Maths

Application of Derivatives

Previous Year Question

.
1. Find the intervals in which the function f ANS:
given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 is increasing. 𝑑𝑦
slope of tangent = = 2𝑥
ANS: 𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 slope at x = 2 is 4
𝑓′(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4
5. The length 𝑥 of a rectangle is increasing at
𝑓′(𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 2𝑥 = 4 𝑥 = 2
the rate of 4𝑐𝑚/𝑠 and the width 𝑦 is
So R divides into two intervals (−∞, 2] and
decreasing at the rate of 5𝑐𝑚/𝑠 . Find the
[2, ∞) rates of change of its area when
𝑓′(−1) = 2(−1) = −2 < 0 𝑥 = 10𝑐𝑚 and 𝑦 = 5𝑐𝑚.
𝑓(𝑥) is decreasing on (−∞, 2] [2][2022 March]
𝑓′(3) = 2(3) − 4 = 2 > 0
𝑓(𝑥) is increasing on [2, ∞) ANS:
Given
2. Find the rate of change of the area of a circle 𝑑𝑥 4𝑐𝑚 𝑑𝑦
= and
with respect to its radius r when 𝑑𝑡 𝑠 𝑑𝑡
r=3 cm. = −5𝑐𝑚/𝑠
[3][2023 Model] Area of rectangle , 𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
ANS: =𝑥 +𝑦
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Area of the circle 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 = 10(−5) + 5(4)
then
𝑑𝐴
= 2𝜋𝑎 = 2 × 𝜋3 = −30𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠
𝑑𝑟
= 6𝜋𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠 6. Show that the function
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 + 5 is strictly increasing
3. The rate of change of area of a circle with
on R.
respect to its radius, when radius 6 cm is
ANS:
(a)10𝜋
𝑓′(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 3 = 3(𝑥 2 + 1) > 0
(b)12𝜋
So 𝑓(𝑥) is strictly increasing on R.
(c)8𝜋
(d)11𝜋
[1][2022 Model] 7. The radius of a circle is increasing
uniformly at the rate of 5 𝑐𝑚/𝑠. Find the
ANS:
rate at which the area of the circle is
12𝜋
increasing when the radius is 8 𝑐𝑚.
4. Slope of the tangent to the curve ANS:
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1 at the point (2,5) is Let 𝑟 be the radius and 𝐴 be the area of
the circle.

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 𝑑𝑟 𝑐𝑚 𝑑𝑦
Then =5 × 3 = −1
𝑑𝑡 𝑠 𝑑𝑥
Let 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 5 25 10
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = , 𝑦 = − +7
= 2𝜋𝑟 ⋅ = 2𝜋𝑟 × 5 6 36 6
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 217
𝑑𝐴 =
= 10𝜋𝑟 ] = 10𝜋 × 8 36
𝑑𝑡 𝑟=8 5 217
= 80𝜋𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠 Point is ( , )
6 36
∴ Equation of tangent is
8. Find the equation of the tangent line to the 𝑑𝑦 217
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = (𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) 𝑦 −
curve 𝑑𝑥 36
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 7 which is 1 5
= − (𝑥 − ) 36𝑦 − 217
(i) Parallel to the line 3 6
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 9 = 0 = −12𝑥 + 10 12𝑥 + 36𝑦 − 227
(ii) Perpendicular to the line
5𝑦 − 15𝑥 = 13 =0
[6][2021 Model]
ANS: 9. Verify Rolle's theorem for the function
(i) Given 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 7
𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑥 − 2 [3][2021 March]
𝑑𝑥
Tangent is parallel to 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 9 = 0 ANS:
∴ Slope of tangent = slope of f(x) = x 2 +2x – 8
given line (i)f is continuous in [-4,2]
𝑑𝑦 −2 (ii)f is differentiable in (-4,2)
= 2𝑥 − 2
𝑑𝑥 −1 (iii)f(-4) = 0 = f(2)
= 2 2𝑥 = 4 𝑥 = 2
f। (x) = 2x + 2
When 𝑥 = 2,
By Rolle's theorem
𝑦 = (2)2 − 2(2) + 7 = 7
f ' (c) = 0
∴ Point is (2,7)
2c + 2 = 0
Equation of tangent is
𝑑𝑦
c = -1 Є (-4, 2)
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = (𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) ⇒ Rolle's theorem is verified.
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 − 7 = 2(𝑥 − 2)
𝑦 − 7 = 2𝑥 − 4 ⇒ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3 = 0
(ii) Tangent is perpendicular to 10. Find the rate of change of the area of a
5𝑦 − 15𝑥 = 13 circle with respect to its radius 𝑟 when
ie., −15𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 13 = 0 𝑟 = 5 𝑐𝑚.
∴ Slope of tangent 𝑥 slope of given [3][2021 March]
line = −1 ANS:
𝑑𝑦
× 3 = −1 Let 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −1 −1 𝑑𝐴
= 2𝑥 − 2 = 2𝑥 = 2𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑥 3 3 𝑑𝐴
1 5 5 ] = 2𝜋 × 5 = 10𝜋
𝑑𝑟 𝑟=5
= 2 − = ,𝑥 =
3 3 6

