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Engine Stroke

The document discusses the meaning of the term "stroke" in the context of internal combustion engines. It defines a stroke as a phase in the engine's cycle, such as the compression or exhaust stroke, where the piston travels up or down. It also refers to the type of power cycle used, such as a two-stroke or four-stroke engine. Finally, it defines stroke length as the distance traveled by the piston during each cycle, which along with bore diameter determines the engine's displacement.

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49 views3 pages

Engine Stroke

The document discusses the meaning of the term "stroke" in the context of internal combustion engines. It defines a stroke as a phase in the engine's cycle, such as the compression or exhaust stroke, where the piston travels up or down. It also refers to the type of power cycle used, such as a two-stroke or four-stroke engine. Finally, it defines stroke length as the distance traveled by the piston during each cycle, which along with bore diameter determines the engine's displacement.

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Stroke (engine)
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In the context of an internal combustion engine, the term stroke has the following related
meanings:
 A phase of the engine's cycle (e.g. compression stroke, exhaust stroke), during which the
piston travels from top to bottom or vice versa.
 The type of power cycle used by a piston engine (e.g. two-stroke engine, four-stroke engine).
 "Stroke length", the distance travelled by the piston during each cycle. The stroke length,
along with bore diameter, determines the engine's displacement.

Phases in the power cycleEdit


The phases/strokes of a four-stroke engine.
1: intake
2: compression
3: power
4: exhaust

Commonly used engine phases or strokes (i.e. those used in a four-stroke engine) are
described below. Other types of engines can have very different phases.

Induction-intake strokeEdit
The induction stroke is the first phase in a four-stroke (e.g. Otto cycle or Diesel cycle)
engine. It involves the downward movement of the piston, creating a partial vacuum that
draws an air-fuel mixture (or air alone, in the case of a direct injection engine) into the
combustion chamber. The mixture enters the cylinder through an intake valve at the top of the
cylinder.
Compression strokeEdit
See also: Compression ratio

The compression stroke is the second of the four stages in a four-stroke engine.

In this stage, the air-fuel mixture (or air alone, in the case of a direct injection engine)
is compressed to the top of the cylinder by the piston. This is the result of the piston moving
upwards, reducing the volume of the chamber. Towards the end of this phase, the mixture is
ignited, by a spark plug for petrol engines or by self-ignition for diesel engines.
Combustion-power-expansion strokeEdit
The combustion stroke is the third phase, where the ignited air-fuel mixture expands and
pushes the piston downwards. The forcecreated by this expansion is what creates an engine's
power.
Exhaust strokeEdit
The exhaust stroke is the final phase in a four stroke engine. In this phase, the piston moves
upwards, squeezing out the gasses that were created during the combustion stroke. The gasses
exit the cylinder through an exhaust valve at the top of the cylinder. At the end of this phase,
the exhaust valve closes and the intake valve opens, which then closes to allow a fresh air-
fuel mixture into the cylinder so the process can repeat itself.
Types of power cyclesEdit
The thermodynamic cycle used by a piston engine is often described by the number of strokes
to complete a cycle. The most common designs for engines are two-stroke and four-stroke.
Less common designs include five-stroke engines, six-stroke enginesand two-and-four stroke
engines.
Two-stroke engineEdit
Two-stroke engines complete a power cycle every two strokes, which means a power cycle is
completed with every crankshaft revolution. Two-stroke engines are commonly used in
(typically large) marine engines, outdoor power tools (e.g. lawnmowers and chainsaws) and
motorcycles. [1]
Four-stroke engineEdit
Four-stroke engines complete a power cycle every four strokes, which means a power cycle
is completed every two crankshaft revolutions. Most automotive engines are of a four-stroke
design.[1]
Stroke lengthEdit
The stroke length is how far the piston travels in the cylinder, which is determined by
the cranks on the crankshaft.
Engine displacement is calculated by multiplying the cross-section area of the cylinder
(determined by the bore) by the stroke length. This number is multiplied by the number of
cylinders in the engine, to determine the total displacement.
Steam engineEdit
The term stroke can also apply to movement of the piston in a locomotive cylinder.
References

Last edited 3 days ago by Materialscientist

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