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Physics activity file class 12 CBSE

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35 views

Physics File

Physics activity file class 12 CBSE

Uploaded by

hyperhmz123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Activity No.4 AIM To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a < glass slab. APPARATUS REQUIRED «+ Rectangular glass slab + Drawing board « Drawing pins « Paper pins + Pencil © Sharpner + Geometry box © Sheet of white paper THEORY/PRINCIPLE/FORMULA When a ray of light passes through a rectangular glass slab, it emerges parallel to the incident ray. The light however undergoes lateral displacement depending on the angle of incidence, thickness of the slab and nature of the material of the slab. ‘The displacement d is given by d= RM DIAGRAM N 1K, A B BN | . ae re T\ og PROCEDURE ; 1. Fix a sheet of white paper on the drawing board by means of drawing pins. 2. Draw a line parallel to length of the paper and slightly above the half of the paper. 3. Take a point O on the line. Draw perpendicular to the line at point O and a line OI such that 2 “am (8m oF MOF PA te gg and P; vertically on the line at a distance o ing 4. Fix two pins Pam FN My its boundary ABCD as shown. < pacodthes fitee ne ) Pear tg h 5. Looking from face CD, fix pins P, and P, (vertically) the same line. in , indident ray (produced). Meas «6. Join the pin pricks. Draw RM perpendicular to the indident ray @ vure RM, 2, z. : 7. Repeat steps 3 to 6 for different angles of incidence to record at Teast five observations, ang PRECAUTIONS ‘The drawing board should be made of soft wood. Alpins should be fixed vertically. Glass slab should have uniform thickness. The feet of the alpins (not their heads) should appear to be in the same straight line, The distance between the alpins should be about 8 cm. ‘The angle of incidence taken should be between 30° to 65°, While fixing alpins the eye should be at a distance of 25 em from the nearest pin. Pencil should be sharp. SNe ene SOURCES OF ERROR 1. If the feet of alpins are not in the same straight line, : srcident Y and emergent ray. an error takes place in the path of incid 2. Personal error in measurement of angles. Activity No. 2 —_ QA aa, AIM \ To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit. APPARATUS REQUIRED + Two ordinary razor blades with sharp edges + A monochromatic source of light © Sodium lamp or pencil laser « Screen © Black paper. THEORY/PRINCIPLE When a beam of monochromatic light falls on a narrow slit of small width, the light bends around the edges of the slit. If a screen is placed at a suitable distance, diffraction pattern due to the slit is obtained. The pheomenon of bending of light around corners and spreading into the regions of geometrical shadow is called diffraction The diffraction pattern consists of a central maxima surrounded on either side by a number of alternate dark and bright bands called secondary minima and maxima. DIAGRAM jar _ proceDURE Place two sharp edged, razor blades side * dose and parallel to each other make fine slit. switch on the sodium lamp or pencil | blades. Let the light coming out of the slit fall on 4, You will observe a diffraction p eir sharp edges 1 f cellotape and by side on a stri ing th uss Side on a strip of black paper keepiN& as shown in figure. Fix the blades with the help © m from the wp ‘aser and keep it at a distance of approximately 2 a screen (or wall) situated at a distance of about 2m. . . attern consists of dark and bright bi ordinary lamp is used in place of sodium lamp, coloured fringes will fercbeneed on the wall an 5, Repeat experiment by increasing the slit width. RESULT 1, Diffraction pattern (fringes) due to a single slit is formed when light passes through a narrow slit the pattern consists of a central bright maxima and secondary minima and maxima on either side. 2. a increasing the slit width, the width of central maxima decreases and the sharpness of fringes lecreases. PRECAUTIONS 1. The razor blades should be unused so that their edges are very sharp. 2. The slit formed should be as narrow as possible. 3, The source of light should be kept at least at a distance of 2 m from the thin slit. 4, A beam of monochromatic light should be used to obtain diffraction pattern. Activity No. 3 | a L

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