m/s) d (m) t (s)
10.0 122
23.6 830
140 50.0
Acceleration
● a vector quantity
● occurs when velocities change
● defined as the rate of change of velocity with time, and
usually measured in meters per second squared (m/s2).
● accelerating objects change their velocity at a constant
rate (constant acceleration) or by varying amounts per
unit time (non constant acceleration)
Constant or Uniform Non-constant or changing
acceleration acceleration
Velocity (m/s)
Velocity (m/s)
Time (s) Time (s)
Constant or Uniform Acceleration
● a body is said to be traveling at
uniformly accelerated motion if the
Velocity (m/s)
acceleration
● decrease in speed, (-) negative
acceleration
● constant speed, zero (0)
Time (s) acceleration
Acceleration
● formula:
vf - vi
a= ________
t
where,
vf = final velocity
vi = initial velocity
t = time
● SI unit: m/s2
Example 1:
Charlotte rides a bicycle at 1.5 m/s south. After 15 seconds,
she is pedaling at 3 m/s south. What is her acceleration?
G:
R:
E:
S:
A:
Example 1:
Charlotte rides a bicycle at 1.5 m/s south. After 15 seconds,
she is pedaling at 3 m/s south. What is her acceleration?
G: vi = 1.5 m/s S; t = 15 s; vf = 3 m/s S
R:
E:
S:
A:
Example 1:
Charlotte rides a bicycle at 1.5 m/s south. After 15 seconds,
she is pedaling at 3 m/s south. What is her acceleration?
G: vi = 1.5 m/s S; t = 15 s; vf = 3 m/s S
R: acceleration or a
E:
S:
A:
Example 1:
Charlotte rides a bicycle at 1.5 m/s south. After 15 seconds,
she is pedaling at 3 m/s south. What is her acceleration?
G: vi = 1.5 m/s S; t = 15 s; vf = 3 m/s S
R: acceleration or a
E: vf - vi
a= ________
t
S:
A:
Example 1:
Charlotte rides a bicycle at 1.5 m/s south. After 15 seconds,
she is pedaling at 3 m/s south. What is her acceleration?
G: vi = 1.5 m/s S; t = 15 s; vf = 3 m/s S
R: acceleration or a S: 3 m/s - 1.5 m/s
______________
vf - vi a =
E: 15 s
a= ________
t
= 0.1 m/s2
A:
0.1 m/s2 (1sf)
Thank you
for listening!
1. What is the difference between
speed and velocity?
2. How to compute velocity,
displacement, and time?
3. How can direction and speed
affect acceleration?
4. How to compute acceleration?
🔔 To be submitted on January 30, 2024
(Tuesday):
● 2-item Essay
o (On Canvas): Assignment tab à Assignment: Essay about
o
●
Forces
2-3 sentences only, check instructions