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11. (i) Find the slope of the tangent to the f। (x) > 0 in (−∞, −3/2) , hence increasing
curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 at 𝑥 = 2. f। (x) < 0 in (−3/2, −∞) , hence
(ii) Find the equation of tangent to the decreasing.
above curve.
(iii) What is the maximum value of the
function 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥?
[6][2021 March] 13. Verify Rolle's theorem for the function f(x)
= x 2 + 4x – 3 , in the interval [–5, 1]
ANS: ANS:
(i) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 f (x) = x2+4x − 3 is continuous in [−5,1]
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= 3𝑥 2 − 1 f। (x) = 2x + 4 exit on (−5,1)
𝑑𝑦 f(−5)=2=f(1)
Slope of tangent = ]
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=2
∴f। (c) = 0
= 3(4) − 1 = 11
2C+4 =0
(ii) 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) C=−2Є (-5, 1)
𝑥 = 2 , 𝑦 = 23 − 2 = 6 Hence Rolle's theorem is verified.
Point is (2,6)
𝑦 − 6 = 11(𝑥 − 2) 14. (i) Find slope of the tangent to the curve
⇒ 11𝑥 − 𝑦 = 16 y= x2 + 1 at x=1.
(iii) 𝑓 (𝑥) = sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 , (ii) Find the equation of the normal to the
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 curve y= x2 + 1 at (1,2).
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛 − cos [4][2021 Imp]
𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)
′( )
𝑓 𝑥 =0 ANS:
𝑑𝑦
𝜋 i) = 2x
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
4 slope of the tangent at x=1 is 2×1=2
1 1 1
𝑓 ′′ (𝜋/4) = − ( + ) = −√2 < 0 ii) Slope of the normal =−
√2 √2 2
∴ 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 ∴Equation of the normal is y−y1 =m(x-x1)
1
𝜋 y−2= − (x-1)
𝑥= 2
4 2y−4=−x+1 , x+2y−5=0
𝜋
Max. value = 𝑓 ( )
4
1 1 2 15. (i) Which of the following function is
= + = = √2 always increasing on R ?
√2 √2 √2
(a) sin x
12. Find the interval at which (b) 2 cos x
f(x) = 10 – 6x – 2x 2 is increasing or (c) x 3
decreasing. (d) x 2
ANS: (ii) Show that the function f , given by
f। (x) = −6 − 4x f(x) = x 3 – 3x 2 + 4x, x Є R. is always
increasing on R .
f। (x) = 0
−6 − 4x = 0
∴ x = −3/2

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 (iii) Find the minimum value of the (i) Given; 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 1
function f(x) = x 2 + 1, x Є R. (a) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 − 12𝑥
[6][2021 Imp] For point at which tangents parallel to 𝑥
axis is when
ANS: 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 6𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 0,2
(i)C)x 3 Then the tangents lines are
(ii) f। (x) = 3x2 −6x + 4 𝑦 = 𝑓(0) = 1 ⇒ 𝑦 = 1 and
=3(x2−2x+1) + 1 𝑦 = 𝑓(2) = −7 ⇒ 𝑦 = −7
=3(x-1)2+1>0 (b) The turning point 𝑥 = 0,2 divides the
∴f(x) is always increasing on R . domain into the following
(iii)f। (x) =2x intervals (−∞, 0), (0,2), (2, ∞) Clearly,
f। (x) =0 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) < 0, 𝑥 ∈ (0,2).
x=0 Hence 𝑓(𝑥) is decreasing in the
f।। (x)=2>0 interval(0,2)
∴Minimum value of f(x)=02+1=1. (ii) Given, 𝑥 and 𝑦 be the length and
breadth of the rectangle at an instant 𝑡.
OR 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= −5, =4
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Given; 𝑥 = 8 and 𝑦 = 6
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦 ⇒ =𝑥 +𝑦
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑡
𝑑𝐴
⇒ = (8)(4) + (6)(−5) = 2
𝑑𝑡

17. (i) The slope of the tangent to the curve

f(x)=x2+1
𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 at (0,1) is
f(0)=02+1
a) 1 (b) 2 (C) 0 (d) - 1
∴Minimum value of f(x)=1.
(ii) Find the equation of a line
16. (i) Consider the function perpendicular to the above tangent (tangent
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 1 obtained in part(i)) and passing through
(a) Find the equation of tangents parallel to (2,3) [3][2020 March]
𝑥 axis.
ANS:
(b) Find the intervals in which the function
(i) (b) 2
𝑓 is decreasing. 𝑑𝑦
(ii) The length 𝑥 of a rectangle is Given; 𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 ⇒ = 2𝑒 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
decreasing at the rate of 5 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 and the Slope of tangent = 2𝑒 2(0) = 2(1) = 2
1
width 𝑦 is increasing at the rate (ii) Slope of the perpendicular line = −
2
of 4 𝑐𝑚/𝑠. When 𝑥 = 8 𝑐𝑚 and 𝑦 = 6 𝑐𝑚, Equation of the perpendicular line is
find the rate of change of the area of the 1
𝑦 − 3 = − (𝑥 − 2) 2𝑦 − 6
rectangle. 2
[6][2020 Model] = −𝑥 + 2 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 8 = 0
ANS:

