1. A) Write a program to interchange the values of two variables using a third variable.

Algorithm 1a:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input a, b
Step 3: temp=a
Step 4: a=b
Step 5: b=temp
Step 6: Display a, b
Step 7: Stop
Program 1a:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,temp;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter the value of a and b";
cin>>a>>b;
temp=a;
a=b;
b=temp;
cout<<"After swapping:"<<endl;
cout<<"Value of a = "<<a<<endl;
cout<<"Value of b = "<<b<<endl;
getch();
}
OUTPUT

1
1.b) Write a program to interchange the values of two variables without using a third
variable

Algorithm 1b:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input a, b
Step 3: a = a+b
Step 4: b = a-b
Step 5: a = a-b
Step 6: Display a, b
Step 7: Stop
Program 1b:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b;
clrscr();
cout<<" Enter the value of a and b :"<<endl;
cin>>a>>b;
a=a+b;
b=a-b;
a=a-b;
cout<<"After swapping"<<endl;
cout<<"Value of a = "<<a<<endl;
cout<<"Value of b = "<<b<<endl;
getch();
}
OUTPUT

2
2. Write a program to find area and circumference of a circle.

Algorithm 2:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input r
Step 3: area=3.14*r*r
Step 4: circum=2*3.14*r
Step 5: Display area, circum
Step 6: Stop

Program 2:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float r,area,circum;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter the radius of the circle :";
cin>>r;
area=3.14*r*r;
circum=2*3.14*r;
cout<<"Area ="<<area<<endl;
cout<<"Circumference ="<<circum;
getch();
}

OUTPUT

3
3. Write a program to find area of a triangle given three sides.

Algorithm 3:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input a, b, c
Step 3: s=(a+b+c)/2
Step 4: area=sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))
Step 5: Display area
Step 6: Stop

Program 3:-

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
float a,b,c,s,area;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter value of three side of triangle:";
cin>>a>>b>>c;
s=(a+b+c)/2.0;
area=sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
cout<<"Area of a Triangle = "<<area;
getch();
}

OUTPUT

4
4. Write a program to convert days into years, months and days

Algorithm 4:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input totdays
Step 3: years = totdays / 365
Step 4: rem = totdays % 365
Step 5: months = rem / 30
Step 6: days = rem % 30
Step 7: Display years, months, days
Step 8: Stop

Program 4:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int totdays,years,months,days,rem;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter the total number of days ";
cin>>totdays;
years=totdays/365;
rem=totdays%365;
months=rem/30;
days=rem%30;
cout<<"Total days ="<<totdays<<endl;
cout<<"Years ="<<years<<endl;
cout<<"Months ="<<months<<endl;
cout<<"Days ="<<days<<endl;
getch();
}
OUTPUT

5
5. Write a program to find the largest, smallest and second largest of three numbers
using simple if statement.

Algorithm 5:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input a, b, c
Step 3: large = a
Step 4: if (large<b) then large = b
Step 5: if (large<c) then large = c
Step 6: small= a
Step 7: if (small>b) then small = b
Step 8: if (small>c) then small = c
Step 9: seclarge = (a + b + c) – (large + small)
Step 10: Display large,small,seclarge
Step 11: Stop

Program 5:
# include <iostream.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
int large,small,seclarge;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter three numbers";
cin>>a>>b>>c;
large=a;
if(large<b)
large=b;
if(large<c) OUTPUT
large=c;
small=a;
if(small>b)
small=b;
if(small>c)
small=c;
seclarge=(a+b+c)-(large+small);
cout<<"Largest number ="<<large<<endl;
cout<<"Smallest number ="<<small<<endl;
cout<<"Second largest number ="<<seclarge<<endl;
getch();
}
6
6. Write a program to input the total amount in a bill, if the amount is greater than 1000
a discount of 8% is given otherwise no discount is given, output the total amount, the
discount amount and the final amount, use simple if statement.

Algorithm 6:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input totamt
Step 3: disc = 0
Step 4: if (totamt>1000) then
disc = totamt * 0.08
Step 5: finalamt = totamt - disc
Step 6: Display totamt, disc, finalamt
Step 7: Stop

Program 6:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float totamt, disc, finalamt;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter the total amount "<<endl;
cin>>totamt;
disc=0;
if(totamt>1000)
disc=totamt*0.08;
finalamt=totamt-disc;
cout<<"Total Amount ="<<totamt<<endl;
cout<<"Discount ="<<disc<<endl;
cout<<"Final Amount ="<<finalamt<<endl;
getch();
}

OUTPUT

7
7. Write a program to check whether a given year is a leap year or not using if-else
statement.
Algorithm 7:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input year
Step 3: if (year % 4 == 0)
then
Display “Leap Year”
Else
Display “Not a Leap Year”
Step 4: Stop

Program 7:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int year;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter the year"<<endl;
cin>>year;
if(year%4==0)
cout<<"leap year ";
else
cout<<" not a leap year ";
getch();
}

OUTPUT

8
8. Write a program to input a character and find out whether it is a lower case or upper
case character using if-else statement.

Algorithm 8:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input ch
Step 3: if (ch>=’A’ && ch<=’Z’) then
Display “Uppercase”
Else if (ch>=’a’ && ch<=’z’)
Display “Lowercase”
Else
Display “Not an alphabet”
Step 4: Stop

Program 8:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char ch;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter any alphabet "<<endl;
cin>>ch;
if((ch>='A')&&(ch<='Z'))
cout<<"is a Uppercase alphabet";
else if((ch>='a')&&(ch<='z'))
cout<<"is a Lowercase alphabet";
else
cout<<"is not an alphabet";
getch();
}

OUTPUT

9
9. Write a program to input the number of units of electricity consumed in a house and
calculate the final amount using nested-if statement. Use the following data for
calculation.

