WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A FORMULA AND A FUNCTION?

A formula is an equation designed by a user in Excel, while a

function is a predefined calculation in the spreadsheet
application (function library).

WHAT IS AN ARGUMENT IN EXCEL?

Most of the functions found in Excel require some input or information in order to
calculate correctly. For example: to use the AVERAGE function, you need to give
it a range of number to work out the average.

WHAT IS AN ARRAY IN AN EXCEL FUNCTION?

An array is a collection of items, a selection like a row or a column,

or a combination of rows and columns of values. A list of data.
 SMALL VS MIN
Min will give you the lowest in a range whereas with Small you can make a choice.
DATA RANGE
250
300 What is the lowest in the range?
8000 What is the second smallest in this range?
999 What is the sixth smallest in this range
12
7
50000

LARGE VS MAX
Max will give you the highest in the range whereas with large you can make a choice.
DATA RANGE
250
300 What is the highest in the range?
8000 What is the third highest in the range?
999 What is the second highest in the range?
12
7
50000

COUNT FUNCTIONS
DATA RANGE
10 count count only cells with numbers
20 counta count all cells but no empty cells
Apple countblank count all blank cells
30

40

IF FUNCTIONS
Logical test: give your argument, then what if it is true, and what if it is false
COUNTIF
SUMIF How many
IF What is the total sales
BONUS? sales for the persons
SALES PERSON SALES FOR YEAR ABOVE sales persons have more
R500 000 whose name than
YES/NO started with a R800 000
"S"? sales for the
year?
John R 850,000.00
Mary R 255,000.00
Sipho R 1,000,000.00
Clive R 698,500.00
Sam R 230,000.00

TODAY vs NOW vs DATE vs TIME

Displays today's date:
Displays today's date and time:
Display your choice of date:
Display a specific time:

CALCULATE AGE OF A PERSON

(Today - birthdate)/365
Cathy was born on 6/21/2000
What is Cathy's age?

CALCULATE DAYS LEFT TO END OF YEAR

Last day of the year - today's date
The last day of the year is 31-Dec-23
How many days are left of 2023?

CLOCK CARDS
(morning time out-morning time in)*24 plus (afternoon out-afternoon in)*24
Morning in Lunch Back after lunch Going home
How many hours did you work? 8:00 12:00 13:00 17:00

CUSTOMIZING OF DATES/TIMES
Format date and time, Custom option
Format today's date to look like the date here:
insert today's date 1/29/2024
insert today's date 24/Jan/29
insert today's date 2024 Jan Mon
insert today's date 2024 January Monday

POWER
Returns the number of times a number is mutiplied by itself
What is 2 x 3?
What is 23?

RAND vs RANDBETWEEN
Rand returns a random number between 0 and whereas randbetween you can nominate any integers
Give a random digital below 1
Give a random number between 10 and 50.

ROUND
Rounds a number to a specified number of digits

Round the following with no decimals 98765.9876

Round the following to the 2 decimal digit 98765.9876
Round the following to the thousand digit 98765.9876

CHANGE TEXT TO UPPERCASE/LOWERCASE or PROPER

COMPUTER PRACTICE N5
computer practice n5
the cat jump over the moon

MODE FUNCTION
Return the most frequently occuring number in a range
500 720 300 500 212 15 600 32
What number in the above range is the most?
ape cat dog lion snake bull giraffe cow
What appears the most in the above range?
Why this message?

QUOTIENT
Returns the integer portion of a devision without the decimal
What is 5 devide by 2?
What is 5 devide by 2? (Without the decimal)

MEDIAN
This is the middle number in a SORTED, ASCENDING OR DECENDING, list of numbers.
5 R830.25
22 R1,110.00
33 R1,262.63
55 R2,453.85
65 R3,582.98
87 R5,737.50
100

55 R1,858.24
=MEDIAN(A1:A7) =MEDIAN(B1:B6)
 NORMAL NUMBERING
fox 1
cheetah =B2+1 Click in the above cell then plus one
zebra
mouse
bird
lion
snake
elephant
whale
fish

cat 1 Right autofill Fill series

dog
zebra
mouse
bird
lion
snake
elephant
whale
buck

AUTO-NUMBER CELLS USING THE = ROW() FUNCTION

=ROW(B1)
fox 1 Tell computer that the cell in B27 must be the number 1.
bird Now if you sort, the line number will also stay in order.
cheetah
elephant
fish
lion With this method the line numbering will stay in order when sorting data.
mouse
snake
whale
zebra

SEQUENCE NUMBERING
You create a sequence in an array and then by dragging it (vertical or horizontal),
this sequence will be repeated.
Vertical Horizontal cat dog
5 Monday Monday January
8 Tuesday Wednesday March
 ABSOLUTE CELL REFERENCE

This is a fixed reference (cell location) in a formula,

meaning that it cannot be changed when copied.
This is receded by a dollar sign (pressing F4 after clicking or selecting
the cell.

Look at the spreadsheet below: cell B8, D8 and F8 is fixed cells because all the
students tests will be out of those totals.
Test 1 % Test 2 % Test 3 % AVERAGE
RE 35 .=B10/$B$8 70 =D10/$D$8 95 =F10/$F$8 =AVERAGE(C10,E10,G10)

Jonker, K 20 57% 66 94% 90 95% 82%

Mbeki, L 19 54% 20 29% 80 84% 56%
Smith, C 5 14% 35 50% 77 81% 48%
Abel, K 30 86% 12 17% 22 23% 42%
Roux, V 28 80% 61 87% 66 69% 79%
Beki, B 35 100% 68 97% 90 95% 97%

AVERAGE 65% 62% 75%

TOTAL 137
HIGHEST 100% 97% 95%
LOWEST 14% 17% 23%
AMOUNT OF STUDENTS 6 6 6
 WHAT IS A LOGICAL FUNCTION IN EXCEL?

A logical test is used in logical function to evaluate the contents of a

cell location. The results of the logical test can be either true or false.
EXAMPLE:
COMPUTER PRACTICE TEST 1
TEST PASS The logical test is: a student pass IF a mark of 40%
Jason 39 NO and above is achieved. If the argument is true, the word
Xolisa 45 YES "YES" must appear otherwise if it is false the word
Brandon 69 YES "NO" must appear.
Cansany 76 YES

THE TWO WAYS OF DOING THIS IF FUNCTION

1, USING THE FUNCTION LIBRARY

(click on formula, logical, IF)

2. USE YOUR OWN FORMULA

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Salesman Sales figures Commission Amount The salesman get commission of 15% on sales only if
A Andrews R 10,000.00 the sales are R10000 and above. Use the IF function to
B Bongo R 12,500.00 calculate the amount of of commission.
C Crous R 8,500.00
D Douw R 15,600.00

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Name Score Result
Anderson A 40 The logical test is the following:
To pass the student needs 40 and above.
Block V 69 If the argument is true the word "Pass" must appear,
Burrows P 70 otherwise the word "Fail".
Sipho Z 30
Kale E 75
Humphy S 49

TRY IT YOURSELF! The logical test is the following:

Location Score Result According to the location number the following words must
1 Lionel Salah appear in the result column:
3 Thabo Zuma 1 = Durban
2 Desmond Rupert 2 = Cape Town
1 Queen Wudumu 3 = Johannesburg
3 Lilly Apple
3 Grant Smith

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Order no Progress Result
101 Delivered The logical test is the following:
102 In transit If the order is delivered the status must be "Closed" otherwise
103 Delivered the status must stay "Open".
103 Paid
104 Cancelled
105 Delivered

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Fruit Amount in stock Status
Apples 24 The logical test is the following:
Pineapples 30 If the amount of stock is lower than 20 the status must be
Kiwis 22 "Order" otherwise "No action".
Lemons 18
Melons 9
Oranges 16

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Student Date of payment Status The logical test is the following:
Alex 1/2/2023 if the amount was not paid on the due date (31 December 2022)
Morgan 12/1/2022 the words "In time" or "Delayed" must appear.
Sandra 11/15/2022
Samson 2/15/2023 TIP: for the due date use the =DATE function
Thomas 1/1/2023
Sipho 11/12/2022
 TEXT STRING VS EMPTY STRING

A text string is a text value like "apple" and an empty

string is a text with no value.
Text in excel must be enclosed in double quotes.
In the example below the "x" is the text vs the "" is the
empty string.