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18. (i) Find the intervals in which the function ii) Find the equation of the normal to the
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5 strictly curve y=2x2+3𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 at the point (0,0).
increasing or decreasing. ANS:
(ii) Find the equation of tangent and (i)−1/3
normal for the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 at (1,1). (ii) The equation of the given curve is
(iii)Find local maximum and local y=2x2+3sinx…….(1)
minimum if any for the function putting x=0 in 1, we get , y=0
𝜋
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥,0 < 𝑥 < so,the point of contact is (0,0)
2
[4][2020 March] Now, y =2x2+3sinx
𝑑𝑦
=4x+3 cos x
𝑑𝑥
ANS: 𝑑𝑦
(0,0)=3
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5 𝑑𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −1 So, the equation of the normal at (0,0) is
The turning point divide the domain into y−0=−⅓(x−0)
the following intervals x+3y=0
(−∞, −1); (−1, ∞)
20. Find the intervals in which the function f
𝑓 ′ (−2) = 2(−2) + 2 < 0
given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 is
So decreasing in (−∞, −1)
(i) increasing
𝑓 ′ (0) = 2(0) + 2 > 0
(ii) decreasing
So increasing in (−1, ∞)
𝑑𝑦
[4][2020 Imp]
(ii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 ⇒ = 3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
Slope at (1,1) = 3(1)2 = 3 ANS:
Equation of tangent is Given, f(x)=2x2-3x
𝑦 − 1 = 3(𝑥 − 1) ⇒ 𝑦 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0
Differentiating w.r.t x,f' (x)=4x-3
Equation of normal is
1
𝑦 − 1 = − (𝑥 − 1 ) On putting f' (x)=0, we get 4x-3=0⇒x=3/4
3
⇒ 3𝑦 + 𝑥 − 4 = 0
The point x=3/4 divides the real line into
(iii) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
two disjoint intervals namely
ℎ2 (𝑥) = (sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥)2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 2 sin xcos 𝑥 (-∞,3/4) and (3/4,∞)
= 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
The maximum value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 = 1
Maximum value of ℎ2 (𝑥) is 2
Hence maximum value of ℎ(𝑥) = √2.

19. i) Slope of the tangent to the curve

y=2x2+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 at x=0 is
a) 3
b) 0
c)−1/3
d) 5

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 Hence, f(x) is strictly increasing (3/4,∞) 𝑥2 28−𝑥 2
Thus total area = + [ ]
and strictly decreasing on (-∞,3/4). 4𝜋 4
𝑑𝐴 2𝑥 2
= + (28 − 𝑥)(−1)
21. i) Find the intervals in which the function f 𝑑𝑥 4𝜋 16
given by f(x)=x2-4x+ 6 is strictly 𝑥 28 − 𝑥
= −
increasing. 2𝜋 8
𝑑𝐴
ii) An iron wire of length 28m is to be cut Lets take = 0
𝑑𝑥
into two pieces. One of the pieces is to be Thus
𝑥
−
28−𝑥
= 0……..(1)
made into a square and the other into a 2𝜋 8

circle. What should be the length of the 4𝑥 + 28𝜋 − 𝜋𝑥

two pieces so that the combined area of the 4𝑥 + 𝜋𝑥 = 28𝜋
square and the circle is minimum. 𝑥[4 + 𝜋] = 28𝜋
28𝜋
ANS: 𝑥=
(i)Given function is f(x)=x2-4x+ 6 4+𝜋
Other part
Now differentiate given equation w.r.t x ,
28𝜋
we get = 28 − 𝑥 = 28 −
4+𝜋
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4 112 + 28𝜋 − 28𝜋
For the function to be strictly increasing, =
4+𝜋
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) must be greater than zero. 112
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4>0 =
4+𝜋
x >2 i.e x Є (2,∞) Now again differentiating, we get
For the function to be strictly decreasing , 𝑑2 𝐴 1 1
𝑓 ′ (x) must be less than zero. 2
= + = +𝑣𝑒
𝑑𝑥 2𝜋 8
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4<0 A is minimum.
x <2 i.e x 𝜖(−∞,2) when 𝑥 =
28𝜋
and 28 − 𝑥
4+𝜋
(ii)Let one part be of length x, then the 112
=
other part be 28−x. 4+𝜋
Let the part of the x be covered into a
22. a) Find the slope of tangent line to the
circle of radius.
𝑥 curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1
2𝜋𝑟 = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑟 = b) Find the equation to the above curve
2𝜋

Area of circle = 𝜋𝑟 2 which is parallel to the line

2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 9 = 0.
𝑥
= 𝜋( )2 [3][2019 March]
2𝜋
ANS:
𝑥2 𝑑𝑦
= a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 ⇒ = 2𝑥 − 2
4𝜋 𝑑𝑥

Now second part of length 28−x is converted ⇒ 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 2𝑥 − 2

into square b) Since the tangent is parallel to the line
28−𝑥 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 9 = 0,
Side of a square =
4 both have same slope.
28−𝑥 2
Area of square= [ ] Slope of the line 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 9 = 0 is 2 .
4
⇒ 2𝑥 − 2 = 2 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2 ⇒ 𝑦 = 1

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 Therefore, the point is (2,1)
Hence the equation of the tangent line is
𝑦 − 1 = 2(𝑥 − 2) ⇒ 𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 3 = 0

23. A cuboid with a square base and 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛

volume 'V" is shown in the figure:

(i) Identify the points at which the function

𝑓(𝑥) have a local maximum and local
minimum.
(ii) Find the intervals on which the
function 𝑓(𝑥) strictly decreasing.
(iii) Find the absolute maximum and
a) Express surface area ' 𝑆 ' as a function absolute minimum values of 𝑓(𝑥) interval
of 𝑥. [−1,4].
b) Show that the surface area is minimum [4][2019 Imp]
when it is a cube.
[4][2019 March] ANS:
(i) The function has local maximum at 𝑥 =
ANS: 0,2
𝑉
a) 𝑉 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 ⇒ 𝑦 = (ii) Decreasing in the interval (0,2), since
𝑥2
𝑉 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) < 0
𝑆 = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 (iii) Absolute maximum is 10 and absolute
𝑥2
4𝑉 minimum is −10.
= 2𝑥 2 +
𝑥
𝑑𝑆 4𝑉 25. Find the equation of all lines having slope
b) = 4𝑥 −
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 2 and being tangent to the curve
𝑑𝑆
= 0 ⇒ 𝑉 = 𝑥 3 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑉 1/3
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑆 8𝑉 𝑑2 𝑆 𝑦+ =0
=4+ ⇒ =4+8>0 𝑥−3
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥3 𝑑𝑥 2
[4][2019 Imp]
Therefore 𝑆 is a minimum.
𝑉 𝑥3
ANS:
𝑦= = =𝑥 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑥2 𝑥2 =
Therefore cuboid becomes cube. 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 − 3)2

24. The figure shows the graph of a function Given slope as 2;

2
𝑓(𝑥) and it's derivative 𝑓 ′ (𝑥). Using these 2= 2
⇒ (𝑥 − 3)2 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2,4
(𝑥−3)
graphs answer the following questions Equation of tangent through (2,2)
(𝑦 − 2) = 2(𝑥 − 2)) ⇒ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2
Equation of tangent through (4, −2)
(𝑦 + 2) = 2(𝑥 − 4)) ⇒ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 10

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26. Equation of a curve is in the form of a 𝑑𝑦
i) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 7 ⇒ = 2𝑥 − 2
𝑑𝑥
third-degree polynomial. It has local
Slope at 𝑥 = 2 is 2 × 2 − 2 = 2
maxima and local minima at x=1 and x=3
𝑑𝑦 Equation of the tangent is
i. Write (𝑦 − 𝑦1 ) = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) ⇒ (𝑦 − 7)
𝑑𝑥
ii. If the curve passes through the point = 2(𝑥 − 2) ⇒ 𝑦 − 7
(3,1) , then find the equation of the curve. = 2𝑥 − 4 → 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3 = 0
ii) c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
ANS: 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(i)
𝑑𝑥
=(x−1)(x−3) 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
=x2−4x+3 For turning points;
(ii)𝑑𝑦=(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 = 0
∫𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥 ⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 1
𝜋 𝜋
=(𝑥 3 /3) − 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝑐 ⇒𝑥= ∈ (0, )
4 2
passes through (3,1) ′′ 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
∴ 1 = 9 − 18 + 9 + 𝑐 𝑓 ( ) = − sin − cos
4 4 4
c=1 1 1
=− − = −√2 < 0
√2 √2
27. Find rate of change of area of a circle. 𝜋
𝑓 (𝑥) maximum at 𝑥 =
a) with respect to the radius, when 𝑟 = 4
𝜋
10cm Maximum value = 𝑓 ( )
4
b) with respect to the time when the radius 𝜋 𝜋
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠
is increasing at the rate of 0.7 𝑐𝑚/𝑠. Given 4 4
1 1
that 𝑟 = 5 𝑐𝑚 = + = √2
2
√ 2 √
[3][2018 Model]
29. i) 𝑓(𝑥) is a strictly increasing function, if
ANS:
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) is
i) Area of a circle 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2
𝑑𝐴 a) positive b) negative
= 𝜋2 × 𝑟 = 2𝜋 × 10 = 20𝜋 c) 0 d) None of these.
𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟
ii) 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ⇒ = 𝜋2𝑟 ii) Show that the function 𝑓 given by
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is strictly
= 2𝜋 × 5 × 0.7 = 7𝜋𝑐𝑚 /𝑠
increasing.
28. i) Find the equation to the tangent to the [3][2018 March]
curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 7 at (2,7)
ii) Find the maximum value of the ANS:
function? i) a) Positive.
[4][2018 March] ii) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
4
= 3 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 − 1 + )
ANS: 3
𝜋 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥, 0 < 𝑥 < = 3 ((𝑥 + 1)2 + ) > 0
2 3

