Routing Protocols

Static Routing Protocol

Default Routing Protocol

Dyanamic Routing Protocol –

RIP – Routing Information Protocol

OSPF – Open Shortest Path First
 Static Routing Protocol

20.0.0.0/30 40.0.0.0/30

R-1 R-2 R-3

.1 .2 .1 .2

10.0.0.0/24
30.0.0.0/24 50.0.0.0/24
Configuration Example:

Enabling L3 Features on Interfaces –

configure> modify parameter-group interface ge-02
configure> set bridging enable no
configure> set ip router system
configure> set ip ipv4 enable yes
configure> set ip ipv4 address 10.0.0.0/24
configure> save
Similarly, we will enable L3 Features on all Interfaces of Switch/Routers

Now Configuring Static Routing Protocol on Routers –

On Router-1-

create parameter-group ip-route ipv4-static

set enable yes
set destination 50.0.0.0/24
Set destination 40.0.0.0/24
Set destination 30.0.0.0/24
set router system
set next-hop gateway 20.0.0.2
save
Configuration Example:
On Router-3-
create parameter-group ip-route ipv4-static
set enable yes
set destination 10.0.0.0/24
Set destination 20.0.0.0/24
Set destination 30.0.0.0/24
set router system
set next-hop gateway 40.0.0.1
save
Exit

On Router-2
Configure> Create parameter-group ip-route ipv4-static
Set enable yes
Set destination 10.0.0.0/24
Set router system
Set next-hop gateway 20.0.0.1
Set destination 50.0.0.0/24
Set router system
Set next-hop gateway 40.0.0.2
Save
Configuration Verification – On Router-1

Operational> Show route summary system

>> Destination : 30.0.0.0/24

40.0.0.0/24
50.0.0.0/24
Gateway(s) : { ge-01-16 20.0.0.2 }
Source : static
Flags : -

Removing IPv4 Static Route

operational>configure
modify parameter-group ip-route ipv4-static
set enable no
save
 Dynamic Routing Protocol

RIP – Routing Information Protocol

- RIP is a open protocol
- RIP is a dynamic protocol
- RIP is a distance vector routing protocol.
- It supports 15 hop count
- Metric – Hope Count
- Administrative Value - 120
- It supports up to 15 hop count
- Its periodic update time is 30 sec
- Hold down time – 6x periodic update

Configuring RIP on Switches

On Switch -1
1. Enabling IPv4 feature in router parameter group of Switch-1
operational> configure
configure> modify parameter-group router system
configure> set ipv4 enable yes
configure> save

2. Enabling RIP in router parameter group of Switch-1

operational> configure
configure> modify parameter-group router data
configure> set ipv4 rip enable yes
configure> save
3. Enabling IPv4 feature in interface parameter group, and disabling bridging feature

configure> modify parameter-group interface ge-02

configure> set bridging enable no
configure> set ip router system
configure> set ip ipv4 enable yes
configure> set ip ipv4 address 10.0.0.0/24
configure> save
4. Enabling RIP in interface parameter group of Switch-1, where Switch-2 connected interface

configure> modify parameter-group interface ge-02

configure> set ip ipv4 rip enable yes
configure> save
configure>exit
operational>

Configure>Modify parameter-group interface ge-01

Set bridging enable no
Set ip router system
Set ip ipv4 enable yes
Set ip ipv4 address 10.0.0.0/24
Set ip ipv4 rip enable yes
Save
Steps to Configure RIP on any L-3 Switch –

1. Enable IPv4 feature in router parameter group and then enable rip in router PG

Configure> modify parameter-group router system

Set ipv4 enable yes
Set ipv4 rip enable yes
Save

2. Disable bridging feature in interface parameter group and enable IPv4 feature in interface
parameter group for each interface. Then provide ip address on each interface. And then
enable RIP in interface PG.

Modify parameter-group interface ge-01

Set bridging enable no
Set ipv4 enable yes
Set ip ipv4 address x.x.x.x/n - where ‘n’ is subnet mask
Set ipv4 rip enable yes
Save
Configuration verification:
1. RIP enabled on interface can be displayed using ‘show interface details’ command in operational mode.

operational> show interface details ge-01

IPv4 information
----------------
Address : 1.1.1.2
Netmask : 255.255.255.0
Preference : 1
Metric : 1
Routing protocols : rip
RIP information
---------------
Protocol : Running
Passive : no
Mode : send-and-receive
Metric : 1
Authentication : disabled
Active neighbours : 1
To see the routing table, following command is used.

operational> show router details system

To view the RIP neighbor ship execute ‘show rip neighbor summary’ command in diagnose mode

diagnose> show rip neighbor summary ge-01

OSPF – Open Shortest Path First -

• It is open protocol
• It is Link state protocol
• Metric – Cost – Lower cost is preferred (Cost depends on Bandwidth, higher the
bandwidth, lower the cost.
• Hello Interval – 10 sec
• Dead Interval – 4x Hello Interval
• Administrative Value –110
• Area should be defined
• Neighbor ship relation is created
• Neighbor can be in same area.