Units Cost
consumed
<30 Rs.
3.50/unit
>=30 and Rs.
<50 4.25/unit
>=50 and Rs.
<100 5.25/unit
>=100 Rs.
5.85/unit

Algorithm 9:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input units
Step 3: if (units < 30) then
billamt = units * 3.50
Else if (units < 50) then

billamt = 29 * 3.50 + (units-29) * 4.25

Else if (units < 100) then
billamt = 29 * 3.50 + 20 * 4.25
+ (units-49) * 5.25
Else
billamt = 29 * 3.50 + 20 * 4.25
+ 50 * 5.25 + (units-99) * 5.85
Step 4: Display billamt
Step 5: Stop

Program 9:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int units;
float billamt;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter the units consumed "<<endl;
cin>>units;
if(units<30)
billamt=units*30;
10
 else if(units<50)
billamt=29*3.50+(units-29)*4.25;
else if(units<100)
billamt=29*3.50+20*4.25+(units-49)*5.25;
else
billamt=29*3.50+20*4.25+50*5.25+(units-99)*5.85;
cout<<"Total amount ="<<billamt;
getch();
}

OUTPUT

11
10. Write a program to input the marks of four subjects, calculate the total percentage and
output the result as either “First class”, or “Second class”, or “Pass class” or “Fails”
using switch statement.

Class Range %
First Class Between 60 and
100%
Second Class Between 50 and
59%
Pass Class Between 40 and
49%
Fails Less than 40%

Algorithm 10:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input m1, m2, m3, m4
Step 3: total = m1 + m2 + m3 + m4
Step 4: per = tot / 4 *100
Step 5: if (per >=60) then
Display “First Class”
Else if (per >=50) then
Display “Second Class”
Else if (per >=40) then
Display “Pass Class”
Else
Display “Fail”
Step 6: Stop

Program 10:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int m1,m2,m3,m4,total,x;
float per;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter 4 subject marks"<<endl;
cin>>m1>>m2>>m3>>m4;
total=m1+m2+m3+m4;
per=(float)total/4*100;
x=(int)per/10;
switch(x)
12
{
case 10:
case 9:
case 8:
case 7:
case 6: cout<<"First Class ";
break;
case 5: cout<<"Second Class ";
break;
case 4: cout<<"Pass Class ";
break;
default : cout<<" Fail ";
}
getch();
}

OUTPUT

13
11. Write a program to find the sum of all the digits of a number using while statement.

Algorithm 11:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input n
Step 3: sum=0
Step 4: Repeat step 5 through step 7 while n≠0
Step 5: digit = n mod 10
Step 6: sum = sum + digit
Step 7: n = n / 10
Step 8: Display sum
Step 9: Stop
Program 11:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
long n;
int sum,digit;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter a number "<<endl;
cin>>n;
sum=0;
while(n!=0)
{
digit=n%10;
sum=sum+digit;
n=n/10;
}
cout<<"Sum of digits ="<<sum;
getch();
}
OUTPUT

14
12. Write a program to input principal amount, rate of interest and time period and
calculate compound interest using while statement.
Algorithm 12:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input p, t, r
Step 3: prinamt = p
Step 4: y = 1
Step 5: Repeat step 6 through step 8 until y<=t
Step 6: amt = p * (1 + r/100)
Step 7: y = y + 1
Step 8: p = amt
Step 9: ci = amt - prinamt
Step 10: Display ci
Step 11: Stop

Program 12:
# include <iostream.h>
# include <conio.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
float p,r,amt,prinamt,ci;
int t,y;
cout<<"Enter principal, time and rate of intrest"<<endl;
cin>>p>>t>>r;
y=1;
prinamt=p;
while(y<=t)
{
amt=p*(1+r/100); OUTPUT
p=amt;
y++;
}
ci=amt-prinamt;
cout<<"Compound Intrest ="<<ci;
getch();
}

15
13. Write a program to find the power of 2 using do-while statement.
Algorithm 13:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input n
Step 3: m=n
Step 4: rem = n mod 2
Step 5: if (rem = 1) then
flag=0
Step 6: n=n/2
Step 7: Repeat step 4 through step 6 until n>1
Step 8: if (flag)
Display “Number is a power of 2”
else
Display “Number is not a power of 2”
Step 8: Stop

Program 13:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,m,flag,rem;
clrscr();
cout<< “Enter a number";
cin>>n;
m=n;
flag=1;
do
{
rem=n%2;
if(rem==1)
flag=0; OUTPUT
n=n/2;
}while((n>1)&&(flag));
if(flag)
cout<<m<<" is a power of 2 ";
else
cout<<m<<" is not power of 2";
getch();
}

16
14. Write a program to check whether a given number is an Armstrong number using do-
while statement.
Algorithm 14:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input num
Step 3: temp = num
Step 4: sum=0
Step 5: digit = num mod 10
Step 6: sum = sum + digit*digit*digit
Step 7: num = num / 10
Step 8: Repeat step5 through step7 while num≠0
Step 9: if (temp = sum) then
Display “Armstrong number”
Else
Display “Not an Armstrong number”
Step 10: Stop

Program 14:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int num,temp,sum,digit;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter three digit number "<<endl;
cin>>num;
temp=num;
sum=0; OUTPUT
do
{
digit=num%10;
sum=sum+digit*digit*digit;
num=num/10;
}while(num!=0);
if(temp==sum)
cout<<” is an Armstrong number";
else
cout<<"is not Armstrong number";
getch();
}

17
15. Write a program to find factorial of a given number.

