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P1 Coordinate Geometry B

This document provides examples and explanations of concepts relating to linear equations and their graphs in 2D space. It covers finding the equation of a line given a point and slope/gradient, finding parallel and perpendicular lines, finding the equation of a perpendicular bisector, and calculating the angle between two lines using their gradients. It contains multiple examples demonstrating how to apply these concepts to find equations and angle measures between lines.

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ugintan2
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79 views14 pages

P1 Coordinate Geometry B

This document provides examples and explanations of concepts relating to linear equations and their graphs in 2D space. It covers finding the equation of a line given a point and slope/gradient, finding parallel and perpendicular lines, finding the equation of a perpendicular bisector, and calculating the angle between two lines using their gradients. It contains multiple examples demonstrating how to apply these concepts to find equations and angle measures between lines.

Uploaded by

ugintan2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIE A-Level Mathematics (9709) Pure Maths 1

Eg 1.2.1: y  2x  5

gradient:
y-intercept:

Eg 1.2.2 Find an equation of the line that passes through the point (2,3) and point (1, 2).

PREPARED BY DEREK WONG 7


CIE A-Level Mathematics (9709) Pure Maths 1

1.2.3 Parallel and Perpendicular lines


parallel: m1  m2 perpendicular: m1 m2  1

Note:
i) The equation for x-axis is y = 0.

ii) The equation for y-axis is x = 0.

iii) The equation for the line passes through point (h, k) and parallel the x-axis is

iv) The equation for the line passes through point (h, k) and parallel the y-axis is

PREPARED BY DEREK WONG 8


CIE A-Level Mathematics (9709) Pure Maths 1

Eg 1.2.3
Find an equation of the line that passes through the point (2,3) and is perpendicular to
4
the line y   x  5 .
7

PREPARED BY DEREK WONG 9


CIE A-Level Mathematics (9709) Pure Maths 1

Eg 1.2.4

PREPARED BY DEREK WONG 10


CIE A-Level Mathematics (9709) Pure Maths 1

Eg 1.2.5

PREPARED BY DEREK WONG 11


CIE A-Level Mathematics (9709) Pure Maths 1

Eg 1.2.6

PREPARED BY DEREK WONG 12


CIE A-Level Mathematics (9709) Pure Maths 1

1.3 Perpendicular bisector line


A line that cut through the mid-point of point A and point B, and perpendicular to the line
AB is known as the perpendicular bisector of line AB.

Perpendicular bisector line joining the points AB


A

Midpoint of AB

Let A(xa, ya) and B(xb, yb)


midpoint of AB, M =

Gradient of the perpendicular bisector of AB =

The equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line joining points A and B is

PREPARED BY DEREK WONG 13


CIE A-Level Mathematics (9709) Pure Maths 1

Eg 1.4.3

PREPARED BY DEREK WONG 24


CIE A-Level Mathematics (9709) Pure Maths 1

Eg 1.4.4

PREPARED BY DEREK WONG 25


CIE A-Level Mathematics (9709) Pure Maths 1

Eg 1.4.5

PREPARED BY DEREK WONG 26


CIE A-Level Mathematics (9709) Pure Maths 1

1.5 Angle between lines


1.5.1 Relationship between gradient and tangent

B (xb, yb)

θ
A (xa, ya)

yb  y a
tan θ = m 
xb  x a

1.5.2 Angle between linear line and x-axis

y = mx + c

θ
x
Since tan θ = m
m = tan -1 θ

PREPARED BY DEREK WONG 27


CIE A-Level Mathematics (9709) Pure Maths 1

Eg 1.5.1
Given that the equation of the line l is x – 2y = -1, find the angle, in degrees correct to 1
decimal place, between l and the x-axis.

PREPARED BY DEREK WONG 28


CIE A-Level Mathematics (9709) Pure Maths 1

1.5.3 Acute angle between two linear lines


L1: y = m1 x + c

θ
L2: y = m2 x + k
x
Let α = angle between L1 and x-axis
β = angle between L2 and x-axis

L1: y = m1 x + c

α
β

L2: y = m2 x + k
x

Since θ = α – β and m1 = tan α, m2 = tan β

θ=α–β

θ = tan -1 m1 – tan -1 m2

PREPARED BY DEREK WONG 29


CIE A-Level Mathematics (9709) Pure Maths 1

Eg 1.5.2
The equation of the line l is x – 2y = -1 and the equation of the line m is 9x – 2y = 11.
Find the angle, in degrees correct to 1 decimal place, between l and m.

PREPARED BY DEREK WONG 30

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