• Type of Routers in OSPF

• - Area Border router
• - ASBR – Autonomous System Boundary routers
• - Backbone Routers
Basic OSPF Configuration - Single Area OSPF

Steps to Configure:
1. Enter configure mode.
2. Modify router parameter group instance ‘system’.
3. Set ipv4 ospf-v2 enable parameter to ‘yes’ and set router id.
4. Save the configuration.
5. Create ospf-v2-area parameter group.
6. Set area identifier and router details.
7. Set enable parameter to ‘yes’.
8. Save the configuration.
9. Modify interface parameter group instance.
10. Set ipv4 ospf-v2 enable parameter to ‘yes’ and set area id, priority parameter values.
11. Save the configuration
12. Exit configure mode
Configuration Example:
1. Enable ospf-v2 in router parameter group. (Need to be enabled in all 3 switches)

configure> modify parameter-group router system

configure> enter ipv4 ospf-v2
[ router:"data" > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set router-id 1.1.1.1
configure> save

2. Create ospf-v2-area parameter group. (Same ospf-v2 area parameter group need to be created in all 3 switches)

configure> create parameter-group ospf-v2-area

configure> set area router system
configure> set area identifier 0.0.0.0
configure> set enable yes
configure> save
3. Enable ospf-v2 in interface parameter group. (Switch-1 exit interface towards Switch-2)

configure> create parameter-group interface ge-01

configure> enter ip ipv4 ospf-v2
[ interface:"ge-01" > ip > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set area-id 0.0.0.0
configure> set priority 10
configure> save

3. Enable ospf-v2 in interface parameter group. (Switch-1 exit interface towards Switch-2)

configure> create parameter-group interface ge-01

configure> enter ip ipv4 ospf-v2
[ interface:"ge-01" > ip > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set area-id 0.0.0.0
configure> set priority 10
configure> save
Configuration verification:
1. Validation of ospf-v2 configuration in router parameter group

operational> show router details system

> Router : system
General information
-------------------
Router ID : 24580
State : up
Interfaces : 1
Remote transport ports : 0
Routing gateways : 1

Local addresses : 1
Sockets : 1
Flags : ----- -----
...
OSPFv2 information
------------------
Router ID : 1.1.1.1
Number of areas : 0
Preference : 50
SPF hold count : 0
2. Verification of ospf-v2 configuration on interface parameter group
operational> show interface details ge-01
OSPFv2 information
------------------
Area : 0.0.0.0
Interface type : Broadcast
Cost : 1
Passive : no
State : Designated router
Authentication : enabled
Neighbour count : 1
Hello interval : 10 second(s)
Dead interval : 40 second(s)
Retransmit interval : 5 second(s)
Transmit delay : 1 second(s)
TTL security enabled : no
Priority : 2
Designated router address : 172.4.0.3
Designated router identifier : 12.12.12.3
Backup designated router address : 172.4.0.5
Backup designated router identifier : 10.10.10.15
...
3. Verification of ospf-v2 neighbors

diagnose> show ospf-v2 neighbour summary { system 0.0.0.0 }

> Interface : ge-01
Address Router ID State
---------------------------------------
172.4.0.5 10.10.10.15 Full
Number of OSPFv2 neighbours displayed : 1
diagnose>
Multi Area OSPF
Steps to configure:

Follow below steps to configure across all the switches

1. Enter configure mode.

2. Modify router parameter group instance.
3. Set ipv4 ospf-v2 enable parameter to ‘yes’ and set router id.
4. Save the configuration.
5. Create ospf-v2-area parameter group.
6. Set area identifier and router details.
7. Set enable parameter to ‘yes’.
8. Save the configuration.
9. Modify interface parameter group instance.
10. Set ipv4 ospf-v2 enable parameter to ‘yes’ and set area id, priority parameter values.
11. Save the configuration
12. Exit configure mode

On Switch-1, Switch-2 & Switch-3, similar configuration like previous example.

Configuration on Sw4
1. Enable ospf-v2 in router parameter group
configure> modify parameter-group router system
configure> enter ipv4 ospf-v2
[ router:"data" > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set router-id 1.1.1.1
configure> save

2. Create ospf-v2-area parameter group

configure> create parameter-group ospf-v2-area
configure> set area router system
configure> set area identifier 1.1.1.1
configure> set enable yes
configure> save

3. Enable ospf-v2 in interface parameter group.

configure> create parameter-group interface ge-02
configure> enter ip ipv4 ospf-v2
[ interface:"ge-02" > ip > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set area-id 1.1.1.1
Configuration on Sw1
1. Enable ospf-v2 in router parameter group
configure> modify parameter-group router system
configure> enter ipv4 ospf-v2
[ router:"data" > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set router-id 2.2.2.2
configure> save

2. Create ospf-v2-area parameter group

For Area-1
configure> create parameter-group ospf-v2-area
configure> set area router system
configure> set area identifier 1.1.1.1
configure> set enable yes
configure> save

