Leyte Normal University

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

Title of the Manuscript

(8 to 12 words, Times New Roman 18, bold)
_________________________________

An undergraduate Research Paper

Presented to

The Research Committee of the College of Education

Leyte Normal University
Tacloban City
Philippines

In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor in Early Childhood Education (BECEd)
_________________________

ECED 121-EC31-Group 1

Sharon P. Cuneta.- Leader

Members:

Locsin, Angel O.
Pascual, Piolo G.
Yap, Richard C.
Lee, Min Ho Y.

________________
December 2022
 APPROVAL SHEET

This undergraduate thesis entitled “Parental Involvement in Young Children’s

Education during the Pandemic” prepared and submitted by (Group 1 – EC31) May R.
Amoguis, Nesa Y.Acabal, Cathena Gail Aguilar, Jinky G. Alambra, Princess Almeria,
MariaEstella R.Andrino, Tricia Avelino, Jennelyn G. Badilla, Maxine P.Caberic, Miriam
Caones, Mary Grace O. Caimoy, Patricia G. Daluraya, Micheal Angelo R. Dela Austria in
partial fulfilment for the subject ECED 122- Research in Early Childhood Education has been
examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for Oral Examination.

JANET P. ESPADA, Ph.D.

Adviser

THESIS COMMITTEE

LORENA M. RIPALDA, MAT

Chairperson

THEA A. TICOY, MAT MA. VENUS G. ESTOJERO, MAEd

Internal Expert Internal Expert

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of Passed.

LORENA M. RIPALDA, MAT

Chairperson

THEA A. TICOY, MAT MA. VENUS G. ESTOJERO, MAEd

Internal Expert Internal Expert

ACCEPTED and APPROVED in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
BACHELOR IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION.

LINA G FABIAN, EdD

Dean, College of Education
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to sincerely express their profound gratitude to the following who
supported them to the compilation of this study.
Dr Janet P. Espada, for the dedication of sharing her expertise in research through her
opinions and suggestions to obtain the purpose of this study and who had supported us with her
knowledge and giving us encouragement in the completion of the study.
Mrs. Mariza S. Magan, Ed.D.,CESO V for signing our letter request to enter San Jose
Central School, Dr. Greg L. Galos, PhD. for the warm welcome and allowing us to conduct
interview in their beautiful school and also, the Teachers for guiding and entertaining us during
our interview.
To the main participants in this study (Kindergarten parents of San Jose Central School)
who shared their precious time during our visit.
To our family, friends for their love and support; and above all, we praise God who
enabled us to finish this work.
 Abstract

(1st page, between 100-180 words: provide the background of the topic, need for the study,
research design, research setting, research participants, and results || Must provide clear
connection to business, education or public health)

Keywords: (1st page, between 6 to 12 words: must include topic words, field, region, country,
continent, research design, target population)
 CHAPTER I
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Background of the Study

The background of a study is the first section of the paper and establishes the context
underlying the research. It contains the rationale, the key problem statement, and a brief
overview of research questions that are addressed in the rest of the paper.

The background section should discuss your findings in a chronological manner to

accentuate the progress in the field and the missing points that need to be addressed. The
background should be written as a summary of your interpretation of previous research and what
your study proposes to accomplish.

(Note: Use double space throughout the manuscript)

Framework of the Study

The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. It
introduces and describes the theory which explains why the research problem under study exists.
You first introduce the theory/ies that support your study and briefly describe each of them. Then
explain how they relate to your study. You cite the original proponent of the theory.

Purpose Statement

The purpose statement in research briefly explains (on no more than 1 page) the objectives of
the research study. These objectives must directly address the problem and help close the stated
gap. You try to mention for instance, the lack of studies on the current phenomenon under
investigation and the importance or significance of conducting the research.

Statement of the Problem

A statement of the problem is used in research work as a claim that outlines the problem
addressed by a study. The statement of the problem briefly addresses the question: What is the
problem that the research will address?

See the example below:

This study generally aims to _____________________________________

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1.
2.
3.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

(Between 4 to 6 pages synthesizing current, relevant literature on the topic: At least 80% of
sources must have been published within the last 5 years; at least 90% must be from published
books and journal articles. Note: Other types of sources should be used sparingly if they are
needed for the topic under exploration. This section must end with a paragraph that shows the
gap in the literature the study addresses, followed with 2 to 4 research questions)
 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

(Add an introductory paragraph here)

Research Design

Research design is a broad framework that states the total pattern of conducting research project.
It specifies objectives, data collection and analysis methods, time, costs, responsibility,
probable outcomes, and actions.
The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the
different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will
effectively address the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection,
measurement, and analysis of data.
If you are using a qualitative research design, specify which type and describe its
specifications citing the original proponents
Participants of the Study

A research participant, also called a human subject or an experiment, trial, or study participant or
subject, is a person who voluntarily participates in human subject research after giving
informed consent to be the subject of the research. Here you include how many and who the
participants are, what sampling method you used (cite original source) and the criteria for
selecting them. You also describe the participants using the demographic survey data. Cite
sources for borrowed ideas.
Data Collection