The logical test is: IF the quantity is above 10,

a "x" must be added in the Flag column
otherwise the cell must be left open.

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Student Test % Remark
If the student got 80 and above insert the remark
Sam 55% "Excellent" otherwise leave the cell open.
Anele 82%
John 73%
Ann 12%
 Multiple IF functions can be nested together.
Student
Category
Grades

71 Fail Use the nested if function to put the student mark in a category.
76 Average Categories Min Max
91 Excellent Fail 0 74
73 Fail Average 75 82
89 Good Good 83 89
73 Fail Excellent 90 100
97 Excellent
86 Good
92 Excellent
76 Average
93 Excellent

TRY IT YOURSELF! Use the nested if function to calculate the markdown on the
Product Sale Price Markdown Sales Price normal sales prices. IF the normal price is below R10000
Desk chair R 10,000.00 the cell must be empty, IF the sales price is R10000 - R15000
an markdown of 5% will be applicable, otherwise it will be 15%.
Typing chair R 12,500.00
Bar stool R 8,500.00
Lazyboy chair R 15,600.00

TIP FOR THE ABOVE TEST OLD PRICE NEW PRICE

How to work out MARKDOWN 15%
the new price!!!! R 10,000.00 R 8,500.00

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Order no Progress Result
101 Delivered
The logical test is the following:
102 In transit If the order is delivered the status must be "Closed" otherwise the status must stay "Open".
103 Delivered
103 Paid
104 Cancelled
105 Delivered

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Fruit Amount in stock Status
Apples 24 The logical test is the following:
Pineapples 30 If the amount in stock is lower than 20 the status must be "Order", more than 30 must be "Sale"
Kiwis 22 and the rest get "No action".
Lemons 18
Melons 9
Oranges 16

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Budgeted Actual budget now Status (amount over spend)
R 880,000.00 R 700,000.00 The logical test is the following:
R 5,500,000.00 R 6,000,000.00 if actual budget now is lower than the budgeted amount the words "Within budget" must appear
R 1,200,000.00 R 1,300,000.00 otherwise the over spend amount must be indicated.
R 800,000.00 R 700,000.00
R 550,000.00 R 600,000.00
R 100,000.00 R 88,000.00

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Service Delivery (Pty) Ltd
Payroll schedule for January 2021

Pay Date Employee Location Name Residence Monthly Salary Tax Medical Aid Net Salary
No Payable Contribution
2021/01/31 359371 2 Bonang Mbau ? 650000 234000 3000 ?
2021/01/31 359373 2 Desmond Rupert ? 3100000 1395000 6000 ?
2021/01/31 359368 1 King Magashule ? 400000 124000 2000 ?
2021/01/31 359366 1 Lionel Salah ? 3000000 2250000 8000 ?
2021/01/31 359372 2 Nelson Ramaphosa ? 5000000 2250000 5000 ?
2021/01/31 359369 1 Patrick Motsepe ? 7000000 3150000 15000 ?
2021/01/31 359370 2 Queen Wudumu ? 800000 312000 4000 ?
2021/01/31 359367 1 Thabo Zuma ? 200000 1800 1000 ?
Total ?

Average montly salary ?

Maximum tax payable ? Residence = nested IF
Minimum medical aid contribution ? IF location = 1 = Durban
Total No of employees ? IF location = 2 = Cape Town
No of employees that earn more than R1000000 ?
No of employees that earn more than R1000000 = CountIf
 RELATIONAL OPERATORS
Operators are used to tests relations
between two entities

> Greater than

< Less than
>= Greater than and equal to
<= Less than and equal to
<> Not equal to
= Equal to
^ Exponentiation
 INSERT BLANK SPACE IN EXCEL FORMULA

"" Leave a blank cell

LEAVE A SPACE IN EXCEL FORMULA

"" Leave a space

 PROFIT MARKDOWN
The amount added to the
The lowering of the
cost price to get a selling
selling price
price

COST PRICE PROFIT SELLING PRICE MARKDOWN MARKDOWN PRICE

SALE!
What you pay for What profit Selling for less than the
you stock you add What you sell it for normal selling price
8% 10%
R 500.00 R 40.00 R 540.00 R 54.00 R 486.00

PLUS! MINUS

TRY IT YOURSELF! TRY IT YOURSELF!

The company
adds 10% All sale products
markup on all
COST PRICE SELLING PRICE will have a 10%
SELLING PRICE SALE PRICE
products decrease in price
A R 520.00 PRODUCT 1 R 2,000.00
B R 788.00 PRODUCT 2 R 1,999.00
C R 1,203.00 PRODUCT 3 R 2,700.00
D R 3,500.00 PRODUCT 4 R 1,520.00
E R 750.00 PRODUCT 5 R 320.00
F R 200.00 PRODUCT 6 R 780.00
 DATE AND TIME FORMULAS

Insert today's date 1/29/2024

Insert today's date and the current time 1/29/2024 14:59

Insert a particular date 1/29/2022

Insert a particular time 11:20 AM

Insert the hour of a time value.

The hour is given as an integer, ranging from 0-23 12:16:13 AM 0

Inserts the minutes of a time value 21:15:22 15

Returns the number of days between the two dates 30

1-Jan-22
31-Jan-22
 CALCULATE THE AGE OF A PERSON

Person date of birth 10 January 2000

Current date 29 January 2024
Age of person 24

TRY IT YOURSELF! Type your birthday in cell G8

Use cell G8 and B5
Calculate your age
 CUSTOMISING DATE AND TIME FORMATS
Date and time formats let you control the way dates and times appear in cells.

FORMATTING DATES:
Using today's date
yyyy/mm/dd 1/29/2024
yy/mmm/dd 24/Jan/29
yy/mmmm/d 24/January/29
yy mm dd 24 01 29
yyyy mmm ddd 2024 Jan Mon
yyyy mmmm dddd 2024 January Monday

TRY IT YOURSELF!

Insert today's date in A18 with a format looking like this: 26-Nov-21

FORMATTING TIMES:
Using the current time
To insert the current time press Ctrl+Shift+; 9:36

h:mm 9:38
hh:mm 9:41
hh:mm:ss 9:41:00
h:mm am/pm 9:41 AM

TRY IT YOURSELF!