For Area-0
configure> create parameter-group ospf-v2-area
configure> set area router system
configure> set area identifier 0.0.0.0
configure> set enable yes
configure> save
3. Enable ospf-v2 in interface parameter group
configure> create parameter-group interface ge-01
configure> enter ip ipv4 ospf-v2
[ interface:"ge-01" > ip > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set area-id 1.1.1.1
configure> set priority 11
configure> save

configure> create parameter-group interface ge-02

configure> enter ip ipv4 ospf-v2
[ interface:"ge-02" > ip > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set area-id 0.0.0.0
configure> set priority 12
configure> save
Configuration on Sw2
1. Enable ospf-v2 in router parameter group
configure> modify parameter-group router system
configure> enter ipv4 ospf-v2
[ router:"data" > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set router-id 3.3.3.3
configure> save

2. Create ospf-v2-area parameter group

configure> create parameter-group ospf-v2-area
configure> set area router system
configure> set area identifier 0.0.0.0
configure> set enable yes
configure> save
3. Enable ospf-v2 in interface parameter group

configure> create parameter-group interface ge-01

configure> enter ip ipv4 ospf-v2
[ interface:"ge-01" > ip > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set area-id 0.0.0.0
configure> set priority 9
configure> save

configure> create parameter-group interface ge-02

configure> enter ip ipv4 ospf-v2
[ interface:"ge-01" > ip > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set area-id 0.0.0.0
configure> set priority 8
configure> save
Configuration on Sw3
1. Enable ospf-v2 in router parameter group
configure> modify parameter-group router system
configure> enter ipv4 ospf-v2
[ router:"data" > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set router-id 4.4.4.4
configure> save
2. Create ospf-v2-area parameter group
For Area-0
configure> create parameter-group ospf-v2-area
configure> set area router system
configure> set area identifier 0.0.0.0
configure> set enable yes
configure> save

For Area-2
configure> create parameter-group ospf-v2-area
configure> set area router system
configure> set area identifier 2.2.2.2
configure> set enable yes
configure> save
3. Enable ospf-v2 in interface parameter group

configure> create parameter-group interface ge-01

configure> enter ip ipv4 ospf-v2
[ interface:"ge-01" > ip > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set area-id 0.0.0.0
configure> set priority 7
configure> save

configure> create parameter-group interface ge-02

configure> enter ip ipv4 ospf-v2
[ interface:"ge-01" > ip > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set area-id 2.2.2.2
configure> set priority 6
configure> save
Configuration on Sw5
1. Enable ospf-v2 in router parameter group
configure> modify parameter-group router system
configure> enter ipv4 ospf-v2
[ router:"data" > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set router-id 5.5.5.5
configure> save

2. Create ospf-v2-area parameter group

configure> create parameter-group ospf-v2-area
Info: Parameter group instance created.
configure> set area router system
configure> set area identifier 2.2.2.2
configure> set enable yes
configure> save

3. Enable ospf-v2 in interface parameter group

configure> create parameter-group interface ge-01
configure> enter ip ipv4 ospf-v2
[ interface:"ge-01" > ip > ipv4 > ospf-v2 ]
configure> set enable yes
configure> set area-id 2.2.2.2
Configuration verification:
Configuration verification on Switch-4
1. Execute ‘show interface details’ command to verify ospf is enabled on interface

operational> show interface details ge-01

> Interface : ge-01
General Information
-------------------
ID : 2
Encapsulation : ethernet
MTU : 1500
Base port type : fast-ethernet
Base port location : { shelf-1 { active-controller base-slot } port-1 }
State Information
-----------------
State : up
Last state transition : 18:36:07, Thursday, May 07, 2020 IST
Work flags : -- -- ----- -----

Ethernet information
--------------------
VLAN tagging : disabled
IP information
--------------
Router : system
IPv4 information
----------------
Address : 172.1.0.1
Netmask : 255.255.255.0
Preference : 1
Metric : 1

Routing protocols : ospf-v2

OSPFv2 information
------------------
Area : 1.1.1.1
Interface type : Broadcast
Cost : 1
Passive : no
State : designated router
Authentication : disabled
Neighbour count : 1
Hello interval : 10 second(s)
Dead interval : 40 second(s)
Retransmit interval : 5 second(s)
To verify the ospf neighbour execute ‘show ospf-v2 neighbour summary’
command in diagnose mode

diagnose> show ospf-v2 neighbour summary {system 1.1.1.1}

> Interface : ge-01
Address Router ID State
---------------------------------------
172.1.0.1 2.2.2.2 Full
Number of OSPFv2 neighbours displayed : 1

Execute ‘show router details’ command to verify ospf is

enabled on router

operational> show router details system

> Router : system
General information
-------------------
Router ID : 1
State : up
Interfaces : 3
Routing gateways : 6
Local addresses : 6
IPv4 routes
-----------
Active routes : 18
Backup routes : 1
Total routes : 19

IPv4 routes by source

---------------------
Directly connected routes : 3
Static routes : 0
RIP routes : 0
OSPFv2 routes : 16
BGP routes : 0
IPv4 listeners and connections
------------------------------
TCP listeners : 2
TCP connections : 0
TCP sockets : 2
UDP sockets : 2
OSPFv2 information
------------------
Router ID : 1.1.1.1
Number of areas : 1
Preference : 50
SPF hold count : 0
IPv4 PIM information
--------------------
Assert interval : 180 seconds
Jai Hind !