NAME DEFINITION USAGE DIFFERENCES

Single-unit recording Single-unit recording also known

as (single-cell recording). It is a
neurophysiological technique used
in neuroscience to study the
electrical activity of individual
neurons (nerve cells) in the brain.
It involves the insertion of a fine
electrode, typically a micropipette
or a microelectrode, into the brain
tissue to record the electrical
impulses or action potentials
generated by a single neuron.
Event-related potentials (ERPs) Event-related potentials (ERPs) are An EEG can find changes in brain
a type of neurophysiological activity that might be useful in
measurement used in diagnosing brain disorders,
neuroscience and psychology to especially epilepsy or another
study the electrical activity of the seizure disorder. An EEG might
brain in response to specific also be helpful for diagnosing or
events, such as sensory stimuli, treating:
cognitive processes, or motor  Brain tumors
actions.  Brain damage from head injury
Electroencephalography (EEG)  Brain dysfunction that can
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is have a variety of causes
a test that measures electrical (encephalopathy)
activity in the brain using small,  Sleep disorders
metal discs (electrodes) attached  Inflammation of the brain
to the scalp. Brain cells (herpes encephalitis)
communicate via electrical  Stroke
impulses and are active all the  Sleep disorders
time, even during asleep. This  Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
activity shows up as wavy lines on
an EEG recording. The EEG may also be used to
 determine the overall electrical
activity of the brain (for example,
to evaluate trauma, drug
intoxication, or extent of brain
damage in comatose patients). The
EEG may also be used to monitor
blood flow in the brain during
surgical procedures.

An EEG might also be used to

confirm brain death in someone in
a persistent coma. A continuous
EEG is used to help find the right
level of anesthesia for someone in
a medically induced coma.
Positron emission tomography Positron emission tomography
(PET) (PET) is a type of nuclear medicine
procedure that measures
metabolic activity of the cells of
body tissues. PET is actually a
combination of nuclear medicine
and biochemical analysis. Used
mostly in patients with brain or
heart conditions and cancer, PET
helps to visualize the biochemical
changes taking place in the body,
such as the metabolism (the
process by which cells change food
into energy after food is digested
and absorbed into the blood) of
the heart muscle.
Functional magnetic resonance Functional resonance imaging
imaging (fMRI) (fMRI) has revolutionized the study
of the mind. This advanced
 neuroimaging technology allows
researchers and physicians to
safely, painlessly, and
noninvasively observe the brain’s
activity.

An fMRI scan can be used for a

variety of purposes, from
monitoring Parkinson’s disease to
seeing how a certain medication
works in the brain.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI scanners are particularly well
(MRI) is a non-invasive imaging suited to image the non-bony parts
technology that produces three or soft tissues of the body. They
dimensional detailed anatomical differ from computed tomography
images. It is often used for disease (CT), in that they do not use the
detection, diagnosis, and damaging ionizing radiation of x-
treatment monitoring. It is based rays. The brain, spinal cord and
on sophisticated technology that nerves, as well as muscles,
excites and detects the change in ligaments, and tendons are seen
the direction of the rotational axis much more clearly with MRI than
of protons found in the water that with regular x-rays and CT; for this
makes up living tissues. reason MRI is often used to image
knee and shoulder injuries.

In the brain, MRI can differentiate

between white matter and grey
matter and can also be used to
diagnose aneurysms and tumors.
 Because MRI does not use x-rays
or other radiation, it is the imaging
modality of choice when frequent
imaging is required for diagnosis or
therapy, especially in the brain.
However, MRI is more expensive
than x-ray imaging or CT scanning.
Event-related functional magnetic
resonance imaging (efMRI)
Magneto-encephalography (MEG)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

(TMS)
Transcranial direct current
stimulation (tDCS)

https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/eeg/about/pac-20393875

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/electroencephalogram-eeg

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/positron-emission-tomography-pet

https://psychcentral.com/lib/what-is-functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-fmri#how-it-works