Insert the current time in A40 and format in to a 6 digit hour, minutes and
seconds plus adding AM or PM
 TIME SHEET
A time sheet is a data table recording the hours worked by an employee.
=(morning out-morning in)*24+(afternoon out-afternoon in)*24

TIME SHEET: C SMITH

WEEK: 9 JANUARY 2023 - 15 JANUARY 2023

MORNING AFTERNOON TOTAL OVERTIME TOTAL

IN OUT IN OUT NORMAL IN OUT OVERTIME
Monday 7:55 12:30 13:30 17:00 8 0 Tip: keep the format of time cells on General
Tuesday 7:50 13:00 14:00 17:00 8 0 Tip: keep the format of total cells on Number with no decimals
Wednesday 8:05 13:00 14:00 17:00 8 18:00 20:00 2
Thursday 7:55 13:30 14:00 17:00 9 0
Friday 8:00 13:30 14:00 17:30 9 0
Saturday 9:00 13:00 4
Sunday 15:00 17:00 2
TOTAL 42 8
HOURS WORKED 50

TO CALCULATE DAYS
TRY IT YOURSELF! BETWEEN TWO DATES
COST PER DAY
PER PERSON
R 400
USE THE =DAYS
FUNCTION!
AMOUNT
NAME OF GUEST NO OF PERSONS DATE IN DATE OUT NUMBER OF DAYS DUE
Paul 1 Monday, April 12, 2021 Thursday, April 15, 2021
Peter 4 Wednesday, April 14, 2021 Sunday, April 18, 2021
Mary 2 Friday, April 16, 2021 Wednesday, April 21, 2021
Sipho 2 Sunday, April 18, 2021 Saturday, April 24, 2021

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Working Schedule of A Jones
Date Clock In Clock Out Total Hours Straight Time Overtime Payment
12 February 2023 08:00 AM 03:30 PM 7.50 7.50 0.00 R 600.00 =(E39*$D$53)+F39*($D$53*1.5)
13 February 2023 08:00 AM 01:00 PM 5.00 5.00 0.00 R 400.00
14 February 2023 08:30 AM 05:00 PM 8.50 8.00 0.50 R 700.00
15 February 2023 08:00 AM 10:30 AM 2.50 2.50 0.00 R 200.00
16 February 2023 10:00 AM 07:00 PM 9.00 8.00 1.00 R 760.00

INFORMATION FOR THE ABOVE PAYSLIP OF A JONES:

Total hours worked per day = the clock out time-clock in time multiply by 24 hours in a day.
Straigh time = standard hours worked which cannot exceed 8 hours. Any time more than 8 hours will qualify as overtime hours. Use the MIN function, then the
total hours as first option and 8 as second option.
Overtime hours can be calculated by using the IF function to test whether the Straight Time is greater than 8. If it is, then return the value for overtime to minus 8
otherwise 0.

Pay per hour: R 80.00

Overtime pay per hour: R80.00 x 1.5
 CALCULATE DAYS BETWEEN 2 GIVEN DAYS

2/11/1990 2/20/2023 12062 =DAYS(B3,A3)

DATE 1 DATE 2 12062 =B3-A3

CALCULATE YEARS BETWEEN 2 GIVEN DATES

2/11/1990 1/29/2024 33.99 =DAYS(B11,A11)/365

DATE 1 DATE 2 33.99 =(B11-A11)/365
33.97 =YEARFRAC(A11,B11)
Yearfrac takes leap years into account, therefore answers
may differ. That is why 365.25 is actually the correct
amount to use in a formula.

USE THE DATEDIF FUNCTION TO CALCULATE DAYS, MONTHS

OR YEARS BETWEEN TWO DATES
=DATEDIF (start_date, end_date, unit)

2/11/1990 2/20/2023 12062 396 33

DATE 1 DATE 2 CALCULATE DAYS CALCULATE MONTHS CALCULATE YEARS
=DATEDIF(A21,B21,"d") =DATEDIF(A21,B21,"M") =DATEDIF(A21,B21,"Y")

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Use the datedif function to calculate the missing cells.
Start date End date Days Months Years
1-Jan-18 1-Mar-23
15-Apr-18 15-Feb-23

d days
m months
y years
 STOCK CONTROL

PRODUCT SHELF TODAY'S DAYS ON

DATE DATE SHELF

Strawberry 08 May 2021 29 January 2024 996 Tip: change days on shelf to general
Weetbix 10 June 2021 29 January 2024 963
Jolly Jelly Powder 15 May 2021 29 January 2024 989
Longlife milk 19 May 2021 29 January 2024 985
Fruit juice 01 June 2021 29 January 2024 972
Cream 18 June 2021 29 January 2024 955

SHELF LIFE

PRODUCT SHELF SHELF EXPIRY

LIFE DATE DATE

Strawberry 43 10 April 2021 23 May 2021 Tip: change expiry date format to date
Weetbix 10 14 April 2021 24 April 2021
Jolly Jelly Powder 36 20 May 2021 25 June 2021
Longlife milk 32 25 April 2021 27 May 2021
Fruit juice 19 15 May 2021 03 June 2021
Cream 2 01 January 2022 03 January 2022
 TEXT FUNCTIONS
Mostly excel is about numbers or numerical data. Sometimes text functions is used
to data.
UPPER converts text to uppercase

LOWER converts text to lowercase

LEFT allows you to extract a substring from a string, starting from the left-most character.

MID used to find out strings and return them from any mid part

RIGHT a text string function that gives the number of characters from the right side of the string

CONCATENATE to combine text from different cells into one cell.

FIND returns the location of a substring in a string.

help us convert text into the proper case, if required. We can use it to capitalize each word in a given string.
PROPER Using the function will not affect numbers and punctuations. It will convert all other letters to lowercase.

LEN counts the number of characters in text

Value function in Excel gives the value of a text which represents a number for example if we have a text as
$5 this is actually a number format in a text, using value formula on this data will give us 5 as result so we can see
VALUE how this function gives us the numerical value represented by a text in excel.
FUNCTION FUN
BABOON BAB Return the first 3 characters in the A1 string
APPEL APP
COMPUTER COM
DRUMS DRU
CAT CAT

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Return the first 6 characters
Budget for the year 2022 of the text string in A11

Type the following ID number in A18: 0011200078083

Tip: to type numbers beginning with an 0
insert ' in front. An apostrophe before a cell value
forces Excel to interpret that value as text.
Now retrieve the birth date
FUNCTION CT Return the characters from the middle of a text string, given a starting position and length.
BABOON OO Use string A1 and show from the 4th character with a length of 2 characters.
APPEL EL
COMPUTER PU
DRUMS MS
CAT

TRY IT YOURSELF! ANSWER

Starting Show the text using the MID
Text to use Length
character function and the instructions
Cat went to the dog for help 1 3 in column B and C.
Words not required 11 8
FUNCTION ION Return the specific number of characters form the end of a text string
BABOON OON Use string A1 and show from the last 3 characters.
APPEL PEL
COMPUTER TER
DRUMS UMS
CAT CAT

TRY IT YOURSELF!
STUDENT NUMBER ANSWER
Return the last four
20220001 characters of these student
20220002 numbers in a string of 4.
20220003
20220003
Or ange Orange Joins text strings (can also put space in between characters).
Ap ple Apple Use string A1 and B1 and join with no space in between
Pl ace Place
Na me Name The CONCAT function will replace CONCATENATE in later versions.

VERY IMPORTANT: HOW TO ADD SPACES BETWEEN WORDS

You can add commas, spaces, punctuation marks, character such as a hyphen
or a slash, BUT YOU NEED TO ENCLOSE THAT CHARACTER YOU WANT
IN YOUR CONCATENATION FORMULA IN QUOTATION MARKS.