Algorithm 15:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input n
Step 3: fact = 1
Step 4: Repeat step 6 for i = 1 to n do
Step 6: fact = fact * i
Step8: Display fact
Step 9: Stop

Program 15:
# include <iostream.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,n;
long fact;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter non-negative number";
cin>>n;
fact=1;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
fact=fact*i;
cout<<"Factorial ="<<fact;
getch();
}

OUTPUT

18
16. Write a program to generate the Fibonacci sequence up to a limit using for statement.
ALGORITHM 16:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: input n
Step 3: f1=0
f2=1
Step 4: Output f1, f2
Step 5: for i=2 to n do
Step 6: f3=f1+f2
Step 7: Output f3
Step 8: f1=f2
f2=f3
[End of for loop]
Step 9: Stop

PROGRAM 16:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,f1,f2,f3, i;
clrscr();
cout<<”Enter the nth term”<<endl;
cin>>n;
f1=0;
f2=1;
cout<<”Fibonacci Series:”<<endl;
cout<<f1<<endl<<f2<<endl;
for(i=2;i<=n;i++)
{
f3=f1+f2;
cout<<f3<<endl; OUTPUT
f1=f2;
f2=f3;
}
getch();
}

19
17. Write a program to find the sum and average of “N” numbers.
ALGORITHM 17:
Step 1: start
Step 2: input n
Step 3: for i=0 to n-1
input a[i]
[ end for ]
Step 4: sum=0
Step 5: for i=0 to n-1
sum=sum+a[i]
[end for ]
Step 6: avg=sum/n
Step 7: output sum, avg
Step 8: stop

PROGRAM 17:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10],i , n, sum;
float avg;
clrscr();
cout<<”how many elements?”;
cin>>n;
cout<<”enter the elements”;
for(i=0;i<n; i++)
cin>>a[i]; OUTPUT
sum=0;
for(i=0;i<n; i++)
sum=sum+a[i];
avg=(float)sum/n;
cout<<”sum=”<<sum<<endl;
cout<<”average=”<<avg;
getch();
}

18. Write a program to find the second largest of “N” numbers.

20
PROGRAM 18:
#include<iostream.h>
ALGORITHM 18:
Step 1: start
Step 2: input n
Step 3: for i=0 to n-1
input a[i]
[ end for ]
Step 4: if ( a[0]>a[1])
large=a[0]
seclarge=a[1]
else
large=a[1]
seclarge=a[0]
[ end if ]
Step 5: for i=2 to n-1
if (a[i]> large)
seclarge= large
large=a[i]
else
if ( a[i]> seclarge)
seclarge=a[i]
[ end if ]
[ end for ]
Step 6: print large, seclarge
Step 7: stop

OUTPUT:

Flowchart 18:
21
22
 19. Write a program to arrange a list of numbers in ascending order.

ALGORITHM 19: PROGRAM 19:

Step 1: start #include<iostream.h>
Step 2: input n
#include<conio.h>
Step 3: for i=0 to n-1
input a[i] void main()
[ end for ] {
Step 4: for i=0 to n-1
int a[10],i ,temp, n,j;
for j=0 to n-1-i
if(a[j]>a[j+1]) clrscr();
temp=a[j] cout<<”how many elements?”;
a[j]=a[j+1] cin>>n;
a[j+1]=temp
[END if] cout<<”enter the elements”;
[END for] for(i=0;i<n; i++)
[END for] cin>>a[i];
Step 5: for i=0 to n-1
for(i=0;i<n; i++)
output a[i]
[END for ] for(j=0;j<n-i-1; j++)
Step 6: stop if(a[j]>a[j+1])
{
OUTPUT:
temp=a[j];
a[j]=a[j+1];
a[j+1]=temp;
}
cout<<” the sorted elements”;
for(i=0;i<n; i++)
cout<<”\t”<<a[i];
getch();
}

FLOWCHART 19:
23
24
20. Write a program to find the position of a given number in an array.

ALGORITHM 20: PROGRAM 20:

Step 1: Start #include<iostream.h>
Step 2: input n #include<conio.h>
Step 3: for i=0 to n-1 void main()
input a[i] {
[ end for ] int a[10],i ,pos,ele, n;
Step 4: pos=-1 clrscr();
Step 5: for i=0 to n-1 cout<<”how many elements?”;
if(a[i]==ele) cin>>n;
pos=i cout<<”enter the elements”;
goto 6 for(i=0;i<n; i++)
[ end if ] cin>>a[i];
[ end for ] cout<<”enter the search element”;
Step 6: if(pos>=0) cin>>ele;
print ele,”is present at pos=-1;
postion”,pos for(i=0;i<n; i++)
else if(a[i]==ele)
print ele,”is not present” {
[ end if ] pos=i;
Step 7: Stop break;
OUTPUT: }
if(pos>=0)
cout<<ele<<” is present at
position”<<pos<<endl;
else
cout<<ele<<” is not present”;
getch();
}

25
FLOWCHART 20:

26
21.Write a program to check whether a given matrix is scalar

ALGORITHM 21: PROGRAM 21:

Step 1: Start
#include<iostream.h>
Step 2: input m,n
#include<conio.h>
Step 3: for i=0 to m-1
#include<iomanip.h>
for j=0 to n-1
void main()
input a[i][j]
{
[ END for ]
int a[10][10],i ,j,m, n,scalar=1;
[ END for ]
clrscr();
Step 4: if(m == n)
cout<<”enter the order\n”;
print “it is a square ”
cin>>m>>n;
scalar=1
cout<<”enter the elements of the matrix”;
scalarele=a[0][0]
for(i=0;i<m; i++)
for i=0 to m-1
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
for j=0 to n-1
cin>>a[i][j];
if(i==j)
if(m == n)
if(a[i][j]!=scalarele)
{
scalar=0
cout<< “it is a square ”;
goto 5
for(i=0;i<m; i++)
[ END if ]
for(j=0;j<n; j++)
else if(a[i][j]!=0)
if(i==j)
scalar=0
{ if(a[i][j]!=a[0][0])
goto 5
{
[ END if ]
scalar=0;
[ END for ]
break;
[ END for ]
}
step 5: if(scalar)
}
print “and scalar matrix”
else if(a[i][j]!=0)
else
{
print “and not scalar matrix”
scalar=0;
[ END if ]
break;
else
}
print “it is a rectangular matrix ”
if(scalar==1)
[ END if ]
cout<< “and scalar matrix”;
Step 6: Stop
else
cout<< “and not scalar matrix”;
OUTPUT:
}
else
cout <<“it is a rectangular matrix ”;
getch();

27 }
FLOWCHART 21:

28
22. Write a program to find sum of all the rows and the sum of all the columns of a matrix
separately.