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30. i) Find the slope of the tangent to the 32. Consider the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 + 3
curve 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 at 𝑥 = 1. a) Find the point on the curve at which the
ii) Find a point at which the tangent to the slope of the tangent is 20 .
curve 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 is parallel to the b) Does there exist a tangent to the curve
chord joining the point 𝐴(2,0) and 𝐵(4,4) with negative slope? Justify your answer.
iii) Find the equation of the tangent to the [4][2018 Imp]
above curve and parallel to the line 𝐴𝐵. ANS:
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥, 𝑎 > 0 and a) = 3𝑥 2 + 8
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 = 4𝑎𝑦, 𝑎 > 0 Slope is given as 20
[4][2018 March] 20 = 3𝑥 2 + 8 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±2
ANS: Therefore points (2,27), (−2, −21)
𝑑𝑦
i) = 2(𝑥 − 2) ⇒ Slope = 2(1 − 2) b) No. 3𝑥 2 + 8 ≥ 0 (Always positive for
𝑑𝑥
= −2 any value of 𝑥.
𝑦2 −𝑦14−0
ii) Slope of 𝐴𝐵 = = =2
𝑥2 −𝑥1 4−2 33. (i) The slope of the normal to the curve,
Here; 2(𝑥 − 2) = 2 ⇒ 𝑥 = 3; 𝑦 = 1 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 at (1,2) is
iii) Equation of the tangent line is 1
(𝑎) 1 (𝑏) (𝑐) 2 (𝑑) − 1
𝑦 − 1 = 2(𝑥 − 3) ⇒ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5 2
(ii) Find the intervals in which the function
31. 2𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 1 is strictly
increasing.
[4][2017 March]

ANS:
(i) (d) - 1
A rectangular plot is to be fenced using a (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 1
rope of length 20 meters with one of sides 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 + 12
is a wall as shown in the figure. Find the = 6(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2)
maximum area of such rectangle. = 6(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0
[3][2018 Imp] ⇒ 6(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
ANS: ⇒ 𝑥 = −1, −2
Therefore, the intervals are
(−∞, −2); (−2, −1); (−1, ∞)
In the interval (−∞, −2)
𝑓 ′ (−3) = 6(−3 + 1)(−3 + 2) > 0
Therefore increasing
Length = 20 − 2𝑥, breadth = 𝑥
In the interval (−2, −1)
𝐴 = 𝑥 (20 − 2𝑥) = 20𝑥 − 2𝑥 2
𝑓 ′ (−1.5)
𝐴′ (𝑥) = 20 − 4𝑥 ⇒ 𝐴′ (𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 5
= 6(−1.5 + 1)(−1.5 + 2) < 0
𝐴′′ (𝑥) = −4 < 0
Therefore decreasing
Hence 𝐴 is maximum at 𝑥 = 5
In the interval (−1, ∞)
Maximum area = 5 × 10 = 5
𝑓 ′ (0) = 6(0 + 1)(0 + 2) > 0
Therefore increasing

+919645998855
34. Find two positive numbers whose sum is (i)4𝜋
16 and sum of whose cubes is minimum. (ii)𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (16 − 𝑥)
ANS: 𝑆 = 𝑥 3 + (16 − 𝑥)3
Let the numbers be 𝑥 and 16 − 𝑥. 𝑑𝑠
= 3𝑥 2 + 3(16 − 𝑥)2 × −1
Then, 𝑑𝑥
𝑆 = 𝑥 3 + (16 − 𝑥)3 𝑑𝑠
=0 ⇒ 𝑥=8
⇒ 𝑆 ′ = 3𝑥 2 + 3(16 − 𝑥)2 (−1) 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑆 ′′ = 6𝑥 + 6(16 − 𝑥) 𝑑2 𝑠
= 6𝑥 + 6(16 − 𝑥)
For turning points 𝑆 ′ = 0 𝑑𝑥 2
⇒ 3𝑥 2 − 3(16 − 𝑥)2 = 0 𝑑2 𝑠
𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 8 > 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 162 + 32𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 0 𝑑𝑥 2
⇒ −162 + 32𝑥 = 0 Numbers are 8 and 8.
16 × 16
⇒𝑥= = 8 (1) 36. a) Slope of the tangent to the curve
32
𝑦 = 5 − 10𝑥 2 at the point is(−1, −5)
⇒ 𝑆 ′′ = 6(8) + 6(16 − 8) > 0
a) 10
Therefore minimum at 𝑥 = 8
b) −10
Thus the numbers are 8 and
c) 20
16 − 8 = 8.
d) −20
35. i) Find the interval in which 2𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 + b) Show that of all rectangles inscribed in a
12𝑥 − 1 is strictly increasing. fixed circle, the square has the maximum
OR area
i) The rate of change of volume of a sphere
OR
with respect to its radius when radius is 1
unit a) Maximum value of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 in
a)4𝜋 [1, 𝑒] is
b)2𝜋 i) 1
c)𝜋 ii)𝑒
𝜋
d) iii)1/𝑒
2
ii) Find positive number whose sum is 16 iv) 0
and the sum of whose cubes is minimum. b) Using differentials, find the approximate
ANS: value of (255)1/4 [5][2017 Imp]
(i)𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 + 12
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)=0 ANS:
𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 − 2 a)20
The intervals may be (−∞,−2) , (−2,−1) b)
and (−1,∞)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)>0 is(−∞,−2) and (−1,∞)
𝑓 (𝑥) is increasing in (−∞,−2) and
(−1,∞)
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4𝑟 2
OR 𝑥
Area A= √4𝑟 2 − 𝑥 2