TRY IT YOURSELF! You need to get the same result as in column C

Data 1 Data 2 Result
Mary Lamb Mary Lamb Concatenate two cells with a space
Mary Lamb Mary, Lamb Concatenate two cells with a comma
Mary Lamb Mary-Lamb Concatenate two cells with a hyphen
Mary Lamb Mary & Lamb Concatenate two cells with an &

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Put together these 3 cells
Hans W van Zyl Join these text strings adding spaces in between
Peter C Pan
Dan P Quick

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Siya Kolisi Use the concatenate combined with the
left function to insert the initial and
surname of our rugby captian in C24.

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Put together these 3 cells adding an
asterisk between the words.
dog barks hard
cat meow soft
snake hiss soft
lion roar hard

The CONCAT function addresses the biggest flaw of the CONCATENATE function, not being able to select a range of strings. Unlike its predecessor, the CONCAT function can merge all strings in a range. This way, it saves you from selecting each cell individually.
Surname Find person Hopp SEARCH person Hopp The FIND function returns the position (as a number) of one text string inside another.
Romano Hopp 8 8
Noble #VALUE! #VALUE!
Clyde #VALUE! #VALUE!
Wiliams #VALUE! #VALUE!
Hopp 1 1 Remember that FIND is case sensitive
Bratton #VALUE! #VALUE!
Xaba #VALUE! #VALUE! But SEARCH in not case sensitive
LINGELA HOPP #VALUE! 9
=FIND("Hopp",A2:A9) =SEARCH("Hopp",A2)

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Cost of living FIND the word "cost" in the string A13-A16
Petrol cost Now replace FIND with SEARCH
Food cost
ENTERTAINMENT COST
 PROPER FUNCTION
Capatalize the first letter for each word

excel for dummies Excel For Dummies

jane de necker Jane De Necker
linda w bush Linda W Bush
microsoft excel spreadsheet Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet

TRY IT YOURSELF!
computer practice
COMMUNICATION Capitalized all first letters of the
Legal practice words in column A11-14
office practice

REVISION
computer change to upper case
COMPUTER change to lower case
Anders 6 LEN returns the number of character (spaces included) in a text string.
Trujillo 8
Moreno 6 LEN=LENGTH
Hardy 5
Berglund 8
Moos 4
Chia 4

TRY IT YOURSELF!
computer practice Return the number of character in the text string A11-14
COMMUNICATION
Legal practice
office practice
 TRY IT YOURSELF!
THE EXERCISE INFO FIND SEARCH QUESTIONS ANSWERS HERE
Computer Practice N6 groups Insert cell A4 in upper case
6 MONTHS COURSE Insert cell A5 in lower case
1/29/2024 display the first 6 letters of A9
Business Management Groups display the word months in A5
Management Assistant Groups display the last two figures in cell A6
Public Management Groups combine cell A5 and A4
find the word "groups" (use column B
search the word "groups" (use column C)
change the text in A5 to proper case
what is the length of cell A9
12-Apr-22 44663 Use the VALUE function to convert text input to a numeric value.
13:00 0.5416667
10909090 10909090
R 500.00 500
 NAME RANGE in formulas
Using a name for a range allows you to reference it quickly throughout your workbook by typing in the name instead of the cell references

Example (name this range below AMOUNT) Select the range (blue), in the name box type AMOUNT

100
566
87
25
50

SUM Do a SUM using the range name AMOUNT

MIN Do a MIN using the range name AMOUNT
MAX Do a MAX using the range name AMOUNT

Youtube video to watch:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VBn87qlxfY
 A cell range is a collection of selected cells. To name a reference table
FRUIT IN STOCK PRICE range, select the information, then go to the Name Box and type name.
SELECT THE RANGE A1:C6. Give it a range name of PRICES. Now in all
Grapes YES R 7.50 formulas you use this name.
Mangos YES R 12.00
Bananas YES R 5.00
Pineapple NO R 42.50
Oranges NO R 8.50

How to see and edit range names:

In the formula tab select Name Manager

TRY IT YOURSELF!
computer practice Give a range name "subjects" to the information in A22-25.
COMMUNICATION
Legal practice Now rename this to "Subjects 2022".
office practice

TRY IT YOURSELF!
In range names spaces are not
Select B30:E30 and name it Education. Select B31:E31 and name it Public Works. allowed but words can be
Select B32:E32 and name it General Works. Now use these range names joined by an underscore (_).
to do calculations below.
Category of Government 2019 2020 2021 2022
Education R 10,600.00 R 9,800.00 R 11,585.00 R 12,230.00
Public Works R 14,560.00 R 15,322.00 R 13,674.00 R 14,002.00 If you have forgotten the range
names in this workbook, click
General Works R 12,450.00 R 11,678.00 R 11,980.00 R 12,654.00
on the drop-down arrow in the
NOW DO THE FOLLOWING CALCULATIONS: Name box.
What is the total for all Education expenses for 2019-2022: ?
What is the lowest amount spent for Public Works from 2019 -2022? ?
What is the average amount spend for General Works during 2019-2022? ?
 VLOOKUP allows you to search a data range that is set up vertically.
HLOOKUP is the exact same function, but looks up data that has been
formatted by rows instead of columns. Horizontally.

VLOOKUP REFERENCE TABLE: Prices for days staying in a hotel

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Call this reference table HOTEL_PRICES. Now use
this reference table in the vlookup formula below.
AMOUNT DISCOUNT Remember to format the cell to percentage with no
Sunday R 400.00 10% decimals.
Monday R 500.00 0%
Tuesday R 300.00 0% DAY DISCOUNT
Wednesday R 600.00 0% Sunday
Thursday R 300.00 0% Friday
Friday R 500.00 0%
Saturday R 500.00 10%

HLOOKUP REFERENCE TABLE: Prices for days staying in a hotel

DAY Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

AMOUNT R 400.00 R 500.00 R 300.00 R 600.00 R 300.00 R 500.00 R 500.00
DISCOUNT 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 10%

TRY IT YOURSELF!

Call this reference table DAY_PRICES. Now use TO NAME A REF TABLE
this reference table in the hlookup formula below. (WITH TWO WORDS),
Remember to format the cell to currency with 2 decimals. USE UNDERLINING SCORE
FOR THE SPACE IN
BETWEEN THE WORDS.

DAY AMOUNT
Sunday
Friday

video https://youtu.be/QpPJsqb4T8k
 SORTING OF REF TABLES

Always remember that for a reference table to work

the information must be sorted (according to first row or first columns).
AND
If you select a reference table without a range name remember to press F4!!!!!!

HOW TO SORT VLOOKUP TABLE: E.g. NAME SURNAME HEIGHT

MANDLA RIVOMNO 1.78
Select the table, Home tab, Sort,
NKHESANI NKHWSHU 1.7
Custom sort, select NAME
SHARON NETHAVHANI 1.67
VULANI NYAMBI 1.74

HOW TO SORT HLOOKUP TABLE: E.g. NAME MANDLA NKHESANI SHARON VULANI
SURNAME RIVOMNO NKHWASHU NETHAVHANI NYAMBI
Select the range you want to sort. HEIGHT 1.78 1.7 1.67 1.74
DO NOT SELECT COLUMN 1 INFO.
Go to the Data tab.
Sort and Filter Group.
Custom Sort, Options,
select sort left to right. Then select sort by:
row number (first row). OK
 TRY IT YOURSELF!
Use the Hlookup and Vlookup to answer the following questions in red.

FRUIT PER POCKET IN STOCK PRICE

Potatoes YES R 7.50
Onions YES R 12.00
Bananas YES R 5.00
Apples NO R 42.50
Mangos NO R 8.50
What is the price of a pocket Onions?