ALGORITHM 22: PROGRAM 22:

Step 1: Start #include<iostream.h>
Step 2: input m,n #include<conio.h>
Step 3: for i=0 to m-1 void main()
for j=0 to n-1 {
input a[i][j] int a[10][10],i ,j, m, n, rsum, csum;
[ END for ] clrscr();
[ end for ] cout<<”enter the order”;
Step 4: for i=0 to m-1 cin>>m>>n;
rsum=0 cout<<”enter the elements of the matrix”;
for j=0 to n-1 for(i=0;i<m; i++)
rsum=rsum+ a[i][j] for(j=0;j<n; j++)
[ END for ] cin>>a[i][j];
print “sum of row- for(i=0;i<m; i++)
no”,i+1,”=”,rsum {
[ end for ] rsum=0;
Step 5: for i=0 to n-1 for(j=0;j<n; j++)
csum=0 rsum=rsum+ a[i][j];
for j=0 to m-1 cout<<“\n sum of row-no
csum=csum+ a[j][i] \t”<<i+1<<”=”<<rsum;
[ END for ] }
print “sum of column for(i=0;i<n; i++)
no”,i+1,”=”,csum {
[ END for ] csum=0;
Step 6: Stop for(j=0;j<m; j++)
csum=csum+ a[j][i];
OUTPUT: cout<<“\n sum of column- no \t ”
<<i+1<<”=”<<csum;
}
getch();
}

29
FLOWCHART 22:

30
31
23. Write a program to find the sum of two compatible matrices.

ALGORITHM 23: PROGRAM 23:

Step 1: Start #include<iostream.h>
Step 2: input m1,n1 #include<conio.h>
Step 3: input m2,n2 void main()
Step 4: for i=0 to m1-1 {
for j=0 to n1-1 int a[10][10],i ,j,m1,
input a[i][j] n1,b[10][10],s[10][10],m2,n2;
[ end for ] clrscr();
[ end for ] cout<<”Enter the order of 1st matrix”;
Step 5: for i=0 to m2-1 cin>>m1>>n1;
for j=0 to n2-1 cout<<”enter the order of 2nd matrix”;
input b[i][j] cin>>m2>>n2;
[ end for ] cout<<”enter the elements of the first matrix”;
[ end for ] for(i=0;i<m1; i++)
Step 6: if(m1=m2 and n2=n2) for(j=0;j<n1; j++)
for i=0 to m1-1 cin>>a[i][j];
for j=0 to n1-1 cout<<”enter the elements of the Second matrix ”;
s[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j] for(i=0;i<m2; i++)
[ end for ] for(j=0;j<n2; j++)
[ end for ] cin>>b[i][j];
Step 7: for i=0 to m1-1 if((m1==m2)&&(n1==n2))
for j=0 to n1-1 {
output s[i][j] for(i=0;i<m1; i++)
[ end for ] for(j=0;j<n1; j++)
[ end for ] s[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
else cout<<”the resultant matrix is :\n ”;
print ”the matrices are not compatible” for(i=0;i<m1; i++)
Step 8: Stop {
OUTPUT: for(j=0;j<n1; j++)
cout<<”\t”<<s[i][j];
cout<<”\n”;
}
}
else
cout<<”the matrices are not compatible”;
getch();
}

32
FLOWCHART 23:

33
 24. Consider an array MARKS[20][5] which stores the marks obtained by 20
students in 5 subjects. Now write a program to
a) Find the average marks obtained in each subject b) Find the average marks
obtained by every student c) Find the number of students who have scored below
50 in their average
double avg;
ALGORITHM 24: clrscr();
Step 1: start cout<<"Enter Marks...:"<<endl;
Step 2: for i = 0 to 2 for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for j = 0 to 3 for(j=0;j<4;j++)
input marks[i][j] cin>>marks[i][j];
[ END for ] cout<<endl<<"Subject Average....\n";
[ END for ] cout<<"\nSUB 1\tSUB 2\tSUB 3\tSUB
Step 3: for i = 0 to 4-1 4"<<endl;
total = 0 cout<<setprecision(5);
for j = 0 to 2 for(i=0;i<4;i++)
total = total + marks[j][i] {
[ END for ] total = 0;
average = total / 3 for(j=0;j<3;j++)
print average total = total + marks[j][i];
[ END for ] avg = total/3;
Step 4: count = 0 cout<<" "<<avg<<"\t";
Step 5: for i = 0 to 2 }
total = 0 cout<<endl<<endl<<"Student Average....\n";
for j = 0 to 3 cout<<"\nStudent \t Average"<<endl;
total = total + marks[i][j] for(i=0;i<3; i++)
[ END for ] {
average = total / 4 total = 0;
if ( average < 50 ) for(j=0;j<4;j++)
count = count + 1 total = total + marks[i][j];
[ END if ] avg = total/4;
print average if(avg < 50)
[ END for ] count++;
Step 6: print count
cout<<" "<<i+1<<"\t\t "<<avg<<endl;
Step 7: stop
}
cout<<"\n\nNumber of students lesss than
PROGRAM 24:
#include<iostream.h> 50% is "<<count<<endl;
#include<conio.h> getch();
#include<iomanip.h>
void main() }
{
int marks[20][5],i,j,total,count=0;
FLOWCHART 24: OUTPUT:
34
25. Write a program to check whether a given string is a palindrome or not.
35
ALGORITHM 25: FLOWCHART 25:
Step 1: start
Step 2: input str
Step 3: copy string str to rstr
Step 4: reverse the string rstr
Step 5: if (str = rstr)
print str ,“ is a palindrome ”
else
print str, “ is not a palindrome ”
[end if]
Step 6: stop

PROGRAM 25:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str[25], rstr[25];

clrscr();
cout<<"Enter String :";
cin.getline(str,25);
strcpy(rstr, str);
strrev(rstr);
if(strcmp(str,rstr)==0)
cout<<str<<" is a Palindrome";
else
cout<<str<<" is Not a Palindrome";
getch();
}

