RPH REVIEWER HERNANDEZ

MODULE 6 - MONASTIC SUPREMACY IN THE PHILIPPINES

LA SOBERANIA MONACAL EN FILIPINAS

• Or AKA the monastic Supremacy in the Philippines, was first published in Barcelona, Spain in 1889. Reprinted in
PH in 1898.
• Written by Marcelo H. Del Pilar y Gatmaitan
o From Kupang, Bataan.
o Pen Name: Plaridel / Dolores Manapat, Piping Dilat, Siling Labuyo.

Taxation During Spanish Period

• Taxation refers to compulsory or coercive money collection by an authority.

• It is a means by which governments finance their expenditure by imposing charges on citizens and corporate
entities.

Why does the government collect taxes?

• To provide all people with basic services such as education, health, infrastructure, and other social services.
• Used to pay our government personnel and officials such as doctors, teachers, lawyers, and soldiers.

ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM

• System of giving lands.

• Encomenderos must defend his encomienda from external attack, maintain peace and order, and support the
missionaries. In return, the encomenderos were given the right to collect taxes from Indians (natives).

TAXES PAID BY THE FILIPINOS

1. Tributo - Ang tributo ay buwis na binabayaran ng mga Pilipino na nasa tamang gulang sa pamahalaang Espanyol.
Ang buwis sa pagkamamamayan ay tinawag na tributo.
2. Sanctorum - The Sanctorum is the tax paid to support the church.
3. Donativo
4. Caja De Comunidad
5. Land Tax

REVOLTS AGAINST PAYING TAXES

• Cagayan and Dingras Revolts (1589)

- The first native revolts.
• Agustin Sumuroy’s Revolts (1649-1650)
- June 1, 1649, against Spaniards over the Polo y Servicio / force labor system, started in Samar.
- The capture and execution of Sumoroy with the seven key lieutenants, on June 1650 led to the eventual defeat
of rebels.
• Francisco Maniago Revolt (1660-1661)
- 1660, Maniago, Kapamangan, led an uprising in Pampanga.
- 8 months of not being paid for their labor and sales that resulted to start a bloodier revolt in Pangasinan.
• Andres Malong Revolt (1660-1661)
- Maestro of de Campo of Binalatongan / San Carlos City, Pangasinan revolt.
- He proclaimed himself, King of Pangasinan.
MODULE 7 – DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF CRIES OF THE REVOLUTION
Katipunan – July 7,1896

KKK – Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang, Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan

Deodato Arellano – Unang Pinuno ng Katipunan

Roman Basa – Ikalawang Pinuno ng Katipunan

Andres Bonifacio – Ikatlong Pinuno (Utak ng Katipunan/Supremo)

Emilio Aguinaldo – Ikaapat na nagging Pinuno ng Katipunan

TWO FUNCTIONS OF KATIPUNAN (ILLEGITIMATE GORT)

Bonifacio Magdalo – With violence / force

Emilio Aguinaldo – Magdiwang – peace, and independence through diplomacy/treaty

Pinagmulan ng Rebolusyon ng Katipunan

• Ipinatapon si Rizal sa Dapitan, Zamboanga, Davao

• Claro M. Recto
• Pondo – Monthly Contribution – Reale Currency

Tatlong Miyembri ng Katipunan

1. Katipon – ordinary member (usually women)

• Password – Anak ng Bayan
• Wearing Black Hood
2. Kawal – soldiers of Katipunan
• Password – GomBurZa
• Wearing Green Hood
3. Bayani – mataas na tao sa Katipunan
• Password – Rizal
• Wearing Red Hood

Kataas-taasang Sanggunian – Sangguniang Bayan – Sangguniang Balangay

MASONIC RITES

VERSIONS OF CRY

Pio Valenzuela’s Controversial “Cry of Pugad Lawin” (August 23, 1896)

• It was at Pugad Lawin, in the house, store-house, and yard of Juan Ramos, son of Melchora Aquino, where over
1,000 members of the Katipunan met and carried out considerable debate and discussion on August 23, 1986. The
discussion was on whether or not the revolution against the Spanish government should be started on August 29,
1986. After the tumultuous meeting, many of those present tore their cedula certificates and shouted “Long live
the Philippines! Long live the Philippines!” / “Mabuhay ang Pilipinas! Mabuhay ang Katipunan!”
• First Printing Press – “Ang Kalayaan”; Editorial Chief – Marcelo Del Pilar

Santiago Alvarez’s The “Cry of Bahay Toro” (August 24, 1896)

 • Sunday, August 23, 1896, as early as 10 a.m., at the barn of Kabesang Melchora Aquino, at a place called
Sampalukan, a barrio of Bahay Toro, Katipuneros met together. About 500 of these arrived, ready and eager to
join the “Supremo” Andres Bonifacio and his men.
• Monday, August 24, 1896, there were about 1,000 Katipuneros … The “Supremo” decided to hold a meeting inside
the big barn. Under his leadership, the meeting began at 10 o’clock in the morning … It was 12 o’clock noon when
the meeting adjourned amidst loud cries of “Long live the Sons of the Country” (Mabuhay ang mga Anak ng
Bayan/Katipunan)!

Gregoria de Jesus’ Version of the First “Cry” (August 25, 1896)

• This version was written by no other than the “Lakambini of the Katipunan” and wife of Andres Bonifacio, Gregoria
de Jesus.
• Si aklang tinataboy ng bawat bahay na pinuntahan nya.