FRUIT PER POCKET Potatoes Onions Bananas Apples Mangoes

R 7.50 R 12.00 R 5.00 R 42.50 R 8.50
What is the price of a pocket Potatoes?

TRY IT YOURSELF! This is activity 1.39 in your study guide.

Names Test 1 Test 2 Average Symbol Pass/Fail
Gouws G 45 75 60
Jacobs J 67 67 67
Roos R 26 45 36
Swart S 45 67 56
Hendriks H 33 44 39

Instructions: Average Symbol Give a range name "symbol" for this table. Do not select the headings.
Add the range name 80 A
Calculate student average 70 B
Make use of VLOOKUP to detemine symbol 60 C
Use IF function to detemine if the student
Pass or Fail. Average below 40%=Fail 50 D
40 E Always make sure that you range table contents is in ascending order!
30 F
20 G
10 H
 CONDITIONAL FORMATTING
A conditional format changes the appearance of cells on the basis of conditions that you specify.
Home tab
Conditional Formatting
Choose option

Format the temperatures to show a light red fill for those above 30 and a yellow fill for those below 30.

CITY TEMPERATURE
Cape Town 23

Pretoria 16

Johannesburg 33

Durban 32 Less than 31

Bloemfontein 28

East London 26

TRY IT YOURSELF! Show the top 3 achievers in class! Change the

STUDENT FINAL MARK font colour to red, bold and italics
Peter Smith 33 and the fill to grey.
Ann Moses 66
John Babatu 82
Susan Green 95
Piper Smith 45
AVERAGE TEMPERATURES FOR THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF THE YEAR

City January February March April May June

Cape Town 23 25 20 17 15 13 Use Conditional Formatting to change the monthly record high
Pretoria 25 23 21 18 22 19 temperature
Johannesburg 23 21 18 16 12 10 data for various locations, with colours that correspond to the values
Durban 25 27 25 22 20 17 (hotter vallues tend to be orange/red, while cooler values are
Bloemfontein 23 22 20 15 10 6 displayed
East London 21 23 20 18 16 15 in yellow/green).
The answer looks like this:
AVERAGE TEMPERATURES FOR THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF THE YEAR

City January February March April May June

Cape Town 23 25 20 17 15 13
Pretoria 25 23 21 18 22 19
Johannesburg 23 21 18 16 12 10
Durban 25 27 25 22 20 17
Bloemfontein 23 22 20 15 10 6
East London 21 23 20 18 16 15

COMPUTER PRACTICE TESTS: N6

Surname Name Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Average Status Remark Symbol

Johnson Andrew 45 35 58 46 Fail Not yet competent E
Create a Conditional Formatting Rule to format all the Average marks
Dlamini Jane 86 62 74 74 Pass Good B less
Fisher Mary 78 45 58 60 Pass Satisfactory C than 50% to display in bold and red fornt colour with any light fill
colour.
Becker Ben 34 29 31 31 Fail Not yet competent H
Barnard Nadia 78 46 34 53 Pass Satisfactory D
Ndlovo Berenice 89 69 95 84 Pass Excellent A
Cupido Chantel 45 55 52 51 Pass Satisfactory D
Johnson David 85 79 83 82 Pass Excellent A

The anwer looks like this:

COMPUTER PRACTICE TESTS: N6

Surname Name Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Average Status Remark Symbol

Johnson Andrew 45 35 58 46 Fail Not yet competent E
Dlamini Jane 86 62 74 74 Pass Good B
Fisher Mary 78 45 58 60 Pass Satisfactory C
Becker Ben 34 29 31 31 Fail Not yet competent H
Barnard Nadia 78 46 34 53 Pass Satisfactory D
Ndlovo Berenice 89 69 95 84 Pass Excellent A
Cupido Chantel 45 55 52 51 Pass Satisfactory D
Johnson David 85 79 83 82 Pass Excellent A
 FOOD CORNER PRODUCTS
Cost Cost Cost
Category Product Name (current month (prior month) Trend Price Mark-up
Beverages Rooibos Tea R 10.00 R 7.00 R 3.00 R 10.50 5%
Beverages Peach Ice Coffee R 12.00 R 10.00 R 2.00 R 13.20 10%
Beverages Americano Coffee R 10.00 R 12.00 -R 2.00 R 11.50 15%
Beverages Cappuccino R 20.00 R 20.00 R 0.00 R 24.00 20%
Cereal Granola R 25.00 R 20.00 R 5.00 R 26.25 5% Conditional Formatting:
Cereal Pro Nutro R 20.00 R 15.00 R 5.00 R 22.00 10% using cell background colours to highlight different product categories,
Cereal Jungle Oats R 15.00 R 15.00 R 0.00 R 17.25 15% a 3-arrow icon set to show cost trends (up, level, down),
Salad French R 15.00 R 10.00 R 5.00 R 18.00 20% and data bars to show differences between product mark-ups.
Salad Greek R 8.00 R 10.00 -R 2.00 R 8.40 5%
Salad Chicken & Spinach R 20.00 R 15.00 R 5.00 R 22.00 10%
Sandwitches Chicken Mayo R 20.00 R 15.00 R 5.00 R 24.00 20%
Sandwitches Ham & Cheese R 20.00 R 15.00 R 5.00 R 21.00 5%
Sandwitches Three Chees R 15.00 R 12.00 R 3.00 R 16.50 10%
Sandwitches Tomato & Cheese R 15.00 R 12.00 R 3.00 R 17.25 15%