OUTPUT:

26. Write a program to count the number of vowels and consonants in a string.
36
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: input s
Step 3: len = strlen(s)
Step 4: vow = 0
Step 5: cons = 0
Step 6: for i = 0 to len-1
if((st[i] is an alphabet)then
if(st[i]=’A’ or st[i]=’a’ or st[i]=’E’ or st[i]=’e’ or st[i]=’I’ or st[i]=’i’ or st[i]=’O’ or st[i]=’o’
or st[i]=’U’ or st[i]=’u’)
vow = vow + 1
else
cons = cons + 1
[ END if ]
[ END if ]
[ END for ]
Step 7: print vow, cons
Step 8: Stop

PROGRAM 26: break;

#include<iostream.h> default : cons++;
#include<conio.h> }
#include<string.h> cout<<”Number of Vowels :”<<vow<<endl;
#include<ctype.h> cout<<”Number of Consonants :”<<cons<<endl;
void main() getch();
{ }
char s[100]; OUTPUT:
int len,i,cons=0,vow=0;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter String :";
cin.getline(s,100);
len = strlen(s);
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
if(isalpha(s[i]))
switch(toupper(s[i]))
{
case 'A':
case 'E':
case 'I':
case 'O':
case 'U': vow++;

FLOWCHART 26:
37
27. Write a program to find the GCD and LCM of two numbers using functions.
38
ALGORITHM 27:
Step 1: start PROGRAM 27:
Step 2: input a. b
Step 3: g = gcd(a, b) #include<iostream.h>
Step 4: lcm = (a * b)/g #include<conio.h>
Step 5: display g, lcm void main()
Step 6: stop {
int gcd(int, int);
FUNCTION gcd(a,b) int a,b,g,lcm;
Step 1: while(a!=b) clrscr();
if(a>b) cout<<"Enter Two numbers :";
a=a-b cin>>a>>b;
else g = gcd(a, b);
b=b-a lcm = (a * b) / g;
[end if] cout<<"GCD = "<<g<<endl;
[ end while ] cout<<"LCM = "<<lcm<<endl;
Step 2: return a getch();
}
OUTPUT: int gcd(int a, int b)
{
while(a!=b)
{
if(a>b)
a = a - b;
else
b=b-a;
}
return(a);
}

FLOWCHART 27:

39
28. Write a program to find XY using functions.

40 PROGRAM 28:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
ALGORITHM 28:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: input a, n
Step 3: p = expo (a,n )
Step 4: display p
Step 5: stop
FUNCTION expo(a, n)
Step 1: if(a=0)
return(0)
else
if(n=0)
return(1)
else
if(n>0)
return(a * expo(a, n-1))
else
return(expo(a, n+1)/a)
[END if]

OUTPUT:

41
FLOWCHART 28:
29. An industrial organization wants to computerize the Allowance calculations. Given the
monthly Sales for the salesman, the rules for the calculations are as follows:
a. If the total sales is less than Rs. 10000/- there is no allowance.
b. If the total sales is between Rs. 10000/- and Rs. 20,000/- then the Allowance is 10% of the sales
amount or Rs. 1800/- whichever is minimum.
c. If the total sales is greater than or equal to Rs. 20000/- then the allowance is 20% of the sales
amount or Rs.6,000/- whichever is minimum. Write a program using a function to calculate the
allowance.
PROGRAM 29:
ALGORITHM 29: #include<iostream.h>
Step 1 : Start #include<conio.h>
Step 2 : Input sales void main()
Step 3 : allowance = company(sales) {
Step 4 : Print allowance float company(float);
Step 5 : Stop float sales, allowance;
clrscr();
FUNCTION COMPANY(SALES) cout<<"Enter the Sales Value :";
Step 1 : if(sales < 10000) cin>>sales;
allowance = 0.0 allow = company(sales);
else cout<<"\n Allowance = "<< allowance
if(sales >= 10000 && sales < 20000)) <<endl;
allowance = sales * 0.1 getch();
if(allowance > 1800) }
allowance = 1800 float company(float sales)
[ end if ] {
else float allowance;
if(sales >= 20000) if(sales < 10000)
allowance = sales * 0.2 allowance = 0.0;
if(allowance >= 6000) else
allowance = 6000 if(sales>10000 && sales < 20000)
[ end if] {
[ end if ] allowance = sales * 0.1;
[ end if ] if(allowance > 1800.0)
Step 2 : return allowance allowance = 1800.00;
}
else
if(sales >= 20000)
{ allowance = sales * 0.2;
if(allowance > 6000.0)
allowance = 6000.00;
}
return(allowance); }
}
FLOWCHART 29:

OUTPUT:
 30. Write a program to input the register number, name and class of all the students in a class
into a structure and output the data in a tabular manner with proper headings.

ALGORITHM 30:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: input n
Step 3: create a student structure with the members regno, name[20], class[4]
Step 4: declare array of strudent structure as s[50]
Step 5: for i = 0 to n-1
input s[i].regno, s[i].name, s[i].class
[ end for]
Step 6: for i = 0 to n-1
Output s[i].regno, s[i].name, s[i].class
[end for]
Step 7: Stop

PROGRAM 30:
#include<iostream.h> cout<<s[i].rno<<"\t"<<s[i].name<<"\t"
#include<conio.h> <<s[i].sec<<endl;
struct student getch();
{ }
int rno;
char name[30];
char sec[10];
}; OUTPUT:
void main()
{
student s[50];
int i,n;
clrscr();
cout<<"Maximum Students :";
cin>>n;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cout<<"\nStudent # "<<i+1<<endl;
cout<<"Reg. No : ";
cin>>s[i].rno;
cout<<"Name : ";
cin.getline(s[i].name,30);
cout<<"Class: ";
cin>>s[i].sec;
}
cout<<"\n\nREG.NO\tNAME\tCLASS\t\n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
FLOWCHART 30:
 Spread Sheet
1. Eight salesmen sell three products for a week. Using a spreadsheet create a sales report. The
report should include the name of the salesman, Amount of sales for each product and the
salesman’s total sales in the format given below.
1) Type in all text and numbers in the spreadsheet.

