CHAPTER 2.

EARTH

1. Calculate the d'long between A 165°W and B 103°E. Aircraft is flying from A to B.

a) 62°W

b) 62 E

c) 60W

2. Calculate the d'long between A 165°W and B 170°E. Aircraft is flying from A to B.

a) 25°W

b) 25 E

c) 15W

3. The distance around the Earth along the Equator and around the meridian and antemeridian is

a) Exactly the same

b) Along Equator is more

c) Around the Poles (meridian and its antemeridian) is more.

4.The Earth rotates about it's

a) Polar diameter

b) Equatorial diameter

c) Sometimes around the Polar and sometimes around the Equatorial diameter depending upon the
season.

Q5. The cardinal points are:

a) North, West

b) South, East

c) All the above.

06. Graticule is the network of meridians and parallels on

a) Earth

b) Maps

c) Both
07. The maximum difference between geocentric and geodetic latitude occurs at about:

a) 0° north and south (equator)

b) 90° north and south

c) 45° north and south

08. The ratio of the ellipticity of the earth is 1/297, if the major axis is 6956 km at the equator, what
is the minor axis (poles)?

a) 6879 km.

b) 6862 km.

c) 6932 km.

Q9. A great circle is any circle on the surface of the Earth whose

a) radius is the same as that of the Earth

b) plane passes through the center of the Earth

c) both.

Q10. The shortest distance between any two points on the Earth is defined by

a) a straight line joining the two places on a map

b) the shorter arc of the great circle joining the two places

c) the rhumb line joining the two places.

Q11. A meridian is a

a) Semi great circle

b) Line joining places of the same latitude

c) Semi great circle joining places of same longitude.

Q12. For measuring latitude, the datum used is

a) Equator

b) Prime meridian

c) the Pole.
Q13. Latitude is expressed in degrees, minutes, and seconds to the North or South of

a) the Pole

b) Equator

c) Greenwich meridian

014. Place A on 57N 176°W & Place B 60N 177°E. Calculate dlong and approximate heading from B to
A?

a) 351° and 310°

b) 7° and 130°.

c) 7° and 310°

015. The only line on the Earth which is both Great Circle and rhumb line is:

a) meridians

b) equator

c) both

16. The datum for measuring Longitude is called:

a) the Prime Meridian

b) the Prime Latitude

c) the Equator

Q17. The maximum Latitude can be as much as:

a) 90

b) 180°

c) 360°

Q18. Parallels of Latitude and Meridians of longitude on the Earth

a) can be distinctly identified when map reading.

b) are only imaginary lines and so are not marked on the Earth.

c) Only global satellites can identify them on the earth.

what is the d'lat?

a) 21

b) 61°

c) 62

20. Earth is a:

a) Planet

b) Satellite

c) Asteroid

Great Circles, Rhumb Lines & Directions on the Earth

1. What is the Change of Latitude between the following positions:-

a. 52°15’N to 39°35’N

b. 49°35’N to 60°20’S

c. 74°20’S to 34°30’S

d. 71°20’N to 86°45’N over the north pole.

2. What is the difference in nautical miles and in kilometres from position A (41°25’N) to position

B (79°30’N)? Both are on the same meridian.

3. What is the Change of Longitude between the following positions:-

a. 075°40’W to 125°35’W

b. 001°20’E to 004°20’W

c. 150°40’E to 179°30’E

d. 162°36’W to 140°42’E
4. Give the Direction and Change of Latitude and Longitude from X to Y in each case:

XY

a. 50°31’N 006°30’W to 52°00’N 008°35’W

b. 47°32’N 002°46’W to 43°56’N 001°33’W

c. 61°47’N 003°46’W to 62°13’N 001°36’E

d. 31°27’S 091°47’E to 35°57’N 096°31’E

e. 51°05’N 177°42’E to 51°06’N 167°42’W

5. Give the shortest distance in nautical miles and kilometres between the following positions:

a. 52°06’N 002°32’E and 53°36’N 002°32’E

b. 04°41’S 163°36’W and 03°21’N 163°36’W

c. 62°00’N 093°00’E and 62°00’N 087°00’W

d. 00°00’N 176°00’E and 00°00’N 173°00’W

e. 43°57’N 071°37’W and 43°57’S 108°23’E

6. An aircraft is to fly from position 72°00’N 002°30’E to position 72°00’N 177°30’W on the shortest

possible route.

a. Give the initial (True) track direction

b. Will the track direction remain the same for the whole flight?

c. Give a reason for the answer given in b above.

7. You are at position A at 54°20’N 002°30’W. Given a ch.lat of 16°20’N and a ch.long of 020°30’W

to B, what is the position of B?

8. You are at position C at 36°47’S 179°21’E. Given a ch. lat of 46°47’N and a ch. long of 20°30’E to

D, what is the position of D?

the same points if the points are:

a. In the Northern Hemisphere?

b. In the Southern Hemisphere?

10. Any Meridian Line is a:

a. Rhumb Line

b. Semi Great Circle

c. Rhumb Line and a semi Great Circle

11. A Rhumb Line cuts all meridians at the same angle. This gives:

a. The shortest distance between two points.

b. A line which could never be a great circle track

c. A line of constant direction

ANSWERS

1 A. 12° 40’ S

B. 109° 55’ S

C. 39° 50’ N

D. 21° 55’

2. 2285 nm is 4224 km or 4236 km using a calculator or 4230 km using the Navigation

Computer.

Answers in km will vary depending on which conversion factor is used.

3. A. 49° 55’ W

B. 05° 40’ W

C. 28° 50’ E

D. 56° 42’ W (Not 303° 18’ - we want the smaller arc).

4. A. 01° 29’ N 002° 05’ W

B. 03° 36’ S 001° 13’ E

C. 00° 26’ N 005° 22’ E

D. 67° 24’ N 004° 44’ E

5. A. 90 nm 166 km

B. 482 nm 890 km

C. 3360 nm 6228 km

D. 660 nm 1220 km

E. 10800nm 20000 km

6. A. 360°(T)

B. No

C. Route over the North Pole, initial track True North, then once over the Pole,

True South.

7. 70° 40’ N 023° 00’ W

8. 10° 00’ N 160° 09’ W

9. A. Nearer the Equator (South of the Great Circle)

B. Nearer the Equator (North of the Great Circle)

10. C

11. C