FOOD CORNER PRODUCTS

Cost Cost Cost
Category Product Name (current month (prior month) Trend Price Mark-up
Beverages Rooibos Tea R 10.00 R 7.00 R 3.00 R 10.50 5%
Beverages Peach Ice Coffee R 12.00 R 10.00 R 2.00 R 13.20 10% COLOUR SCALES
Beverages Americano Coffee R 10.00 R 12.00 -R 2.00 R 11.50 15% Text that contain
Text that contain "Salad" = Green Fill
Beverages Cappuccino R 20.00 R 20.00 R 0.00 R 24.00 20%
Text that contain "Bevereges" = Yellow
Cereal Granola R 25.00 R 20.00 R 5.00 R 26.25 5% Text that contain "Cereal" = Pink
Cereal Pro Nutro R 20.00 R 15.00 R 5.00 R 22.00 10% Text that contain "Sandwiches" = Orange
Cereal Jungle Oats R 15.00 R 15.00 R 0.00 R 17.25 15%
Salad French R 15.00 R 10.00 R 5.00 R 18.00 20% ICON SETS FOR G3:G16
Salad Greek R 8.00 R 10.00 -R 2.00 R 8.40 5% DATA BARS
Salad Chicken & Spinach R 20.00 R 15.00 R 5.00 R 22.00 10% Directional
Sandwitches Chicken Mayo R 20.00 R 15.00 R 5.00 R 24.00 20%
Sandwitches Ham & Cheese R 20.00 R 15.00 R 5.00 R 21.00 5%
Sandwitches Three Chees R 15.00 R 12.00 R 3.00 R 16.50 10%
Sandwitches Tomato & Cheese R 15.00 R 12.00 R 3.00 R 17.25 15%
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
1 Name Surname Gender Grade Division Type Count Extract and summarise information from a large population of data
2 Tumelo Kekana Male EX Executive Permanent 1
3 Chantelle Da Silva Female MM Marketing Permanent 1
4 Craig Cronje Male GA Operations Permanent 1 A pivot table is a statistics tool that summarizes and reorganizes selected columns and
5 Peter Small Male EX Executive Permanent 1
6 John Paint Male EX Executive Permanent 1
rows of data in a spreadsheet to obtain a desired report. The tool does not actually
7 Mohammed Naicker Male JM Operations Permanent 1 change the
8 Lerato Zwane Female JM Finance Permanent 1 spreadsheet itself, it simply "pivots" or turns the data to view it from different perspectives.
9 Timothy Kambule Male GA Operations Permanent 1
10 Grace Mothwa Female GB Finance Permanent 1
11 Belinda Pretorius Female SM HR Permanent 1
12 Hector Arandse Male JM Operations Permanent 1
13 Lesley Front Female SM Sales Permanent 1
14 Daisy Kruger Female EX Executive Permanent 1
15 James King Male MM Production Permanent 1
16 Kamogelo Ngobeni Female JM Finance Permanent 1
17 Kim Govender Female SM Finance Permanent 1
18
19 Sum of Count Gender
20 Grade Female Total Result Filter here for only Female
21 EX 1 1
22
Use the above table
GB 1 1
23
to create a pivot table in A19. Show only
JM 2 2
24 MM 1 1
Female workers and their grade information.
25 SM 3 3
Sum the count column.
26 Total Result 8 8
27
28
29 Insert a chart for the above pivot tabble.
30
31
32
33
34
35
36 Female
37
9
38
39 8
40
7
41
42 6
43
5 Gender Female
44
45 4
46
3
47
48 2
49
1
50
51 0
EX GB JM MM SM Total Result
52
53
54
55 TRY IT YOURSELF!
56
Put together these 3 cells
Create a pivot table in A63
57 Name Surname Branch Jan sales Feb sales TOTAL to show the Cape Town
58 Peter Smith George R2,400.00 R1,800.00
branch total sales for Jan and
59 Ann Moses Cape Town R4,500.00 R2,000.00
Feb.
60 John Mabatu George R3,000.00 R1,300.00
Tip: first calculate TOTAL.
61 Susan Green Cape Town R3,800.00 R2,300.00
 PIVOT SLICERS
Slicers provide buttons that you can click to filter tables, or PivotTables.

Name Surname Gender Grade Division Type Count

Add a pivot table slicer to see the gender of the employees
in the different devisions.
Tumelo Kekana Male EX Executive Permanent 1

Chantelle Da Silva Female MM Marketing Permanent 1 (empty)

Craig Cronje Male GA Operations Permanent 1
Peter Small Male EX Executive Permanent 1
John Paint Male EX Executive Permanent 1
Mohammed Naicker Male JM Operations Permanent 1
Lerato Zwane Female JM Finance Permanent 1
Timothy Kambule Male GA Operations Permanent 1
Grace Mothwa Female GB Finance Permanent 1
Belinda Pretorius Female SM HR Permanent 1
Hector Arandse Male JM Operations Permanent 1
Lesley Front Female SM Sales Permanent 1
Daisy Kruger Female EX Executive Permanent 1
James King Male MM Production Permanent 1
Kamogelo Ngobeni Female JM Finance Permanent 1 This shape represents a slicer. This shape represents a
Kim Govender Female SM Finance Permanent 1 Slicers are supported in Excel slicer. Slicers are supported
2010 or later. in Excel 2010 or later.
Gender Female
If the shape was modified in If the shape was modified in
Sum of Count Division an earlier version of Excel, or an earlier version of Excel,
Name Surname Marketing Total Result if the workbook was saved in or if the workbook was saved
Chantelle 1 1 Excel 2003 or earlier, the slicer in Excel 2003 or earlier, the
Da Silva 1 1 cannot be used. slicer cannot be used.
Total Result 1 1
 #DIV/0! Devision error.

FIX THE ERRORS BELOW:

Quantity Cost
Item Total cost
Purchased per item

Folders R 300.00 30 R 10.00

Staplers per box R 120.00 10 R 12.00
Envelopes per pack R 112.00 20 R 5.60
Ink toners R 0.00 0 #DIV/0! (To fix: add 10 ink toners for R999 each)

IFERROR Give excel alternative if there is error

USE THE IFERROR IN FRONT OF FORMULA
In case of a division error in the range - (Not for exams)
you can ask to leave cell open "", or add a message like "no purchase"
Quantity Cost
Item Total cost
Purchased per item

Folders R 300.00 30 R 10.00 =IFERROR(B13/C13," ")

Staplers per box R 120.00 10 R 12.00
Envelopes per pack R 112.00 20 R 5.60
Ink toners R 0.00 0

#N/A! Normally in Vlookup or Hlookup where the lookup value does not exist.

Movie title Rating

Star Wars PG Movie Rating
The Empire Strikes Back PG-13 All Wars #N/A
The return of the Jedi PG
Stardust PG-13

#NAME? Normally you made a keying in error in a Range name or in your formula.

Item Total cost

Folders R 300.00
Staplers per box R 120.00
Envelopes per pack R 112.00
TOTAL COST #NAME?

#NULL? Normally when you are using a space in your formula where you should have use a comma.
Item Total cost

Folders R 300.00
Staplers per box R 120.00
Envelopes per pack R 112.00
Siccor R 78.00
A4 printing paper R 45.00
Blue pen R 12.00
Red pen R 12.00
COMBINED SUM
#REF!
A33:35 and A37:38

#NUM? Impossible calculation for excel to do

Start date End date Months

1-Jan-18 1-Mar-20 26 Use the date difference function

15-Apr-18 15-Feb-20 22
1-Sep-20 19-Jan-04 Err:502

Excel cannot fit the contents of the answer in the space provided - double click between columns
#####
to fit!
100
200
800
900
Auto sum the ccolumn range ###

#REF! Normally cells used in your formulas are deleted

Number Total
of Packages quantity

In this example the total quantity was calculated by multiplying the number of packages with
the quantity per package. 20 #REF!
Now because the quantity per package has been removed in cells used in the formulas does
not exist anymore and therefore the reference error. 5 #REF!
12 #REF!
32 #REF!

When different types of data are combined. Like multiplying a word by a number. Or there
#VALUE! is a typing error somewhere in the data range.

Storage location Number of Packages Quantity Total quantity

Second Floor 32 20 #VALUE! What is the error here?

Third Floor 35 4 140
Basement 11 100 #VALUE! What is the error here?
Second Floor Closset 3o 4 #VALUE! What is the error here?

OTHER UNCOMMON ERROR MESSAGES

Excel's calculation engine encounters an uspecified calculation error with an arry.
#CALC! Normally try rewriting the formula.

#FIELD! If the image Excel is trying to fetch is missing some key information.

#SPILL! Something in the cell range needs to be removed.