2) Format all numbers as a currency.

3) Center the spreadsheet headings across the spreadsheet.

4) Format all text.

5) Create formulae to display a total for each sales rep.

6) Create formulae to display a total for each product.

7) Create a formula to calculate the total sales for all sales rep's for the month.

A B C D E
1 Sales for Month
2 Name Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 Total Sales
Amount Amount Amount
3 =B3+C3+D3

10

11 =SUM(B3:B10
Product Total ) =SUM(C3:C10) =SUM(D3:D10)
12 TOTAL SALES FOR ALL SALES REPRESENTATIVES FOR THE =SUM(E3:E10)
MONTH=

1. Enter the data for the columns name, product1, product2, product3.

2. Resize the worksheet’s rows and columns.

 Select rows  HOME  Cells  Format  Auto fit Row Height.
 Select columns  HOME  Cells  Format  Auto fit column Width.
3. Format all the numbers as currency.
 Select B3 : E12
 Press HOME  Format  Format cells.
 Select Number tab  Choose proper currency from the category list box.
4. To center the spreadsheet heading.
 Select A2:E2
 HOME  Merge and Center.
5. Enter the formula =B3+C3+D3 in the cell E3 to find total sales.

6. Enter the formula =sum (B3:B10) into the cell B11 to find total amount for product1
and apply the formula for product2 and product3 and total sales for all salesmen for the
month.

7. To align worksheet data

 Select the entire table.
 Press ctrl+1 or HOME  Format  Format cells.
 Select Alignment tab  select Center from Horizontal list box and vertical list box 
OK.
2. Enter the following details for 10 employees Employee Code, Employee name, Basic salary, DA,
HRA, Loans, Total salary and Tax.
1) Type the Employee Code, Employee Name, Basic Salary and Loan Amount data for 10
employees in the spreadsheet.

2) Format all numbers as a currency.

3) Center the spreadsheet headings across the spreadsheet.

4) Format all text.

5) Create a formula to compute DA as 50% of the Basic salary.

6) Create a formula to compute HRA as 12% of the Basic salary

7) Create a formula to compute Total salary

8) If Total salary is greater than 5,00,000, compute Tax as 20% of Total salary otherwise 10% of the
Total salary using a formula.

A B C D E F G H I
1 Salary for Month
2 Emp Employe Basic DA HRA Loan Total Annual Tax
code e Name Salary Salary Income
3

10

11

12

1. Enter the details for 10 employees for employee code, name, Basic salary and loan.

2. Resize the worksheet’s rows and columns.

  Select rows  HOME  Cells  Format  Auto fit Row Height.
 Select columns  HOME  Cells  Format  Auto fit column Width.
3. Format all the numbers as currency.
 Select C3:I12
 Press Ctrl+A or HOME  Format  Format cells.
 Select Number tab  Choose proper currency from the category list box.

4. To center the spreadsheet heading.

 Select A1:I1HOME  Merge and Center Apply the formula to compute DA, HRA,
monthly salary, total annual salary, and tax under the respective columns.

5. To align worksheet data.

 Select the entire table
 Press Ctrl+A or HOME  Format  Format cells
 Select Alignment tab  select Center from Horizontal list box and vertical list box 
OK

6. FORMULAE: Apply these formulae for all the cells of the respective columns.

COLUMN CELL
NAME ADDRESS FORMULA

DA D3 =C3*50%

HRA E3 =C3*12%

MONTHLY =C3+D3+E3-F3
G3
SALARY
TOTAL ANNUAL =G3*12
H3
SALARY
=IF(H3>=500000,H3*20%,H3*10%)
TAX I3
3. Enter the following details for 10 Students Register Number, Name, Subject1 Marks, Subject2
Marks, Subject3 Marks, Subject4 Marks, Total Marks and Percentage.
1) Type the Register Number, Name and marks of four subjects’ for10students in the spreadsheet.

2) Format all text and numeric data appropriately.

3) Center the spreadsheet headings across the spreadsheet.

4) Create a formula to compute the Total marks and copy this to all the Cells.

5) Create a formula to compute Percentage and copy this to all the cells.

6) Create a formula to compute the highest and lowest score using a library function.

7) Draw a bar graph for Register Number against total marks.

8) Draw Pie chart for one student showing his marks in different subject from total score

A B C D E F G H I J
1 Test Marks Data of a Class
2 Reg Name Sub 1 Sub 2 Sub 3 Sub 4 Total Perce Highest Lowest
No Marks Marks Marks Marks Marks ntage
3

10

11

12

1. Enter the details for 10 students such as Regno, name, sub1 marks, sub2 marks, sub3
marks, sub4 marks.

2. Resize the worksheet’s rows and columns.

 Select row  HOME  Cell  Format  Auto fit Row Height.
 Select column  HOME  Cells  Format  Auto fit column Width.
3. To center the spreadsheet heading.
 Select A1:I  HOME  Merge and Center.

4. Create the formula to compute total marks, percentage, highest marks and lowest marks in the
respective cells

CELL
COLUMN NAME ADDRESS FORMULA
Total marks G3 =sum(c3:f3)
Percentage H3 =average(c3:f3)
Highest marks I3 =max(c3:f3)
Lowest marks J3 =min(c3:f3)

5. Draw a bar graph for Register number against total marks

 Select the cells G3:G12
 Insert  2 D Bar
 Choose designselect data
 Select Horizontal axis label  Edit  select the cells A3:A12  ok
 Select series1  Edit  type series name as total marks
 Layout  Chart title  Above the chart  type “Total marks of a class with register
number”
 Layout  Axis title  Primary vertical axis  vertical title  type Register number
 Layout  Axis title  Primary horizontal axis  title below axis  type Total marks

6. Draw a pie chart for one student showing his marks in different subjects from total score
 Select the cells C3 : F3
 Insert  pie  2-D pie
 Layout  Chart title  Above the chart  type the respective student name
 Right Click on graph  select data  horizontal axis label  edit  select c2 to f2
headings  ok
4. A housewife maintains the budget expenditure in a spreadsheet under the headings Income and
Expenses. Income includes husband’s and Wife’s income separately under different headings.
Expenses include Rent, Bills, Household expenses and medical expenses.