+919645998855
 𝑑𝐴 4𝑟 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑓(𝑥) has minimum value at 𝑥 =
1
= 2
𝑑𝑥 √4𝑟 2 − 𝑥 2 1
𝑑𝐴 minimum value is 𝑓 ( ) = 3
2
= 0 𝑥 = √2 r
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝐴 38. Which of the following function has
< 0, A is minimum
𝑑𝑥 2 neither local maxima nor local minima?
𝑥 = √2 𝑟 , 𝑦 = √2 𝑟 (i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥
OR
(iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 3
a)1/𝑒
1 1 (iv) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 + |𝑥|
b)255 =[256 + (−1)]
4 4
1 [1][2016 March]
𝑦 = 𝑥 4 , 𝛥𝑥 = −1
1 −3 −1 ANS:
𝛥𝑦 = 𝑥 4 ✕ 𝛥𝑥 =
4 256 (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥
1 1
2564 = 4 − = 3.9961
256
39. a) Find the intervals in which the function
37. (a) Find the intervals in which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 24𝑥 + 25 is increasing or
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6 is strictly decreasing.
decreasing. [4][2016 Imp]
(b) Find the minimum and maximum
value, if any, of the function OR
𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 − 1)2 + 3
[4][2016 March] a) The rate of change of area of a circle
with respect to radius r , when r=5cm
ANS: i)25𝜋𝑐𝑚2 /𝑐𝑚
(a) Given; 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6 ii)25𝑐𝑚2 /𝑐𝑚
⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4 iii)10𝜋𝑐𝑚2 /𝑐𝑚
For turning points; 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4 = 0 iv)10𝑐𝑚2 /𝑐𝑚
⇒𝑥=2 b) Show that of all rectangles with a given
So, volume is maximum when h=2r area, the square has the last perimeter.
The intervals are (−∞, 2); (2, ∞) ANS:
When ℎ = 2𝑟 a)𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 24𝑥 + 25
𝑓 ′ (0) = 2 × 0 − 4 = −4 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 − 24
Therefore 𝑓(𝑥) is decreasing in (−∞, 2) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 0
(b) 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 − 1)2 + 3 ⇒ 6𝑥 2 − 24 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 2 = 4
⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2(2𝑥 − 1) × 2 ⇒ 𝑥 = −2,2
⇒ 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 8 Therefore the intervals are
For turning points; 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 8𝑥 − 4 = 0 (−∞, −2); (−2,2); (2, ∞)
1 𝑓(𝑥) is increasing in the intervals
⇒𝑥= (−∞, −2); (2, ∞)
2
𝑓(𝑥) is decreasing in the intervals (−2,2)
OR

+919645998855
 a)10𝜋𝑐𝑚2 /𝑐𝑚 𝑣 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ ⇒
𝑑𝑣
= 𝜋 [𝑟 2
𝑑ℎ
+ 2𝑟ℎ
𝑑𝑟
]
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
b) 2(
= 𝜋[𝑟 −1) + 2𝑟ℎ(1)]

= 𝜋[−25 + 150] = 125𝜋

y
41. (a)Find the equation of the
2 2
tangent to the curve 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 2 at (1,1).
x (b) Find two positive numbers whose sum
is 15 and the sum of whose squares is
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑥𝑦 minimum. [4][2015 Imp]
𝐴 ANS:
∴𝑦=
𝑥 2 2
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑃 = 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 (a) Given; 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 2 ;
𝑃 = 2𝑥 + 2
𝐴 differentiating w.r to 𝑥 ;
𝑥 2 1 2 1 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑃 𝐴 𝑥3 + 𝑦3 =0
=2−2 3 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 1 𝑑𝑦 1
𝑑𝑃
=0 ⇒ 𝑦 −3 = −𝑥 −3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 1
𝑥 = 𝐴 ∴ 𝑋 = +√𝐴 , −√𝐴 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 3
𝑑2 𝑃 4𝐴 ⇒ = −( )
= 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥3 𝑑𝑦
𝑑2 𝑃 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = ( ) = −1
at 𝑥 = √𝐴, 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑥 (1,1)
𝑑𝑥
∴ the perimeter of the rectangle is least Equation of tangent is;
when x=y=√𝐴 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) ⇒ 𝑦 − 1
Hence the perimeter of the rectangle is = −1(𝑥 − 1)
least when it is a square. ⇒𝑥+𝑦 =2
(b) Let the numbers be 𝑥, 15 − 𝑥.
40. (a) Which of the following function is
𝑆(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + (15 − 𝑥)2
always increasing?
= 2𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 225
(i) 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
For turning points;
(ii) 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 15
(iii) 2𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥 𝑆 ′ (𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 30 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 =
2
′′
(iv) 2𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 𝑆 (𝑥) = 4 > 0 therefore maximum
15
(b) The radius of a cylinder is increasing at ∴𝑥= is the point of local
2
a rate of 1 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 and its height decreasing maximum of 𝑆.
at a rate of 1 𝑐𝑚/𝑠. Find the rate of change 15 15
The numbers are ,
of its volume when the radius is 5 𝑐𝑚 and 2 2

the height is 5𝑐𝑚. 42. (i) Which of the following function is

[4][2015 March] Increasing for all values of 𝑥 in its
domain?
ANS: (a) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 (b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥
(a) (iv) 2𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 (c) 𝑥 2 (d) |𝑥|
𝑑𝑟 𝑑ℎ
(b) Given; =1⇒ = −1 (ii) Find the maximum profit that a
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

+919645998855
 company can make, if the profit function is perimeter, the square has the maximum
given by 𝑝(𝑥) = 41 − 24𝑥 − 6𝑥 2 area. [4][2013 March]
[3][2014 March]
ANS:
ANS: (i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 4
(i) (b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 Differentiating w.r.t 𝑥,
(ii) Given; 𝑝(𝑥) = 41 − 24𝑥 − 6𝑥 2 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 15
′( )