#UNKNOWN! Unknown data type that is not currently supported in this version of Excel.
 You want to order the Caffe Americano Grande option.
ITEM CLASSIC FAVOURITES TALL GRANDE VENTI But you want to index the exact price.
1 Caffe Latte R 7.85 R 9.85 R 11.85
2 Cappuccino R 6.50 R 8.50 R 10.50 R 10.00 =INDEX(A2:E7,5,4)
3 Caramel Macchiato R 6.50 R 8.50 R 10.50
4 Caffee mocha R 6.40 R 8.40 R 10.40 C2-E7=die reference table for the anwer
5 Caffe Americano R 8.00 R 10.00 R 12.00 5=row number for the desired answer
6 Cinnamon Dolce Latte R 12.20 R 14.20 R 16.20 2=the answer must be from the ref table second column

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Planet Position Diameter
Mercury 1 4879 ?
Venus 2 12104 Use the index function to
Earth 3 12756 get the diameter of Jupiter
Mars 4 6792 row 5, column 3
Jupiter 5 142984
NO. ACCOUNT NUMBER ACCOUNT NAME You want to match the account name Realty
with the number as listed.
1 83 Brimson Furniture Realty
2 22 Chimera Illusion
3 53 Door Stoppers 5 =MATCH(F2,C2:C10,0)
4 113 Rsimpson Ltd. F2= the match you want
5 7 Realty C2-C10 is the cells you want for you lookup
6 123 Voyage Designs 0=the first answer found
7 109 Katy's Paper
8 6 Refco
9 16 Renaud and Son
 FULL NAME FIRST NAME MIDDLE INITIAL LAST NAME OFFSET OFFSET ANSWER

Charlotte P. Cooper Charlotte P Cooper 2 Rows, 2 Columns P

Shelly R. Burke Shelley R Burke 2 Rows, 1 Columns Charlotte
Regina O. Murphy Regina O Murphy 1 Row, 1 Column 0

Choose A1 as the offset (count from there)

 LOTTO EXTRAVAGANZA Four colleagues have decided to participate in a office lotto extravanganza
competition. This is based on a random pick.
NUMBER LOTTO PLAYERS Random Pick 4
1 Mike Winner Neal
2 Sally
3 Amy
4 Neal
RATE The interest rate used (this is normal a yearly rate which you must convert to a monthly rate by dividing the yearly rate by 12.
NPER The period or number of payments over the period of the loan.
PMT The payment/instalment amount.
IPMT The interest you will pay ON A SPECIFICE PAYMENT (like the first, second etc.)
FV The future value of the loan.
PV The present value (the loan amount).
TYPE 1=instalment payed at beginning of month. 0=instalment is paid at end of the month.
 A B C D E
1 Payment per month for car loan

PMT
2
3 Car loan (present value of the loan) R 50,000.00
4 Interest rate per year 14% ÷12
5 Term in years 5 x12
6
7 Payment per month R 1,163.41 =PMT(B4/12,B5*12,-B3)
8
9
10
13
14 TRY IT YOURSELF! ANSWER
What will be the payback amount
The answer
on a loan of R1500000.00 to be paid
15 ? must be
back in 30 years with an annual
R10488.22
interest rate of 7.5%.
 A B C D E F G H I J K L
1 YOU WANT TO BUY A HOUSE FOR R1.5 MILJON RAND
2 YOU GET A LOAN AT THE BANK

IPMT
3 THE ANNUAL PAYBACK:
4
5 LOAN R 1,500,000.00
6 ANNUAL INTEREST RAGE 7.50%
7 PERIOD IN YEARS 30 The function calculates the interest portion based on a
8 ANNUAL PAYBACK R 127,006.85 given/specific loan payment
9
10 THE MONTHLY PAYBACK:
11 LOAN R 1,500,000.00
12 ANNUAL INTEREST RAGE 7.50%
13 PERIOD IN YEARS 30
14 MONTHLY PAYMENT R 10,488.22
15
16 WHAT IS THE INTEREST PAID ON FIRST PAYMENT
17 LOAN R 1,500,000.00
18 ANNUAL INTEREST RAGE 7.50%
19 PERIOD IN YEARS 30
20 MONTHLY PAYMENT R 10,488.22
21 INTEREST PAID R 9,375.00 So for the payment of R10488.22 you will pay R9375.00 as interest!
22
23
 LOAN PLANS - DIFFERENT SCENARIOS
MONTHLY TIMEFRAME LOAN MONTHLY TOTAL AMOUNT PAID TOTAL
PLAN BEST CHOICE
INTEREST (MONTHS) AMOUNT PAYMENT AFTER INSTALMENTS INTEREST
Insert the correct formula/function to show the BEST CHOICE
1 R 10,000.00 based on the following conditions (nested IF):
2 R 10,000.00
3 R 10,000.00 IF the TOTAL INTEREST is equal to LOWEST TOTAL
4 R 10,000.00 INTEREST PAID, display the text "LOWEST
INTEREST PAID", IF the TOTAL INTEREST is equal
to "HIGHEST INTERST PAID", dislay the text
LOWEST INTEREST PAID R 0.00 "HIGHEST INTEREST PAID". For all other cells an
empty cell should be displayed.

HIGHEST INTEREST PAID R 0.00

THE REFERENCE TABLE

MONTHLY
PLAN TIMEFRAME (MONTHS)
INTEREST
1 10.0% 3
2 9.0% 6
3 8.5% 9
4 8.0% 12
 A B C D E F G I J K
1 LOAN PLANS - DIFFERENT SCENARIOS
MONTHLY TIMEFRAME LOAN MONTHLY TOTAL AMOUNT PAID TOTAL REMEMBER IN THIS EXERCISE
2 PLAN
INTEREST (MONTHS) AMOUNT PAYMENT AFTER INSTALMENTS INTEREST THE TIMEFRAME IS ALREADY IN MONTHS!

3
4 1 10.0% 3 10000 R 4,021.15 R 12,063.44 R 2,063.44 LOWEST INTEREST
5 2 9.0% 6 10000 R 2,229.20 R 13,375.19 R 3,375.19
6 3 8.5% 9 10000 R 1,634.24 R 14,708.14 R 4,708.14
7 4 8.0% 12 10000 R 1,326.95 R 15,923.40 R 5,923.40
8 HIGHEST INTEREST

9 Montly payment x Total amount

PMT months paid - loan amount Do not delete these
10 formulae
11

Use lookup
table Use the lookup MONTHLY
12 to determine table PLAN TIMEFRAME (MONTHS)
INTEREST
the monthly to determine
interest the months.
13 1 10.0% 3
14 2 9.0% 6
15 3 8.5% 9
16 4 8.0% 12 Reference/lookup table
ANNUAL PAYMENT
LOAN R 1,500,000.00
ANNUAL INTEREST RATE 7.50%
PERIOD (YEARS) 30

ANNUAL PAYMENT R 127,006.85 PMT PER YEAR

MONTHLY PAYMENT R 10,488.22 PMT PER MONTH R 9,375.00 IPMT = The interest you pay
on, for instance your first monthly
payment!!!

TRY IT YOURSELF! ANSWER

What will be the payback amount be The answer

on a loan of R750000 to be paid back in 20 is R6273.30
years with an yearly interest rate of 8%.

What is the amount The answer

What is the interest that will then be is
payable on the first deducted R5000 and R1273.30
month's payment? from the capital this
month?
What is the amount The answer
What is the interest that will then be is
payable on the second deducted R4991.51 and R1281.79
month's payment? from the capital this
month?
What is the amount The answer
What is the interest that will then be is
payable on the third deducted R4982.97 and R1290.33
month's payment? from the capital this
month?
What is the amount The answer
What is the interest that will then be
payable after 10 years of paying back is
deducted R3465.75 and R2807.55
this loan? Say on your 120th payment. from the capital this
month?