1. Type the Income and Expenses data for the entire month in the spreadsheet.
2. Format all numbers as currency.
3. Center the spreadsheet headings across the spreadsheet.
4. Create a formula to compute the Total expenditure and copy this to all the cells.
5. Create a formula to compute the savings and copy this to all the cells.
6. Draw a bar graph to show expenditure under each heading.
7. Draw Pie chart to show the distribution of salary.

A B C D E F G H I
1 Budget for the Month
2 Week Income Expenses Total Savings
Number Expenditure
3 Husband Wife Rent Bill Household Medical

4 Week1

5 Week2

6 Week3

7 Week4

8 Total

1. Enter the details for the columns such as week of the month, income for husband and wife, expenses
for rent, bill, house hold, medical for 4 weeks
2. Enter the formula =sum (d4:g4) in the cell h4 to calculate the expenditure. Apply the formula for all
the cells till h8.
3. Select rows  HOME  Cells  Format  auto fit Row Height.
Select columns  HOME  Cells  format  Auto fit column Width.
4. To center the spreadsheet heading
 Select A1:I1
 HOME  Merge and Center.
5. FORMULA:
H4 Total expenditure for Week 1 =SUM(D4:G4)
H8 Total expenditure for month =SUM (H4:H7
D8 Total Rent for Month =SUM(D4:G4)
E8 Total Bill for Month =SUM(E4:E7)
F8 Total Household for Month =SUM(F4:F7)
G8 Total Medical Expense for Month =SUM(G4:G7)
I8 Total Savings For Month =B8+C8-H8
6. Draw a bar graph to show expenditure under each heading.
 Select the cells D8:G8
 Insert  2 D Bar
 Choose design  select data
o Select horizontal axis label  Edit  select the cells D3:G3  ok
o Select series1  Edit  type series name as Expenses.
 Layout  chart title  above the chart  type “Monthly expenditure chart”
 Layout  axis title  primary vertical axis  vertical title  type “Headings”
 Layout  axis title  primary horizontal axis  title below axis  type “amount in Rs”
7. Draw a pie chart to show the distribution of salary.
 Select the cells D8:G8and select I8 holding Ctrl key.
 Insert  pie  2-D pie
 Layout  Chart title  Above the chart  Distribution of monthly salary
 Right Click on graph  select data  horizontal axis label  edit  select d3 to g3
headings  ok
 Right Click on the graph  select data  horizontal axis label  edit  ctrl key +select the
heading savings  ok
5. A Bank offers loan for housing and vehicle at an interest of 10.25% for housing and 14.2% for
vehicle. For all the 5 loan applicants compute the monthly premium (EMI), given total
installments as 24 months. Also compute the monthly interest and monthly principal amount and
the total amount of principal and Interest paid using Financial library functions in a spreadsheet.

A B C D E F G H I J
1 JGI Bank
1st
2
Applic Noof Rate Month
ant Loan Loan Installments of Monthly 1st month principa Total Total
name type amount interest EMI interest l principal Interest

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Enter the details for the columns such as applicant name, loan type , loan amount number of
installment as 24.
Then enter the following formula in the respective cells.

Rate of interest = if (B3="CAR", 14.2%, 10.25%)

Monthly EMI =PMT(E3/12,D3,-C3)

First month interest = IPMT(E3/12,1,D3,-C3)

First month principal =PPMT(e3/12,1,d3,-c3)

Total principal =CUMPRINC(E3/12,D3,C3,1,24,1)

Total interest =CUMIPMT(E3/12,D3,C3,1,24,1)

6. Implement five functions each for arithmetic, date and time, financial, logical, text and statistical
functions, write the syntax, examples and output for simple problems.

Solutions: Click on to start program Microsoft office Microsoft excel

Step 1: Type the formula/function as given in the following tables and observe the result. Formula must start
with equal (=) sign.
Arithmetic functions:

Function Syntax Example Output

= Sum() =sum(range) =sum(24,68,12,41)
=Mod() =mod(dividend, divider) =mod(15,2)
=power() =power(base, exponent) =power(5,3)
=product() =product(num1,num2) =product(25,10)
=sqrt() =sqrt(x) =sqrt(25)

=sum() it find the sum of values of a given range

=mod() it find the remainder from the division
=power() it calculates the x power y
=product() it calculates the product
=sqrt() it find the square root of a number

Date Functions:

Function Syntax Example Output

= date() =date() =date(2015,10,6)
=today() =today() =today()
=day() =day(date) =day(cell reference of
today())
=month() =month(date) =month(cell reference of
today())
=year() =year(date) =year(cell reference of
today())
=date() it returns the serial number of a date. It counts number of days since 1900
=today() it returns today’s date.
=day() it returns day from the given date.
=month() it returns month from the given date.
=year() it returns year from the given date.

Time Functions:

Function Syntax Example Output

= now() =now() =now()
=time() =time(HH,MM,SS) =time(10,15,45)
=hour() =hour(HH,MM,SS) =hour(cell reference of
time())
=minute() =minute(HH,MM,SS) =minute(cell reference of
time())
=second() =second(HH,MM,SS) =second(cell reference of
time())
=now() it returns the today’s date and time
=time() it returns serial number of time
=hour() it extract the hours form the time
=minute()it extract the minute form the time
=second()it extract the seconds form the time

Logical Functions: Type the below table

Function Syntax Example Output

= AND() = AND( expn1,espn2) =AND(2<5,10>20)
=OR() =OR(expn1,espn2) =OR(35=35,22>1)
=NOT() =NOT(expn) =NOT(55>44)
=IF() =IF(condition, =IF(G2>=140,”Pass”,”fail”)
“value_if_true”,”value_if_false”
)
=SUMIF() =SUMIF(range, Criteria) =SUMIF(C2:F2,”<35”)

=AND() it returns TRUE, if expressions are TRUE, otherwise return FALSE

=OR()it returns TRUE, if expressions are TRUE, otherwise return FALSE
=NOT()it returns TRUE, if expressions are TRUE, otherwise return FALSE
=IF() return first value/statement, if condition is TRUE. Otherwise returns second value/statement. i.e result
is depending on condition status.
=SUMIF()it finds the sum of values in a range which are satisfied by the condition.