This is similar to instruments section. You specify the instruments or data collection tools you
will use to answer the questions of the study. For example, survey demographics to collect basic
information about participants, interview schedule as guide in interviewing, observation forms,
archival records, etc. It could be anything you use to gather data to answer the questions. You
describe the purpose for each instrument, the content, the validation process (the instruments
should undergo validation by at least three experts before refining them). Cite original sources)
Ethical Considerations

Ethical considerations in research are a set of principles that guide your research designs and
practices. These principles include voluntary participation, informed consent, anonymity,
confidentiality, potential for harm, and results communication. Cite sources.
Data Gathering Procedure

This is a section where you narrate how you will gather data starting from obtaining permit from either
school heads or participants or from anyone whose permit is needed; recruiting participants and
obtaining their informed consent; validating the instruments by experts; administering the survey
demographics; conducting the interview; analyzing the survey; transcribing the interviews and analyzing
them. The last few steps will be described briefly. For the proposal, the tense will be future tense. After
the conduct of study in the final manuscript, the narrative will be changed to past tense, indicating that
the study has been conducted.

Data Analysis

This section details the analysis method you will use to analyze the data. For instance a common method
is thematic analysis. Look for the original proponent of this method. Describe its nature and purpose as
well as its requirement. Narrate the steps to undertake when conducting a thematic analysis. Cite other
original sources of this method.

Validity Procedures

According to Creswell & Poth (2013) they consider “validation” in qualitative research as it
is trying to assess the “accuracy” of the results, as best described by the researcher, the
participants, and the readers. In qualitative research, the validity of the findings is related to
the careful recording and continual verification of the data that the researcher
undertakes during the investigative practice.
In this section, you will narrate how you will establish trustworthiness of your results.
Describe the steps you will undergo to ensure that your results are reliable and valid and that
they are not fabricated. Cite original sources of ideas.

Researcher’s Reflexivity
(for qualitative research papers)

Reflexivity is about acknowledging your role in the research. As a qualitative researcher, you
are part of the research process, and your prior experiences, assumptions and beliefs will
influence the research process. It is important to declare your prior experiences, assumptions
and beliefs so that the readers will know where you are coming from. Read more on this in
some published papers to get more ideas.
 CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
(Add an introductory paragraph here; what this section will present.)

Results
(Tables, thick description, figures, focus on major and surprising results)
You will first describe the demographic data of your participants.
Then present qualitative results by writing first the question followed by the themes and
discussion of the categories under it as well as the results

Question 1. __________________________________

For this question, the data generated the following themes: ________, ________, etc. which will
be discussed in the proceeding paragraphs.

Theme 1. ___________________
This theme comes from ___ (how many) categories such as : _____________________

Theme 2.______________

And so on…….
Question 2. ________________________

Theme 1.__________________

Theme 2.____________________

Question 3._______________________________

Theme 1.______

Theme 2________________

Discussion

Discuss the highlights or the most significant findings of the study and cite literature and theories
that support or negate them
Limitations of the Study

This section mentions what your study was expected to do but failed to fulfill due to unavoidable
circumstances. Mentioning the weaknesses of your study will strengthen your results. Based on the
weaknesses, you recommend further actions to be done by future researchers, or a replication of your
study with emphasis on what you failed to do

Conclusion

(address research questions, synthesize major findings of your study)

You describe the resulting answers to the questions of the study. Present a summarized , concise
presentation here of the major contributions of your study which are your results..new findings
that will add or enrich the field of study. x

Recommendations

Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are hereby proposed:
1.
2.
3.
Make recommendations for practice and further research
 References

(Complete entries—in APA— of all sources cited in your manuscript. The whole paper must be
formatted in APA) Use single space in each entry but add space in between each entry

Sample:

Reed, M. J., Kennett, D. J., Lewis, T., Lund-Lucas, E., Stallberg, C., & Newbold, I. L. (2009).
The relative effects of university success courses and individualized interventions for
students with learning disabilities. Higher Education Research & Development, 28(4), 385–
400. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360903067013

Espada, J. P. (2012). The native language in teaching kindergarten mathematics. Journal of

International Education Research (JIER), 8(4), 359-366.

Mokotso, I. R. (2016). The contradictions of church-state partnership in education and the future of
religious education in Lesotho. World Journal of Educational Research and Reviews, 3(1), 30-36.

Adjust the ruler to set the indention of

references
APPENDICES
 Appendix A
Transmittal Letter

Leyte Normal University

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

(In the proposal, the entries in the appendices such as letters, informed consent, etc. are not
signed but in the final manuscript, you will paste the original document samples here..just one
sample because the others will be compiled for submission as part of audit trail)
 Appendix B
Informed Consent

Leyte Normal University

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City
 Appendix C
Letter Request for Instrument Validation

Leyte Normal University

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City
 Appendix D
Validation Matrix

Leyte Normal University

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City
 Appendix E
Demographic Survey

Leyte Normal University

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City
 Appendix F
Interview Schedule

Leyte Normal University

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City
 Appendix G
Observation Form

Leyte Normal University

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

Check the module for the format of observation form

 Appendix H
Coding Matrix

Leyte Normal University

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

Check the module for the actual sample of coding matrix

 Appendix I
Curriculum Vitae

Leyte Normal University

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

Include 1x1 picture in your curriculum vitae starting from leader down to members..