Guillermo Masangkay’s The “Cry of Balintawak” (August 26, 1896)

• This version is written by Katipunan General Guillermo Masangkay. He is an eyewitness of the historic event and
a childhood friend of Bonifacio. According to him, the first rally of the Philippine Revolution happened on August
26, 1896, at Balintawak. Correspondingly, the date and site presented were accepted by the preliminary years of
the American government.
• May 10, 1897, Bonifacio died.
• June 12, 1898, Araw ng Kalayaan
• Emilio Aguinaldo asks between Spain and American
• Treaty of Paris – Spaniards sold the Ph to the Americans for 20,000,000 dollars (December 10, 1898)

MODULE 8 – FILIPINO VS. AMERICAN WAR

Early 1899 – nagsimula ang gera dahil may pinatay na mga Pilipino

Guerilla Movement – Revolution against the Americans

1901- Nadakip si Emilio Aguinaldo

➢ Americans establish educational Institutions using the English Language

➢ Jone Law in 1916 of Williams Jones, PH will only be free from America when we learn to establish our own
government with 3 branches of the gov’t and 2 branches of the senate.

Tydings-McDuffie Law (1934) – Ph undergoes 10 years establishing period by having our own gov’t.

- Manuel L. Quezon – 1935, First Pres of Commonwealth

- Sergio Osmena – 1935, First Vice Pres of Commonwealth

1941 – Japan Era / Early Stage of WWII

- 3 years of colonization with too many deaths in Death March (Bataan to Tarlac) with 76k people including
Americans
- After bombing Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, 10 hours later, Japan bombed the Philippines.

1943 – Nakalaya sa mga Hapon

July 4,1946 – Nakalaya sa mga Americano

MODULE 9 – PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS
1. Emilio Aguinaldo (Jan 23, 1899 – Mar 23, 1901)
- Youngest President
- Malolos Institution
2. Manuel L. Quezon
- Commonwealth
- Ama ng Wikang Pambansa
- Open Doors
- Sakdal Sakdalista
3. Jose P. Laurel (1891 -1959)
- Japanese Occupation
-KALIBAPI – KAPISAN SA PAGLILINGKOD SA BAGONG PILIPINAS
-Jose Paciano Laurel y Garcia
- Ikalawang Republika ng Pilipinas
- Puppet Governor
- Mahasay na Judge
- Bill or Rights
- Lyceum of the Philippines University
- National Teachers College
- Philippine Banking Corporations
- Beriberi Disease
- Shortage of food
4. Sergio Osmeña
- 2nd Commonwealth
- The Tydings Bill
- Bell Trade Bill
- Founder of El Nuevo Day (The New Day) Newspaper
5. Manuel Roxas
- 1st president of 3rd republic
-Malolos to 3rd republic
-Bell Trade Act
6. Elpidio Quirino
- 2nd Pres of 3rd Rep.
- Social Justice Program
- Post-War Reconstruction
- General economic Gains
- Hydroelcetriv Project in Lanao
- Burgos Irrigation Project in Zambales
- Restoration of Peace and Order
- Total Economic Mobilization
- Problems: Lack of funds, Corruption
- HUK PROBLEM: Terrorism and Disruption of Peace and Order
7. Ramon Magsaysay ( Dec 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957)
- 3rd Pres. Of 3rd Rep.
- Land reform Problems
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 - HukBaLAHap Rebellion
- Lack of Funding
- Cleanest and most corruption-free
- Golden Years
- Trade and Industry Flourished
- “Champion of the Masses” and “Defender of Democracy”
8. Carlos P. Garcia
-4th pres of 3rd Rep.
- Anti-Communism
- Filipino First Policy
- Austerity Program
- Cultural Revival Program
- Bohlen-Serrano Agreement
- Creation of the International Rice Institute
9. Diosdado Macapagal
-5th Pres in 3rd Rep.
-Poor boy from Lubao
-MAPHILINDO -MALAYSIA, PHILIPPINES, INDONESIA
10. Ferdinand Marcos
- 6th Pres of 3rd Rep.
- 4th Republic in his 4th term
- Martial Law
- EDSA PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION
- NEW SOCIETY

11. Corazon Aquino

- 2nd pres of 4th Rep
- 5th Republic
- Icon of Democracy

12. Fidel V. Ramos

- 2nd Pres of 5th Rep.
- Five Point Program
- Most effective president
- Peace talks with rebels MNLF and NPA
- Death Penalty
- BOT or Built- Operate- Transfer System
- Prob: Misuse of funds/massive corruption
13. Joseph Estrada
- 3rd Pres of 5th Rep.
- War Against Moro Islamic Liberation Front
- 2nd EDSA REVOLUTION
14. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
- 4th Pres of 5th Rep.
-Oakwood Mutiny
-Pamahay
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 -NACC -National Anti-Crime Commission
-EPIRA -Electric Power Industry Republic Act
-Oakwood Mutiny
-Coup D'etat
-Manila Peninsula Rebellion (MAGDALO)
-ESTRADA PARDON
-ECONOMY
-AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
-FERTILIZER FUND CAM
-HELLO GARCI CONTROVERSY
ELECTORAL SABOTAGE(KASO)
-RA 9710 -Magnacartaz
15. Benigno Aquino III
-5th Pres of 5th Rep.
-Public-Private Partnership
-pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
-RH Law
16. Rodrigo Duterte
- Train Law and Comprehensive Tax Reform Program
17. Ferdinand Marcos Jr.
-The RA. 11934 -The SIM Card Registration

-executive order no.

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