𝑝′ (𝑥) = −24 − 12𝑥 𝑝′′ (𝑥) = −12 = 3(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5)

For turning points = 3(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 1)
𝑝′ (𝑥) = −24 − 12𝑥 = 0 = 3((𝑥 − 2)2 + 1) > 0, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
⇒ 𝑥 = −2 Therefore 𝑓 is strictly increasing in 𝑅.
Since 𝑝′′ (𝑥) = −12 always maximum (ii) Let 𝑥 and ybe the length and breadth
Therefore maximum value of a rectangle with area 𝐴
𝑝(−2) = 41 − 24(−2) − 6(−2)2 and perimeter 𝑃
= 65 𝑃
∴ 𝑃 = 2(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) ⇒ 𝑦 = − 𝑥
2

43. (a) Find the intervals in which the function 𝑃

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 ( − 𝑥)
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5 is strictly increasing. 2
𝑃
(b) A spherical bubble is decreasing in = ( 𝑥 − 𝑥2)
volume at the rate of 2 𝑐𝑚3 /𝑠𝑒𝑐. Find the 2
Differentiating w.r.t 𝑥,
rate of which the surface area is 𝑑𝐴 𝑃 𝑑𝐴
diminishing when the radius is 3 𝑐𝑚. = − 2𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛; =0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑃 𝑃
[5][2014 Imp] ⇒ − 2𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 =
2 4
ANS: 𝑑2 𝐴
(a) Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5 = −2 < 0,
𝑑𝑥 2
⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 2 > 0 𝑃
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 =
gives 𝑥 > 1 4
𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃
⇒𝑦 = −𝑥 ⇒𝑦 = − =
𝑓(𝑥) is increasing in 𝑥(1, ∞) 2 2 4 4
4 𝑑𝑣 4 𝑑𝑟 𝑃
(b) 𝑣 = 𝜋𝑟 3 ⇒ = 𝜋3𝑟 2 Hence 𝑥 = 𝑦 = , so it is square.
3 𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡 4
𝑑𝑣
Given = −2 45. A right circular cylinder is inscribed in a
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 1
⇒ −2 = 4𝜋𝑟 2
⇒ =− 2 given cone of radius 𝑅𝑐𝑚 and height 𝐻𝑐𝑚
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝑆 𝑑𝑟 as shown in the figure.
𝑆 = 4𝜋𝑟 2 ⇒ = 8𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑆 1 4
⇒ = 8𝜋 × 3 × − 2 = −
𝑑𝑡 2𝜋3 3
Surface area is diminishing at the rate of
4/2 𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠𝑒𝑐.

44. (i) Show that the function i) Find the Surface Area 𝑆 of the circular
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 4 is strictly cylinder as a function of 𝑥.
increasing in R. ii) Find a relation connecting 𝑥 and 𝑅
(ii) Show that all rectangles with a given when 𝑆 is a maximum

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 [6][2013 Imp] ANS:
ANS: (i) Given; 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5
(i) There are two similar triangles 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 6
𝛥𝐷𝐽𝐵 and 𝛥 DHF = 3(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2)
𝐻 𝑅
Hence; = ⇒ 𝑥𝐻 = 𝑅𝐻 − 𝑅ℎ = 3(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 + 1)3(𝑥 − 1)2 + 1)
𝐻−ℎ 𝑥
𝐻 >0
⇒ℎ=𝐻− 𝑥
𝑅 For any value of 𝑥, 𝑓(𝑥) is a strictly
𝐻 increasing
𝑆 = 2𝜋𝑥ℎ = 2𝜋𝑥 (𝐻 − 𝑥)
𝑅 (ii) Given; 𝑓 (𝑥) = sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 ;
𝐻 2
= 2𝜋𝐻𝑥 − 2𝜋 𝑥 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋
𝑅 ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝐻
(ii) 𝑆 ′ = 2𝜋𝑡 − 4𝜋 𝑥; 𝑆 ′′ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⇒ cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 = 0
𝑅
𝐻 𝜋 5𝜋
= −4𝜋 ⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 = ,
𝑅 4 4
For turning points 𝑆 ′ = 2𝜋𝐻 − 𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
The intervals are [0, ), ( , ) , ( , 2𝜋]
𝐻 4 4 4 4
4𝜋 𝑥 = 0
𝑅
2 𝑅 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
⇒1− 𝑥 =0⇒𝑥 = 𝑓 ′ ( ) = cos − sin
𝑅 2 6 6 6
′′
Since 𝑆 < 0; Sis always negative
𝑅
√3 1
and hence Maximum at 𝑥 = = − >0
2 2 2
𝜋
∴ 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 [0, )
4
46. Find two numbers whose sum is 24 and
whose product is as large as possible. 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
ANS: 𝑓 ′ ( ) = cos − sin
3 3 3
Let the numbers be x and 24 − 𝑥. Then, 1 √3
𝑆 = 𝑥 2 + (24 − 𝑥)2 = − <0
2 2
⇒ 𝑆′ = 2𝑥 + 2(24 − 𝑥)(−1) 𝜋 5𝜋
∴ 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 ( , )
4 4
⇒ 𝑆" = 2 + 2 = 4. . . . . . . (1) 4𝜋 4𝜋 4𝜋
′
For turning points 𝑆 ′ = 0 𝑓 ( ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛
3 3 3
⇒ 2𝑥 − 2(24 − 𝑥) = 0
𝜋 𝜋
⇒ 4𝑥 − 48 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 12 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 + ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜋 + )
3 3
(1) ⇒ 𝑆" = 4 > 0 𝜋 𝜋 1 √3
Therefore minimum at x=12 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = − + >0
3 3 2 2
5𝜋
Thus the numbers are 12 and 24-12=12 ∴ Strictly increasing in ( , 2𝜋]
4