TRY IT YOURSELF!
Twenty years Fifteen years Ten years
LOAN R 500,000.00 R 500,000.00 R 500,000.00
ANNUAL INTEREST RATE 7.50% 7.50% 7.50%
PERIOD (IN YEARS) 20 15 10

MONTHLY PAYMENT

TOTAL INTEREST PAID:

TOTAL CAPITAL PAID

TOTAL PAYMENT (AFTER PERIOD):

 PRODUCT SALES

OFFICE CHAIRS DESKS CHAIRS COMPUTERS

Jan R 1,567.00 R 1,500.00 R 235.05 R 150.00
Feb R 975.00 R 1,000.00 R 146.25 R 100.00
Mar R 445.00 R 560.00 R 66.75 R 56.00
Apr R 1,249.00 R 1,300.00 R 187.35 R 130.00
May R 368.00 R 300.00 R 55.20 R 30.00
Jun R 1,345.00 R 1,100.00 R 201.75 R 110.00

Chart Title
R 1 800.00

WHAT IS WRONG WITH THIS CHART?

R 1 600.00
R 1 400.00
R 1 200.00 LET'S FIX IT! CREATE NEW CHART AND
R 1 000.00
PASTE IN N1
R 800.00
R 600.00
R 400.00
R 200.00
R 0.00
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Column B Column C Column D Column E

 COMMISSION TABLES
COMMISSION %
COMMISSION
SALES PERSON COMMISSION % SALES
AMOUNT Mbeki T

Fox C 15% R 320,000.00 R 48,000.00

Mahanna B 10% R 550,000.00 R 55,000.00 Booysen J
Bekker J 13% R 780,000.00 R 101,400.00
Booysen J 15% R 523,000.00 R 78,450.00 Bekker J
Mbeki T 12% R 200,000.00 R 24,000.00

Mahanna B

Fox C

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16%

How can you change the chart to show the names from high to low?
How can you change the chart value to show all units? (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 etc.)

Axes value
Right click
Format axis
 PRODUCT SALES

A B C D Chart Title
Jan R 1,567.00 R 1,500.00 R 235.05 R 150.00
Feb R 975.00 R 1,000.00 R 146.25 R 100.00 R 1 800.00
Mar R 445.00 R 560.00 R 66.75 R 56.00 R 1 600.00
Apr R 1,249.00 R 1,300.00 R 187.35 R 130.00 R 1 400.00
May R 368.00 R 300.00 R 55.20 R 30.00 R 1 200.00
Jun R 1,345.00 R 1,100.00 R 201.75 R 110.00
R 1 000.00
R 800.00
R 600.00
HOW CAN YOU CHANGE THE AXIS LABELS? R 400.00
Change in the sheet
or R 200.00
Right click on chart, select data, under legent entries select R 0.00
series and Edit. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Or switch row and column
A B C D

The months must be the legend.

Change the products to:

A Lemons
B Apples
C Grapes
D Tomatoes
 CRICKET EQUIPMENT 2022
Make &
2021 2022
Equipmen Cost Price
Sales Sales
t
Kookaburra 1799 R 1,943 R 2,504
Adidas Hel 1100 R 1,188 R 2,200
Puma Bat 2300 R 2,484 R 1,345
Kookaburr 557 R 602 R 800
Adidas Pad 745 R 450 R 950
Adidas Bat 3590 R 3,100 R 3,955
Puma Helm 870 R 940 R 600
Puma Bat 999 R 550 R 1,100

SALES COMPARISON
1221212121211 (42)
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
t et t ds ds t et t
Ba m Ba Pa Pa Ba m Ba
rra el a
as as He
l a
bu sH Pu
m rra id id a Pu
m
ka id
a a bu Ad Ad m
Ko
o
Ad ok Pu
Ko
TO RENAME THE LEGEND NAMES, CHANGE IT IN
2022 2021 THE DATA DOCUMENT
Sales Sales
 COMMISSION TABLES

SALES PERSON COMMISSION % COMMISSION EXTRA Chart Title

AMOUNT EARNED
R 900.00
Mahanna B 67% R 230.00 R 340.00
Bekker J 45% R 670.00 R 200.00 R 800.00
Booysen J 56% R 560.00 R 120.00 R 700.00
Mbeki T 23% R 780.00 R 150.00 R 600.00
R 500.00
R 400.00
R 300.00
R 200.00
R 100.00
R 0.00
Mahanna B Bekker J Booysen J Mbeki T

COMMISSION AMOUNT EXTRA EARNED

 IN CELL CHARTS
More than one method exists to insert mini charts in a cell. Here are some examples.

METHOD 1: Use the Conditional Formatting option in the Home tab to create data bars.

FOOD CORNER PRODUCTS

In this example add a new column H and copy and
paste the mark-up percentages there. Then use the
Conditional Formatting option to add bars that
Cost represent these percentages. Just add the bars.
(current Cost Cost Choose more rules to set choices.
Category Product Name month) (prior month) Trend Price Mark-up
Beverages Rooibos Tea R 10.00 R 7.00 R 3.00 R 10.50 5%
Beverages Peach Ice Tea R 12.00 R 10.00 R 2.00 R 13.20 10%
Beverages Americano Coffee R 10.00 R 12.00 -R 2.00 R 11.50 15%
Beverages Cappuccino R 20.00 R 20.00 R 0.00 R 24.00 20%
Cereal Granola R 25.00 R 20.00 R 5.00 R 26.25 5%
Cereal Pro Nutro R 20.00 R 15.00 R 5.00 R 22.00 10%
Cereal Jungle Oats R 15.00 R 15.00 R 0.00 R 17.25 15%
Salad French R 15.00 R 10.00 R 5.00 R 18.00 20%
Salad Greek R 8.00 R 10.00 -R 2.00 R 8.40 5%
Salad Chicken & Spinach R 20.00 R 15.00 R 5.00 R 22.00 10%
Sandwiches Chicken Mayo R 20.00 R 15.00 R 5.00 R 24.00 20%
Sandwiches Ham & Cheese R 20.00 R 15.00 R 5.00 R 21.00 5%
Sandwiches Three Cheese R 15.00 R 12.00 R 3.00 R 16.50 10%
Sandwiches Tomato & Cheese R 15.00 R 12.00 R 3.00 R 17.25 15%

METHOD 2: Use the =REPT function to create data bars.

COMMISSION TABLES

SALES PERSON COMMISSION % SALES COMMISSION

AMOUNT In this example you use the =REPT function and
some letter to create a "looking like" a chart effect.
Mahanna B 10% R 230.00 R 23.00 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
In this example we used the "I" and repeat it.
Bekker J 10% R 670.00 R 67.00 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
Booysen J 10% R 560.00 R 56.00 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
Mbeki T 10% R 780.00 R 78.00 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

METHOD 3: Inserting small 2-D area graphs in each cell and switching off the title, gridlines and legend.
Thereafter resize the chart to fit in a cell.This is a very time consuming method and not recommended.

COMMISSION TABLES

COMMISSION EXTRA
SALES PERSON COMMISSION % AMOUNT EARNED

In this example we compare the commission

amount with the extra amount earned. First select
Mahanna B 67% R 230.00 R 340.00 the information of the firste salesman. Insert
2-D Area chart type, switch off all chart elements and
resize to fit the cell. Now copy this small chart to
the cell below, right click, select data, and
select the data of the second salesperson.
Bekker J 45% R 670.00 R 200.00 And so you carry on till the end. You can
align these small charts by using the chart tools,
format, align.

Booysen J 56% R 560.00 R 120.00

Mbeki T 23% R 780.00 R 150.00

 COMMISSION TABLES
A sparkline is a very small chart giving a visual representation of the data in the cell
SALES PERSON COMMISSION % COMMISSION EXTRA
AMOUNT EARNED
Mahanna B 67% R 230.00 R 340.00
Bekker J 45% R 670.00 R 200.00
Booysen J 56% R 560.00 R 120.00
Mbeki T 23% R 780.00 R 150.00