Text Functions:

Function Syntax Example Output

= CHAR() =Char(ASCII value) = Char(66)
=CODE() =code(character) =Code(“B”)
=LEN() =len(text) =len(“computer”)
=UPPER() =upper(text) =upper(“knowledge”)
=LOWER() =Lower(text) =lower(“SCIENCE”)
=char() it returns a character for a given code
=code() it returns a ASCII value of a character
=len() it counts the number of characters in the input text.
=upper() it converts lower case text into upper case
=lower() it converts upper case text into lower case.
 Web Designing

1. Create a web page to display the syllabus of I PU

Step 1: Start→ all programs→ accessories→ notepad
Step 2: Type the following code and save as syllabus.html
<Html>
<Head>
<Title>I P U Syllabus </Title>
</Head>
<Body Bgcolor=Orange Text=Aqua Size=14>
<H1 Size=12><Center>I P U Computer Science Syllabus </Center></H1>
<Img Src="Computer.Jpg" Align=Left Width="350" Height="450">
<P><Font Face=Times New Roman Size=10 Color=Yellow>
<H2><Center><U> Theory Topics </U></Center></H2></Font>
<Font Face=Arial Size=5 Color=Red>
<B>1:</B>Computer Fundamentals <Br>
<B>2:</B>Problem Solving Techniques<Br>
<B>3:</B>Programming In C++<Br>
<B>4:</B>Elementary Copncepts On Word,Spread Sheet And Web
Designing<Br></Font><Hr><Hr>
<Font Face="Verdana" Size=5 Color=Blue>
<H3><Center><U> Practical Topics</U></Center></H3></Font>
<Font Face=Arial Size=5 Color=Green>
<B>1:</B>C++ Programs<Br>
<B>2:</B>Micro Soft Excel Excersises<Br>
<B>3:</B>Web Designing Using Html<Br></Font></P>
</Body>
</Html>
2. Create a model website for your college, making use of different tags.
Step 1: Click on windows button and select programs and again select accessories and in that click
on notepad option.
Step 2: Type the following code and save as home.html on desktop.
<Html>
<Head>
<Title>Jain College</Title>
</Head>
<Body>
<H1><B><U>Sbm Jain College</U></B></H1>
<H4><Center>Karnataka</Center></H4>
<P><Font Face=”Arial” Size=”5” Color=”Green”>
<Center>Click On One Of The Following Links To Get Additional Information</Center>
<Center>
<A Href=”Address.Html”>College Address</A>
</Center>
</P>
</Body>
</Html>
Step 3 : Open a new file and type the following code.
Step 4: Save the file as courses.html on desktop.
<Html>
<Head><Title>Courses Offered</Title></Head>
<Body>
<H1 Align=”Center”>Courses Offered</H1>
<P><Font Face=”Verdana” Size=”4” Color=”Blue”>
<U><B>Commerce</B></U><Br>
<B>Ceba :</B>Computer Science, Economics, Business Studies, Accountancy<Br>
<B>Smba :</B>Statistics, Mathematics, Business Studies, Accountancy<Br></Font><Hr>
<Font Face=”Times New Roman” Size=”3” Color=”Red”>
<B><U>Science</U></B><Br>
<B>Pcmb :</B>Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology<Br>
<B>Pcmc :</B>Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Computer Science<Br>
<B>Pcme :</B>Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Electronics<Br><Hr>
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 VIVA QUESTIONS

 What is the use of void?

 What is the extention of c++ program?
 Which is the assignment operator?
 How do you print a statement in a newline?
 Which symbol is used for statement Termination?
 What is the use of clrscr() ?
 Which header file is used for clrscr() ?
 Which header file is used for mathematical built in function?
 Which header file is used for character handling function?
 Which are the fundamental data types?
 Which symbol is used for insertion and extraction operator?
 Differentiate = and ==
 Mention 2 types of comments
 Give any 2 arithmetic operators
 Give any 2 logical operators
 Give any 2 relational operators
 Define keyword
 Define variable
 Define constant
 Define identifies
 Define array
 Define structure
 Define function
 Give an example for binary operator
 Give an example for unary operator
 Give an example for ternary operator
 Differentiate entry controlled and exit controlling looping structure
 How do you terminate a looping structure ?
 How do you terminate a program unconditionally?
 Name any 2 unconditional branching statements
 Define actual parameter
 Define formal parameter
 Which statement is called multiway decision statement
 Differentiate call by value and call by reference
 Mention any 2 manipulator functions
 Which is fixed execution structure
 Define cell
 How do we copy same data to other cells?
 Using which operator formula should be entered in a cell?
 What is cell address?
 Name any 2 types of charts
 Name any one mathematical function and it's purpose
 Name any one financial function and it's purpose
 Give any one logical function with it's purpose
 Give any one statistical function with it's purpose
 How do you format a cell from date formate to number format?
 What is the extention of spreadsheet?
 Give keystrokes to a) Cut text b) Copy text c) Paste text d) Select entire document
 Expand HTML
 Define webpage
 Define website
 What is a home page?
 Why <title> tag is used in HTML?
 Give an example for a web browser
 Define web browser
 What is empty tag?
 What is the extension of HTML file?
 List the different types of lists
 Which tag is used to insert an image into HTML page?
 What is marquee tag?
 List text formatting tags in HTML and give their purpose
 Differentiate <br> and <p>
 Which are the attributes of font tag?
 Differentiate container tag and empty tag