47. (i) Show that the function 48. (i) The radius of a circle is increasing at
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5 is strictly
the rate of 2 𝑐𝑚/𝑠. Find the rate at which
increasing on 𝑅. area of the circle is increasing when radius
(ii) Find the interval in which the function is 6 𝑐𝑚.
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋 is (ii) Prove that the function
strictly increasing or strictly decreasing. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 is strictly increasing in
[6][2012 Imp] 𝜋 𝜋
(0, ) and strictly decreasing in ( , 𝜋)
2 2

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 (iii) Find the maximum and minimum For turning points 𝑆 ′ = 0
value of the function ⇒ 2𝑥 − 2(8 − 𝑥) = 0
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 15 ⇒ 4𝑥 − 16 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 4
[6][2011 March] (1) ⇒ 𝑆 ′′ = 4 > 0
ANS: Therefore minimum at 𝑥 = 4
𝑑𝑟
(i) Given; = 2 and 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 Thus the numbers are 4 and
𝑑𝑡
Differentiating with respect to 𝑡, 8 − 4 = 4.
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟
= 2𝜋𝑟 = 2𝜋(6)(2) = 24𝜋 50. a) A particle is moving along the curve
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2
(ii) Given; 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 1 . Find the point on the curve
3
1 at which the y-coordinate is changing
⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 is
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 twice as fast as the x-coordinate.
𝜋 𝜋
positive in (0, ) and negative in ( , 𝜋). b) Consider the function
2 2
𝜋 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥
Hence 𝑓(𝑥) is strictly increasing in (0, ) 𝑓(𝑥) = ,𝑥 > 0
2 𝑥
𝜋 i) Find 𝑓′(𝑥) and 𝑓 𝑒 (𝑥)
and strictly decreasing in ( , 𝜋)
2 ii) For what value of x , the function 𝑓(𝑥)
(iii) Given; 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 15 has a maximum? [6][2010 March]
⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9
ANS:
⇒ 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 12
a) Given:
For turning points
2
⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9 = 0 𝑦 = 𝑥3 + 1
3
⇒ 3(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3) = 0 charge in y-coordinate =2 times (the
⇒ (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 1) = 0 change in x-coordinate)
⇒ 𝑥 = 3,1 𝑑𝑦
⇒ 𝑓 ′′ (3) = 6(3) − 12 > 0 local. 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑑𝑥 , =2
𝑑𝑥
minimum and minimum value is 𝑑𝑦
To find the point at which = 2 in the
𝑓(3) = 33 − 6(3)2 + 9(3) + 15 = 15 2
𝑑𝑥
3
⇒ 𝑓 ′′ (1) = 6(1) − 12 < 0 local equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1
3
maximum and 2
Consider 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 1
3
maximum value is
Differentiate with respect to x
𝑓(1) = 33 − 6(1)2 + 9(1) + 15 = 19
𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑥 2
49. Find two positive numbers such that Their 𝑑𝑥
sum is 8 and the sum of their squares is 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 2 = 2 [∴ = 2]
minimum. 𝑑𝑥
[3][2011 Imp] 𝑥 2 = 1 , 𝑥 = +1, −1
5
If 𝑥 = 1; 𝑦 =
3
ANS:
1
Let the numbers be 𝑥 and 8 − 𝑥. Then, 𝑥 = −1 ; 𝑦 =
3
𝑆 = 𝑥 2 + (8 − 𝑥)2 5 1
∴ (1, ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−1, ) are the required
⇒ 𝑆 ′ = 2𝑥 + 2(8 − 𝑥)(−1) 3 3
⇒ 𝑆 ′′ = 2 + 2 = 4 … … (1) points.

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 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥
b)Let 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥
1
𝑥( )−𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥
𝑥
𝑓′(𝑥) =
𝑥2
1−𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥
=
𝑥2
′( )
For maximum , 𝑓 𝑥 = 0
1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥
⇒ = 0 ⇒ 1 − log 𝑥 = 0
𝑥2
⇒ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 1
𝑥=𝑒
−1
𝑥 2 ( ) − (1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥)(2𝑥)
𝑓"(𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑥4
−𝑒 − (1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑒)(2𝑒)
𝑓"(𝑒) =
𝑒𝑦
−1
= 3 <0
𝑒
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑒
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥
Maximum value 𝑓 (𝑥) =
𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑒 1
⇒ 𝑓(𝑒) = =
𝑒 𝑒
51. (i) Show that the function
𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 4
is strictly increasing in 𝑅.
[2][2010 March]

ANS:
(i) Given; 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 4
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 15
= 3(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5)
= 3(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 1)
= 3(𝑥 − 2)2 + 1) > 0
For any value of 𝑥, 𝑓(𝑥) is a strictly
increasing

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